The sluggish kinetics of complicated multiphase conversions and the severe shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)significantly hinder the applications of Li-S battery,which is one of the most promising candid...The sluggish kinetics of complicated multiphase conversions and the severe shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)significantly hinder the applications of Li-S battery,which is one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage system.Herein,a bifunctional electrocatalyst,indium phthalocyanine self-assembled with carbon nanotubes(InPc@CNT)composite material,is proposed to promote the conversion kinetics of both reduction and oxidation processes,demonstrating a bidirectional catalytic effect on both nucleation and dissolution of Li_(2)S species.The theoretical calculation shows that the unique electronic configuration of InPc@CNT is conducive to trapping soluble polysulfides in the reduction process,as well as the modulation of electron transfer dynamics also endows the dissolution of Li_(2)S in the oxidation reaction,which will accelerate the effectiveness of catalytic conversion and facilitate sulfur utilization.Moreover,the InPc@CNT modified separator displays lower overpotential for polysulfide transformation,alleviating polarization of electrode during cycling.The integrated spectroscopy analysis,HRTEM,and electrochemical study reveal that the InPc@CNT acts as an efficient multifunctional catalytic center to satisfy the requirements of accelerating charging and discharging processes.Therefore,the Li-S battery with InPc@CNT-modified separator obtains a discharge-specific capacity of 1415 mAh g^(-1)at a high rate of 0.5 C.Additionally,the 2 Ah Li-S pouch cells deliver 315 Wh kg^(-1)and achieved 80%capacity retention after 50 cycles at 0.1 C with a high sulfur loading of 10 mg cm^(-2).Our study provides a practical method to introduce bifunctional electrocatalysts for boosting the electrochemical properties of Li-S batteries.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is one of the best candidates for the next-generation energy storage system due to its high theoretical capacity(1675 mA h-1),low cost and environment friendliness.However,lithium(Li) dend...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is one of the best candidates for the next-generation energy storage system due to its high theoretical capacity(1675 mA h-1),low cost and environment friendliness.However,lithium(Li) dendrites formation and polysulfide shuttle effect are two major challenges that limit the commercialization of Li-S batteries.Here we design a facile bifunctional interlayer of gelatin-based fibers(GFs),aiming to protect the Li anode surface from the dendrites growth and also hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect.We reveal that the 3D structural network of GFs layer with abundant polar sites helps to homogenize Li-ion flux,leading to uniform Li-ion deposition.Meanwhile,the polar moieties also immobilize the lithium polysulfides and protect the Li metal from the side-reaction.As a result,the anodeprotected batteries have shown significantly enhanced performance.A high coulombic efficiency of 96% after 160 cycles has been achieved in the Li-Cu half cells.The Li-Li symmetric cells exhibit a prolonged lifespan for 800 h with voltage hysteresis(10 mV).With the as-prepared GFs layer,the Li-S battery shows approximately 14% higher capacity retention than the pristine battery at 0.5 C after 100 cycles.Our work presents that this gelatin-based bi-functional interlayer provides a viable strategy for the manufacturing of advanced Li-S batteries.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for nextgeneration portable electronic devices,owing to their extremely high energy density and low cost.However,the dissoluti...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for nextgeneration portable electronic devices,owing to their extremely high energy density and low cost.However,the dissolution of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and consequent"shuttle effect"seriously hinder the practical deployment of Li-S batteries.Herein,multi-metal oxide nanorods named attapulgite are proposed as multifunctional ionic sieve to immobilize LiPSs and further promote the regulation of LiPSs.Attapulgite,consisting of Al,Mg,Fe,Si and O ions,possesses more polar sites to immobilize LiPSs in comparison with single metal oxides.In addition,the catalytic nature(Fe ions)of attapulgite avails the LiPSs conversion reaction,which is further confirmed by the linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Benefited from the synergistic effect of multi-metal oxide and conductive carbon,the Li-S battery with the modified separator delivers remarkable discharge capacities of 1059.4 mAh g-1 and 792.5 mAh g-1 for the first and 200th cycle at 0.5 C,respectively.The work presents an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries by employing attapulgite nanorods assisted separator surface engineering.展开更多
