Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a prevalent infection across the world and is a major health concern linked to the crowding that occurs during the Hajj season. Objectives: To identify how prevalent St...Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a prevalent infection across the world and is a major health concern linked to the crowding that occurs during the Hajj season. Objectives: To identify how prevalent Streptococcus pyogenes is among Umrah visitors and pilgrims by comparing its presence before and after the visitors perform Umrah and hajj. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on Umrah visitors/pilgrims, for which their throat swabs were taken for assessing the upper respiratory tract infection’s carriage rate, particularly of Group A streptococci (GAS), after they arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj and Umrah rituals and befor their leaving. After collecting the swabs, they were inoculated on Columbia agar using 5% sheep blood and then incubated at 37˚C. VITEK 2 systems were used to identify the isolates. Results: Of the 979/613 Umrah visitors/pilgrims involved, before performing Umrah, their Streptococcus pyogenes percentage was 0.2% and it increased to 0.7 after performing Umrah. Further, the Streptococcus pyogenes percentage before and after performing Hajj was 0.3% and 1.1%, respectively. No statistical significance was found in the difference between the positive Streptococcus pyogenes found before and after performing Hajj and Umrah among Umrah visitors/pilgrims (p-value = 0.2). All bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone antibiotics (100%). Conclusion: The Streptococcus pyogeneshigh resistance to antibiotics combined with the lack of a vaccine poses a serious risk concerning the resulting infection spread and emphasizes the necessity of ensuring greater global surveillance of such epidemics.展开更多
Objective: To detect the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Gram negative bacilli at the Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in the western part of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the M...Objective: To detect the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Gram negative bacilli at the Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in the western part of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Microbiology department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makah city, Saudi Arabia. The clinical samples were collected from admitted patients in the wards, Intensive Care Units (ICUs), urology unit and surgery unit, these samples included blood, urine, sputum, pus and wound. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of all bacterial isolates were performed via the Vitek 2 Compact System. Results: Out of 4803 Gram negative bacterial bacilli were isolated, the prevalence rate of carbapenem resistance among these isolates was 2797/4803 (58.23%), and sensitivity rate was 2006/4803 (41.77%) of the total isolates. The rate of resistance to carbapenem was among Acinetobacter baumannii 1710 (99.13%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 575 (62.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 459 (38%) and Escherichia coli 56 (5.59%). The trend of carbapenem resistance among Gram negative bacterial isolates from 2013-2015 was 53.99%, 59.88% and 61.43% respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii rec-orded, the highest rate of carbapenem resistance through three year, 98.19%, 99.48% and 99.81% respectively and the lowest rate of resistance recorded with E. coli, 4.63%, 5.79% and 6.31% respectively.展开更多
文摘Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a prevalent infection across the world and is a major health concern linked to the crowding that occurs during the Hajj season. Objectives: To identify how prevalent Streptococcus pyogenes is among Umrah visitors and pilgrims by comparing its presence before and after the visitors perform Umrah and hajj. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on Umrah visitors/pilgrims, for which their throat swabs were taken for assessing the upper respiratory tract infection’s carriage rate, particularly of Group A streptococci (GAS), after they arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj and Umrah rituals and befor their leaving. After collecting the swabs, they were inoculated on Columbia agar using 5% sheep blood and then incubated at 37˚C. VITEK 2 systems were used to identify the isolates. Results: Of the 979/613 Umrah visitors/pilgrims involved, before performing Umrah, their Streptococcus pyogenes percentage was 0.2% and it increased to 0.7 after performing Umrah. Further, the Streptococcus pyogenes percentage before and after performing Hajj was 0.3% and 1.1%, respectively. No statistical significance was found in the difference between the positive Streptococcus pyogenes found before and after performing Hajj and Umrah among Umrah visitors/pilgrims (p-value = 0.2). All bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone antibiotics (100%). Conclusion: The Streptococcus pyogeneshigh resistance to antibiotics combined with the lack of a vaccine poses a serious risk concerning the resulting infection spread and emphasizes the necessity of ensuring greater global surveillance of such epidemics.
文摘Objective: To detect the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Gram negative bacilli at the Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in the western part of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Microbiology department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makah city, Saudi Arabia. The clinical samples were collected from admitted patients in the wards, Intensive Care Units (ICUs), urology unit and surgery unit, these samples included blood, urine, sputum, pus and wound. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of all bacterial isolates were performed via the Vitek 2 Compact System. Results: Out of 4803 Gram negative bacterial bacilli were isolated, the prevalence rate of carbapenem resistance among these isolates was 2797/4803 (58.23%), and sensitivity rate was 2006/4803 (41.77%) of the total isolates. The rate of resistance to carbapenem was among Acinetobacter baumannii 1710 (99.13%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 575 (62.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 459 (38%) and Escherichia coli 56 (5.59%). The trend of carbapenem resistance among Gram negative bacterial isolates from 2013-2015 was 53.99%, 59.88% and 61.43% respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii rec-orded, the highest rate of carbapenem resistance through three year, 98.19%, 99.48% and 99.81% respectively and the lowest rate of resistance recorded with E. coli, 4.63%, 5.79% and 6.31% respectively.
