Hepatocellular adenomas(HCA) are rare benign liver tumors.Recent technological advancements have helped in the early identification of such lesions.However,precise diagnosis of hepatocellular incidentalomas remains ch...Hepatocellular adenomas(HCA) are rare benign liver tumors.Recent technological advancements have helped in the early identification of such lesions.However,precise diagnosis of hepatocellular incidentalomas remains challenging.Studies at the molecular level have provided new insights into the genetics and pathophysiology of these lesions.These in turn have raised questions over their existing management modalities.However,the rarity of the tumor still restricts the quality of evidence available for current recommendations and guidelines.This article provides a comprehensive review on the etiology,molecular biology,pathophysiology,clinical manifestations,and complications associated with HCA.It also elaborates on the genetic advancements,existing diagnostic tools and current guidelines for management for such lesions.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)constitutes a group of heterogeneous malignant tumors emerging in the biliary tree[1].Based on their anatomical distribution,CCA is classified into perihilar cholangio-carcinoma(pCCA),distal cho...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)constitutes a group of heterogeneous malignant tumors emerging in the biliary tree[1].Based on their anatomical distribution,CCA is classified into perihilar cholangio-carcinoma(pCCA),distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)and intrahep-atic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)and they account for 60%-70%,20%-30%and 5%-10%of CCA,respectively.The past decade has seen a 2-fold increase in annual percentage change in incidence of iCCA in USA when compared to the prior three decades[2].展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular adenomas(HCA) are rare benign liver tumors.Recent technological advancements have helped in the early identification of such lesions.However,precise diagnosis of hepatocellular incidentalomas remains challenging.Studies at the molecular level have provided new insights into the genetics and pathophysiology of these lesions.These in turn have raised questions over their existing management modalities.However,the rarity of the tumor still restricts the quality of evidence available for current recommendations and guidelines.This article provides a comprehensive review on the etiology,molecular biology,pathophysiology,clinical manifestations,and complications associated with HCA.It also elaborates on the genetic advancements,existing diagnostic tools and current guidelines for management for such lesions.
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)constitutes a group of heterogeneous malignant tumors emerging in the biliary tree[1].Based on their anatomical distribution,CCA is classified into perihilar cholangio-carcinoma(pCCA),distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)and intrahep-atic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)and they account for 60%-70%,20%-30%and 5%-10%of CCA,respectively.The past decade has seen a 2-fold increase in annual percentage change in incidence of iCCA in USA when compared to the prior three decades[2].