As a sulfur-containing cathode material,sulfide polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)is expected to be used for longlife lithium-sulfur battery because there is no shuttle effect occurred in its charge process.However,its specific ...As a sulfur-containing cathode material,sulfide polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)is expected to be used for longlife lithium-sulfur battery because there is no shuttle effect occurred in its charge process.However,its specific capacity and discharge potential need to be further improved to satisfy the urgent demands for high-performance batteries.In this paper,Te0.045S0.955PAN composite was synthesized by co-heating TexS1-x and PAN,and the superior electrochemical performance to that of SPAN was obtained because of doping Te with high conductivity.The as-prepared Te0.045S0.955PAN composite possessed the specific capacity of 675 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A g^-1 with high capacity retention of96.6%compared to the second cycle.Especially,during cycling,Te0.045S0.955PAN showed average discharge voltages of 1.88-1.91 V,which were higher than 1.85-1.88 V for SPAN at the same current density.Thus doping Te provides a new strategy for increasing the energy density of SPAN.展开更多
To address the corrosion and dendrite issues of lithium metal anodes, a protective layer was ex-situ constructed by P4S10 modification. It was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectra that the ...To address the corrosion and dendrite issues of lithium metal anodes, a protective layer was ex-situ constructed by P4S10 modification. It was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectra that the main constituents of the protective layer were P4S10, Li3PS4 and other LixPySztype derivatives. The protective layer was proved to be effective to stabilize the interphase of lithium metal. With the modified Li anodes, symmetric cells could deliver stable Li plating/stripping for 16000 h;Li–S batteries exhibited a specific capacity of 520 m A h g-1 after 200 cycles at 1000 m A g-1 with average Coulombic efficiency of 97.9%. Therefore, introducing LixPySzbased layer to protect Li anode provides a new strategy for the improvement of Li metal batteries.展开更多
Various nanostructured architectures have been demonstrated to be effective to address the issues of high capacity Si anodes. However, the scale-up of these nano-Si materials is still a critical obstacle for commercia...Various nanostructured architectures have been demonstrated to be effective to address the issues of high capacity Si anodes. However, the scale-up of these nano-Si materials is still a critical obstacle for commercialization. Herein, we use industrial ferrosilicon as low-cost Si source and introduce a facile and scalable method to fabricate a micrometer-sized ferrosilicon/C composite anode, in which ferrosilicon microparticles are wrapped with multi-layered carbon nanosheets. The multi-layered carbon nanosheets could effectively buffer the volume variation of Si as well as create an abundant and reliable conductivity framework, ensuring fast transport of electrons. As a result, the micrometer-sized ferrosilicon/C anode achieves a stable cycling with 805.9 m Ah g-1 over 200 cycles at 500 mA g-1 and a good rate capability of455.6 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1. Therefore, our approach based on ferrosilicon provides a new opportunity in fabricating cost-effective, pollution-free, and large-scale Si electrode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) statistical test recognized as the most authoritative is widely used in verifying the randomness of binary sequences. The Non-overlapping Template Matching Test as ...NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) statistical test recognized as the most authoritative is widely used in verifying the randomness of binary sequences. The Non-overlapping Template Matching Test as the 7 th test of the NIST Test Suit is remarkably time consuming and the slow performance is one of the major hurdles in the testing process. In this paper, we present an efficient bit-parallel matching algorithm and segmented scan-based strategy for execution on Graphics Processing Unit(GPU) using NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA). Experimental results show the significant performance improvement of the parallelized Non-overlapping Template Matching Test, the running speed is 483 times faster than the original NIST implementation without attenuating the test result accuracy.展开更多
Banana is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of China. Fenjiao( Musa Spp. ABB,Pisang Awak subgroup) has been grown by small scale famers because of its stable market price and better s...Banana is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of China. Fenjiao( Musa Spp. ABB,Pisang Awak subgroup) has been grown by small scale famers because of its stable market price and better sugar-acid blend. However,the traditional Fenjiao variety is susceptible to banana Fusarium wilt,has a high plant height( over 5. 0 m),and farmers lack large-scale planting techniques.Based on the traditional Fenjiao variety,we selected‘Refen 1’variety through mutagenesis technology,which has low temperature resistance,suitable to marginal soils and relatively low plant height( 3. 2-4. 0 m). This paper mainly introduces the major techniques of propagation,cultivation,and post-harvest stages of‘Refen 1’banana,including the selection of explant materials,treatment,disinfection,initial culture,nursery hardening of in vitro-produced banana plants,and transplant of tissue culture seedlings. The major points of the cultivation technology include banana plantation selection and preparation,planting methods,irrigation and fertilizer management,pruning and retaining,and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.展开更多
Secure distribution of high-speed digital encryption/decryption keys over a classical fiber channel is strongly pursued for realizing perfect secrecy communication systems.However,it is still challenging to achieve a ...Secure distribution of high-speed digital encryption/decryption keys over a classical fiber channel is strongly pursued for realizing perfect secrecy communication systems.However,it is still challenging to achieve a secret key rate in the order of tens of gigabits per second to be comparable with the bit rate of commercial fiber-optic systems.In this paper,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel solution for high-speed secure key distribution based on temporal steganography and private chaotic phase scrambling in the classical physical layer.The encryption key is temporally concealed into the background noise in the time domain and randomly phase scrambled bit-by-bit by a private chaotic signal,which provides two layers of enhanced security to guarantee the privacy of key distribution while providing a high secret key rate.We experimentally achieved a record classical secret key rate of 10 Gb/s with a bit error rate lower than the hard-decision forward error correction(HD-FEC)over a 40 km standard single mode fiber.The proposed solution holds great promise for achieving high-speed key distribution in the classical fiber channel by combining steganographic transmission and chaotic scrambling.展开更多
Optical chaos communication and key distribution have been extensively demonstrated with high-speed advantage but only within the metropolitan-area network range of which the transmission distance is restricted to aro...Optical chaos communication and key distribution have been extensively demonstrated with high-speed advantage but only within the metropolitan-area network range of which the transmission distance is restricted to around 300 km.For secure-transmission requirement of the backbone fiber link,the critical threshold is to realize long-reach chaos synchronization.Here,we propose and demonstrate a scheme of long-reach chaos synchronization using fiber relay transmission with hybrid amplification of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)and a distributed fiber Raman amplifier(DFRA).Experiments and simulations show that the hybrid amplification extends the chaos-fidelity transmission distance thanks to that the low-noise DFRA suppresses the amplified spontaneous emission noise and self-phase modulation.Optimizations of the hybrid-relay conditions are studied,including launching power,gain ratio of DFRA to EDFA,single-span fiber length,and number of fiber span.A 1040-km chaos synchronization with a synchronization coefficient beyond 0.90 is experimentally achieved,which underlies the backbone network-oriented optical chaos communication and key distribution.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal anode holds great promise for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.However,it suffers from the Li dendrites growth and uncontrollable side reactions with electrolyte due to the unstable solid el...Lithium(Li)metal anode holds great promise for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.However,it suffers from the Li dendrites growth and uncontrollable side reactions with electrolyte due to the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer.Herein,we propose a facile strategy for the in-situ fabricate of organic-inorganic composite artificial SEI layers on Li surfaces,which consist of organic fluorinated siloxane and inorganic LiF-rich phases.The hybrid artificial SEI endows high mechanical strength(13.1 GPa)and Liþtransfer number(0.62).Such robust SEI protective layers can not only guide uniform nucleation and deposition of Li metal by facilitating uniform Li-ion distribution,but also prevent unfavourable side reactions.Accordingly,the protected metallic lithium anode(PMTFPS-Li)anode enables stable Li plating/stripping performance in symmetric cells for more than 300 h at 4 mA$h/cm^(2)under a high areal capacity of 4 mA/cm^(2).Moreover,the PMTFPS-Li/S cells could maintain more than 300 stable cycles at 0.5C and the PMTFPS-Li/LFP cells present excellent cycling performance(400 cycles at 1C)and enhanced rate capability(110.4 mA$h/g at 3 C).This work will inspire the design of artificial SEI on Li anodes for advanced Li metal batteries.展开更多
Secure and high-speed optical communications are of primary focus in information transmission.Although it is widely accepted that chaotic secure communication can provide superior physical layer security,it is challen...Secure and high-speed optical communications are of primary focus in information transmission.Although it is widely accepted that chaotic secure communication can provide superior physical layer security,it is challenging to meet the demand for high-speed increasing communication rate.We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a conceptual paradigm for orbital angular momentum(OAM)configured chaotic laser(OAM-CCL)that allows access to high-security and massivecapacity optical communications.Combining 11 OAM modes and an all-optical feedback chaotic laser,we are able to theoretically empower a well-defined optical communication system with a total transmission capacity of 100 Gb∕s and a bit error rate below the forward error correction threshold 3.8×10^(-3).Furthermore,the OAM-CCL-based communication system is robust to 3D misalignment by resorting to appropriate mode spacing and beam waist.Finally,the conceptual paradigm of the OAM-CCL-based communication system is verified.In contrast to existing systems(traditional free-space optical communication or chaotic optical communication),the OAM-CCL-based communication system has threein-one characteristics of high security,massive capacity,and robustness.The findings demonstrate that this will promote the applicable settings of chaotic laser and provide an alternative promising route to guide high-security and massive-capacity optical communications.展开更多
High-speed physical key distribution is diligently pursued for secure communication.In this paper,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of high-speed key distribution using mode-shift keying chaos synchro...High-speed physical key distribution is diligently pursued for secure communication.In this paper,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of high-speed key distribution using mode-shift keying chaos synchronization between two multi-longitudinal-mode Fabry–Perot lasers commonly driven by a super-luminescent diode.Legitimate users dynamically select one of the longitudinal modes according to private control codes to achieve mode-shift keying chaos synchronization.The two remote chaotic light waveforms are quantized to generate two raw random bit streams,and then those bits corresponding to chaos synchronization are sifted as shared keys by comparing the control codes.In this method,the transition time,i.e.,the chaos synchronization recovery time is determined by the rising time of the control codes rather than the laser transition response time,so the key distribution rate is improved greatly.Our experiment achieved a 0.75-Gbit/s key distribution rate with a bit error rate of 3.8×10^(−3)over 160-km fiber transmission with dispersion compensation.The entropy rate of the laser chaos is evaluated as 16 Gbit/s,which determines the ultimate final key rate together with the key generation ratio.It is therefore believed that the method pays a way for Gbit/s physical key distribution.展开更多
Intermittent dynamics switching on the route to chaos in a discrete-mode laser with long time-delayed feedback is experimentally and numerically studied by analyzing the time series,power spectra,and phase portraits. ...Intermittent dynamics switching on the route to chaos in a discrete-mode laser with long time-delayed feedback is experimentally and numerically studied by analyzing the time series,power spectra,and phase portraits. The results show two types of dynamics switching:one or multiple times regular intermittent dynamics switching between stable state and square-wave envelope period-one oscillation within one feedback round time,and the irregular intermittent dynamics switching between stable state and quasi-periodic or multi-states or chaos with higher feedback ratio and bias currents. The relationship between the duty cycle of period-one oscillation and the feedback ratio has been analyzed. The map of the dynamics distribution in the parameter space of feedback ratio and bias current is plotted for a better understanding of dynamics evolution in long external cavity discrete-mode lasers.展开更多
Background:Cancer metastasis and recurrence remain major challenges in renal carcinoma patient management.There are limited biomarkers to predict the metastatic probability of renal cancer,especially in the early-stag...Background:Cancer metastasis and recurrence remain major challenges in renal carcinoma patient management.There are limited biomarkers to predict the metastatic probability of renal cancer,especially in the early-stage subgroup.Here,our study applied robust machine-learning algorithms to identify metastatic and recurrence-related signatures across multiple renal cancer cohorts,which reached high accuracy in both training and testing cohorts.Methods:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)patients with primary or metastatic site sequencing information from eight cohorts,including one outhouse cohort,were enrolled in this study.Three robust machine-learning algorithms were applied to identify metastatic signatures.Then,two distinct metastatic-related subtypes were identified and verified;matrix remodeling associated 5(MXRA5),as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target,was investigated in vivo and in vitro.Results:We identified five stable metastasis-related signatures(renin,integrin subunit beta-like 1,MXRA5,mesenchyme homeobox 2,and anoctamin 3)from multicenter cohorts.Additionally,we verified the specificity and sensibility of these signatures in external and out-house cohorts,which displayed a satisfactory consistency.According to these metastatic signatures,patients were grouped into two distinct and heterogeneous ccRCC subtypes named metastatic cancer subtype 1(MTCS1)and type 2(MTCS2).MTCS2 exhibited poorer clinical outcomes and metastatic tendencies than MTCS1.In addition,MTCS2 showed higher immune cell infiltration and immune signature expression but a lower response rate to immune blockade therapy than MTCS1.The MTCS2 subgroup was more sensitive to saracatinib,sunitinib,and several molecular targeted drugs.In addition,MTCS2 displayed a higher genome mutation burden and instability.Furthermore,we constructed a prognosis model based on subtype biomarkers,which performed well in training and validation cohorts.Finally,MXRA5,as a promising biomarker,significantly suppressed malignant ability,including the cell migration and proliferation of ccRCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions:This study identified five robust metastatic signatures and proposed two metastatic probability clusters with stratified prognoses,multiomics landscapes,and treatment options.The current work not only provided new insight into the heterogeneity of renal cancer but also shed light on optimizing decision‐making in immunotherapy and chemotherapy.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21935006).
文摘The sluggish kinetics of complicated multiphase conversions and the severe shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)significantly hinder the applications of Li-S battery,which is one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage system.Herein,a bifunctional electrocatalyst,indium phthalocyanine self-assembled with carbon nanotubes(InPc@CNT)composite material,is proposed to promote the conversion kinetics of both reduction and oxidation processes,demonstrating a bidirectional catalytic effect on both nucleation and dissolution of Li_(2)S species.The theoretical calculation shows that the unique electronic configuration of InPc@CNT is conducive to trapping soluble polysulfides in the reduction process,as well as the modulation of electron transfer dynamics also endows the dissolution of Li_(2)S in the oxidation reaction,which will accelerate the effectiveness of catalytic conversion and facilitate sulfur utilization.Moreover,the InPc@CNT modified separator displays lower overpotential for polysulfide transformation,alleviating polarization of electrode during cycling.The integrated spectroscopy analysis,HRTEM,and electrochemical study reveal that the InPc@CNT acts as an efficient multifunctional catalytic center to satisfy the requirements of accelerating charging and discharging processes.Therefore,the Li-S battery with InPc@CNT-modified separator obtains a discharge-specific capacity of 1415 mAh g^(-1)at a high rate of 0.5 C.Additionally,the 2 Ah Li-S pouch cells deliver 315 Wh kg^(-1)and achieved 80%capacity retention after 50 cycles at 0.1 C with a high sulfur loading of 10 mg cm^(-2).Our study provides a practical method to introduce bifunctional electrocatalysts for boosting the electrochemical properties of Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51861165101)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is one of the best candidates for the next-generation energy storage system due to its high theoretical capacity(1675 mA h-1),low cost and environment friendliness.However,lithium(Li) dendrites formation and polysulfide shuttle effect are two major challenges that limit the commercialization of Li-S batteries.Here we design a facile bifunctional interlayer of gelatin-based fibers(GFs),aiming to protect the Li anode surface from the dendrites growth and also hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect.We reveal that the 3D structural network of GFs layer with abundant polar sites helps to homogenize Li-ion flux,leading to uniform Li-ion deposition.Meanwhile,the polar moieties also immobilize the lithium polysulfides and protect the Li metal from the side-reaction.As a result,the anodeprotected batteries have shown significantly enhanced performance.A high coulombic efficiency of 96% after 160 cycles has been achieved in the Li-Cu half cells.The Li-Li symmetric cells exhibit a prolonged lifespan for 800 h with voltage hysteresis(10 mV).With the as-prepared GFs layer,the Li-S battery shows approximately 14% higher capacity retention than the pristine battery at 0.5 C after 100 cycles.Our work presents that this gelatin-based bi-functional interlayer provides a viable strategy for the manufacturing of advanced Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51861165101,51822706,51777200)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ19012)DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201912)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for nextgeneration portable electronic devices,owing to their extremely high energy density and low cost.However,the dissolution of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and consequent"shuttle effect"seriously hinder the practical deployment of Li-S batteries.Herein,multi-metal oxide nanorods named attapulgite are proposed as multifunctional ionic sieve to immobilize LiPSs and further promote the regulation of LiPSs.Attapulgite,consisting of Al,Mg,Fe,Si and O ions,possesses more polar sites to immobilize LiPSs in comparison with single metal oxides.In addition,the catalytic nature(Fe ions)of attapulgite avails the LiPSs conversion reaction,which is further confirmed by the linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Benefited from the synergistic effect of multi-metal oxide and conductive carbon,the Li-S battery with the modified separator delivers remarkable discharge capacities of 1059.4 mAh g-1 and 792.5 mAh g-1 for the first and 200th cycle at 0.5 C,respectively.The work presents an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries by employing attapulgite nanorods assisted separator surface engineering.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development program of China(no.2016YFB0100200)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(no.Z181100004518001)
文摘As a sulfur-containing cathode material,sulfide polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)is expected to be used for longlife lithium-sulfur battery because there is no shuttle effect occurred in its charge process.However,its specific capacity and discharge potential need to be further improved to satisfy the urgent demands for high-performance batteries.In this paper,Te0.045S0.955PAN composite was synthesized by co-heating TexS1-x and PAN,and the superior electrochemical performance to that of SPAN was obtained because of doping Te with high conductivity.The as-prepared Te0.045S0.955PAN composite possessed the specific capacity of 675 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A g^-1 with high capacity retention of96.6%compared to the second cycle.Especially,during cycling,Te0.045S0.955PAN showed average discharge voltages of 1.88-1.91 V,which were higher than 1.85-1.88 V for SPAN at the same current density.Thus doping Te provides a new strategy for increasing the energy density of SPAN.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2016YFB0100200)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(no.Z181100004518001)。
文摘To address the corrosion and dendrite issues of lithium metal anodes, a protective layer was ex-situ constructed by P4S10 modification. It was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectra that the main constituents of the protective layer were P4S10, Li3PS4 and other LixPySztype derivatives. The protective layer was proved to be effective to stabilize the interphase of lithium metal. With the modified Li anodes, symmetric cells could deliver stable Li plating/stripping for 16000 h;Li–S batteries exhibited a specific capacity of 520 m A h g-1 after 200 cycles at 1000 m A g-1 with average Coulombic efficiency of 97.9%. Therefore, introducing LixPySzbased layer to protect Li anode provides a new strategy for the improvement of Li metal batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:21703285)。
文摘Various nanostructured architectures have been demonstrated to be effective to address the issues of high capacity Si anodes. However, the scale-up of these nano-Si materials is still a critical obstacle for commercialization. Herein, we use industrial ferrosilicon as low-cost Si source and introduce a facile and scalable method to fabricate a micrometer-sized ferrosilicon/C composite anode, in which ferrosilicon microparticles are wrapped with multi-layered carbon nanosheets. The multi-layered carbon nanosheets could effectively buffer the volume variation of Si as well as create an abundant and reliable conductivity framework, ensuring fast transport of electrons. As a result, the micrometer-sized ferrosilicon/C anode achieves a stable cycling with 805.9 m Ah g-1 over 200 cycles at 500 mA g-1 and a good rate capability of455.6 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1. Therefore, our approach based on ferrosilicon provides a new opportunity in fabricating cost-effective, pollution-free, and large-scale Si electrode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported in part by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2017-key-2)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.201801D121145)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.61731014,61705157,61927811)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams。
文摘NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) statistical test recognized as the most authoritative is widely used in verifying the randomness of binary sequences. The Non-overlapping Template Matching Test as the 7 th test of the NIST Test Suit is remarkably time consuming and the slow performance is one of the major hurdles in the testing process. In this paper, we present an efficient bit-parallel matching algorithm and segmented scan-based strategy for execution on Graphics Processing Unit(GPU) using NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA). Experimental results show the significant performance improvement of the parallelized Non-overlapping Template Matching Test, the running speed is 483 times faster than the original NIST implementation without attenuating the test result accuracy.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-31-02)Key R&D project in Hainan Province(ZDYF2019060)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS "Evaluation and Regulation of Nutritional Quality of Major Agricultural Products"
文摘Banana is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of China. Fenjiao( Musa Spp. ABB,Pisang Awak subgroup) has been grown by small scale famers because of its stable market price and better sugar-acid blend. However,the traditional Fenjiao variety is susceptible to banana Fusarium wilt,has a high plant height( over 5. 0 m),and farmers lack large-scale planting techniques.Based on the traditional Fenjiao variety,we selected‘Refen 1’variety through mutagenesis technology,which has low temperature resistance,suitable to marginal soils and relatively low plant height( 3. 2-4. 0 m). This paper mainly introduces the major techniques of propagation,cultivation,and post-harvest stages of‘Refen 1’banana,including the selection of explant materials,treatment,disinfection,initial culture,nursery hardening of in vitro-produced banana plants,and transplant of tissue culture seedlings. The major points of the cultivation technology include banana plantation selection and preparation,planting methods,irrigation and fertilizer management,pruning and retaining,and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2906000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62004047,62375055,U2001601,U22A2087)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515020088)Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams of“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program”(2019ZT08X340)。
文摘Secure distribution of high-speed digital encryption/decryption keys over a classical fiber channel is strongly pursued for realizing perfect secrecy communication systems.However,it is still challenging to achieve a secret key rate in the order of tens of gigabits per second to be comparable with the bit rate of commercial fiber-optic systems.In this paper,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel solution for high-speed secure key distribution based on temporal steganography and private chaotic phase scrambling in the classical physical layer.The encryption key is temporally concealed into the background noise in the time domain and randomly phase scrambled bit-by-bit by a private chaotic signal,which provides two layers of enhanced security to guarantee the privacy of key distribution while providing a high secret key rate.We experimentally achieved a record classical secret key rate of 10 Gb/s with a bit error rate lower than the hard-decision forward error correction(HD-FEC)over a 40 km standard single mode fiber.The proposed solution holds great promise for achieving high-speed key distribution in the classical fiber channel by combining steganographic transmission and chaotic scrambling.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1803500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62035009,61731014)+2 种基金Shanxia“1331 Project”Key Innovative TeamInternational Cooperation of Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(201903D421012)Development Fund in Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(YDZJSX2021A009)。
文摘Optical chaos communication and key distribution have been extensively demonstrated with high-speed advantage but only within the metropolitan-area network range of which the transmission distance is restricted to around 300 km.For secure-transmission requirement of the backbone fiber link,the critical threshold is to realize long-reach chaos synchronization.Here,we propose and demonstrate a scheme of long-reach chaos synchronization using fiber relay transmission with hybrid amplification of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)and a distributed fiber Raman amplifier(DFRA).Experiments and simulations show that the hybrid amplification extends the chaos-fidelity transmission distance thanks to that the low-noise DFRA suppresses the amplified spontaneous emission noise and self-phase modulation.Optimizations of the hybrid-relay conditions are studied,including launching power,gain ratio of DFRA to EDFA,single-span fiber length,and number of fiber span.A 1040-km chaos synchronization with a synchronization coefficient beyond 0.90 is experimentally achieved,which underlies the backbone network-oriented optical chaos communication and key distribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21935006).
文摘Lithium(Li)metal anode holds great promise for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.However,it suffers from the Li dendrites growth and uncontrollable side reactions with electrolyte due to the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer.Herein,we propose a facile strategy for the in-situ fabricate of organic-inorganic composite artificial SEI layers on Li surfaces,which consist of organic fluorinated siloxane and inorganic LiF-rich phases.The hybrid artificial SEI endows high mechanical strength(13.1 GPa)and Liþtransfer number(0.62).Such robust SEI protective layers can not only guide uniform nucleation and deposition of Li metal by facilitating uniform Li-ion distribution,but also prevent unfavourable side reactions.Accordingly,the protected metallic lithium anode(PMTFPS-Li)anode enables stable Li plating/stripping performance in symmetric cells for more than 300 h at 4 mA$h/cm^(2)under a high areal capacity of 4 mA/cm^(2).Moreover,the PMTFPS-Li/S cells could maintain more than 300 stable cycles at 0.5C and the PMTFPS-Li/LFP cells present excellent cycling performance(400 cycles at 1C)and enhanced rate capability(110.4 mA$h/g at 3 C).This work will inspire the design of artificial SEI on Li anodes for advanced Li metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61927811,62035009,and 11974258)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202103021224038)+3 种基金the Development Fund in Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(Grant No.YDZJSX2021A009)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics(Grant No.SKLAO2022001A09)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant Nos.ZK[2021]031 and ZK[2023]049)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams.
文摘Secure and high-speed optical communications are of primary focus in information transmission.Although it is widely accepted that chaotic secure communication can provide superior physical layer security,it is challenging to meet the demand for high-speed increasing communication rate.We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a conceptual paradigm for orbital angular momentum(OAM)configured chaotic laser(OAM-CCL)that allows access to high-security and massivecapacity optical communications.Combining 11 OAM modes and an all-optical feedback chaotic laser,we are able to theoretically empower a well-defined optical communication system with a total transmission capacity of 100 Gb∕s and a bit error rate below the forward error correction threshold 3.8×10^(-3).Furthermore,the OAM-CCL-based communication system is robust to 3D misalignment by resorting to appropriate mode spacing and beam waist.Finally,the conceptual paradigm of the OAM-CCL-based communication system is verified.In contrast to existing systems(traditional free-space optical communication or chaotic optical communication),the OAM-CCL-based communication system has threein-one characteristics of high security,massive capacity,and robustness.The findings demonstrate that this will promote the applicable settings of chaotic laser and provide an alternative promising route to guide high-security and massive-capacity optical communications.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1803500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61822509,62035009,61731014,61671316,61805170)+2 种基金the Shanxi Talent Program(201805D211027)the Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Innovative Team,the Program for Top Young and Middle-aged Innovative Talents of Shanxithe Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams.
文摘High-speed physical key distribution is diligently pursued for secure communication.In this paper,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of high-speed key distribution using mode-shift keying chaos synchronization between two multi-longitudinal-mode Fabry–Perot lasers commonly driven by a super-luminescent diode.Legitimate users dynamically select one of the longitudinal modes according to private control codes to achieve mode-shift keying chaos synchronization.The two remote chaotic light waveforms are quantized to generate two raw random bit streams,and then those bits corresponding to chaos synchronization are sifted as shared keys by comparing the control codes.In this method,the transition time,i.e.,the chaos synchronization recovery time is determined by the rising time of the control codes rather than the laser transition response time,so the key distribution rate is improved greatly.Our experiment achieved a 0.75-Gbit/s key distribution rate with a bit error rate of 3.8×10^(−3)over 160-km fiber transmission with dispersion compensation.The entropy rate of the laser chaos is evaluated as 16 Gbit/s,which determines the ultimate final key rate together with the key generation ratio.It is therefore believed that the method pays a way for Gbit/s physical key distribution.
基金European Regional Development Fund (2017/COL/007,82085)。
文摘Intermittent dynamics switching on the route to chaos in a discrete-mode laser with long time-delayed feedback is experimentally and numerically studied by analyzing the time series,power spectra,and phase portraits. The results show two types of dynamics switching:one or multiple times regular intermittent dynamics switching between stable state and square-wave envelope period-one oscillation within one feedback round time,and the irregular intermittent dynamics switching between stable state and quasi-periodic or multi-states or chaos with higher feedback ratio and bias currents. The relationship between the duty cycle of period-one oscillation and the feedback ratio has been analyzed. The map of the dynamics distribution in the parameter space of feedback ratio and bias current is plotted for a better understanding of dynamics evolution in long external cavity discrete-mode lasers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81730073,81872074。
文摘Background:Cancer metastasis and recurrence remain major challenges in renal carcinoma patient management.There are limited biomarkers to predict the metastatic probability of renal cancer,especially in the early-stage subgroup.Here,our study applied robust machine-learning algorithms to identify metastatic and recurrence-related signatures across multiple renal cancer cohorts,which reached high accuracy in both training and testing cohorts.Methods:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)patients with primary or metastatic site sequencing information from eight cohorts,including one outhouse cohort,were enrolled in this study.Three robust machine-learning algorithms were applied to identify metastatic signatures.Then,two distinct metastatic-related subtypes were identified and verified;matrix remodeling associated 5(MXRA5),as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target,was investigated in vivo and in vitro.Results:We identified five stable metastasis-related signatures(renin,integrin subunit beta-like 1,MXRA5,mesenchyme homeobox 2,and anoctamin 3)from multicenter cohorts.Additionally,we verified the specificity and sensibility of these signatures in external and out-house cohorts,which displayed a satisfactory consistency.According to these metastatic signatures,patients were grouped into two distinct and heterogeneous ccRCC subtypes named metastatic cancer subtype 1(MTCS1)and type 2(MTCS2).MTCS2 exhibited poorer clinical outcomes and metastatic tendencies than MTCS1.In addition,MTCS2 showed higher immune cell infiltration and immune signature expression but a lower response rate to immune blockade therapy than MTCS1.The MTCS2 subgroup was more sensitive to saracatinib,sunitinib,and several molecular targeted drugs.In addition,MTCS2 displayed a higher genome mutation burden and instability.Furthermore,we constructed a prognosis model based on subtype biomarkers,which performed well in training and validation cohorts.Finally,MXRA5,as a promising biomarker,significantly suppressed malignant ability,including the cell migration and proliferation of ccRCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions:This study identified five robust metastatic signatures and proposed two metastatic probability clusters with stratified prognoses,multiomics landscapes,and treatment options.The current work not only provided new insight into the heterogeneity of renal cancer but also shed light on optimizing decision‐making in immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
