The active compounds in herb drugs are mainly secondary metabolites, which are greatly influenced by external conditions. Particularly, light intensity has a great influence on the photosynthesis and accumulation of s...The active compounds in herb drugs are mainly secondary metabolites, which are greatly influenced by external conditions. Particularly, light intensity has a great influence on the photosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this study, the light intensity was changed, and the influence of the light intensity on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity and flavone contents of Lithocarpus litseifoliusp (Hance) Chun. was discussed. The results showed that (1) L. litseifolius is a typical heliophyte. As the light intensity decreased, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) all increased. However, the Chl a/b ratio gradually decreased. The daily variation of net photosynthetic rate changed from a double-peak curve under natural light to single-peak curve under 20% full light two shading nets. (2) As the light intensity decreased, the SOD and POD activities and the soluble proteins content decreased in the leaves. In contrast, the malondialdehyde content increased. (3) The flavone content was the highest in leaves at one shading nets 60% of full light, and the lowest occurred in leaves at two shading nets 20% of full light. A comprehensive analysis indicated that an appropriate shading could induce shade tolerance in the leaves of L. litseifolius, which promoted the accumulation of flavonoids. L. litseifolius should be planted in the lower position of sunny slope or the upper position of shady slope to increase the content of flavone in the leaves.展开更多
Background: Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post‐trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air pe...Background: Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post‐trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air permeability and moisture loss prevention which also play important roles in injury healing. Methods: In the present work, we prepared a hyaluronic acid‐poloxamer (HA‐POL) hydrogel and tested the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel on skin‐wound healing. Results: The HA‐POL hydrogel transformed from sol to gel at 30°C, close to body temperature, and had stable moisturizing properties. HA‐POL hydrogel promoted skin‐wound healing and increased protein accumulation in the wound area. HA‐POL hydrogel allowed greater air permeability than Band‐aid, a typical wound covering. Results from transwell assays showed that the HA‐POL hydrogel effectively isolated skin‐wounds from bacterial invasion. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the advantages of using HA‐POL gel materials in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the deadliest cancers due to its complexities,reoccurrence after surgical resection,metastasis and heterogeneity.In addition to sorafenib and lenvatinib for the treatment of HCC ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the deadliest cancers due to its complexities,reoccurrence after surgical resection,metastasis and heterogeneity.In addition to sorafenib and lenvatinib for the treatment of HCC approved by FDA,various strategies including transarterial chemoembolization,radiotherapy,locoregional therapy and chemotherapy have been investigated in clinics.Recently,cancer nanotechnology has got great attention for the treatment of various cancers including HCC.Both passive and active targetings are progressing at a steady rate.Herein,we describe the lessons learned from pathogenesis of HCC and the understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles used for the delivery of small molecules,monoclonal antibodies,miRNAs and peptides.Exploring current efficacy is to enhance tumor cell response of chemotherapy.It highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by nanotechnologies in contemporary hepatocellular carcinoma therapy,where personalized medicine is increasingly becoming the mainstay.Overall objective of this review is to enhance our understanding in the design and development of nanotechnology for treatment of HCC.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardotoxicity from recombinant human endostatin(rh-endostatin)combined with chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 12 cancer patients treated with rh- endostatin combined with chemotherapy were sel...OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardotoxicity from recombinant human endostatin(rh-endostatin)combined with chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 12 cancer patients treated with rh- endostatin combined with chemotherapy were selected,and their clinical data collected.Their symptoms,including cardiopalmus, chest distress,dyspnea and changes in their electrocardiogram (ECG),myocardium enzymogram and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),were observed during the drug treatment.These indicators were used for early diagnosis of cardiotoxicity. RESULTS Compared with a pre-therapeutic value,there was a significant increase in the CK-MB value at one week after starting the treatment as well as at the end of treatment(P<0.05).There was a significant change in the ECG at the end of treatment, compared to a pre-therapeutic condition(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference when comparing the pre-and post- therapeutic LVEF values. CONCLUSION It was recognized that mild cardiac adverse reactions exist in the regimen of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy.This therapy caused definite injury to the cardiac muscle,but cardiac functions were not obviously changed.CK-MB and ECG may be used as indicators for early monitoring cardiac toxicity.Vigilance against cardiac adverse reactions should be heightened during a course of rh-endostatin combined with chemotherapy.展开更多
Heavy metals usually exist stably as the species of organic complexes in high-salinity wastewater.Therefore,their effective removal is challenging,especially when the initial p H is neutral.Herein,a novel nitrogen dop...Heavy metals usually exist stably as the species of organic complexes in high-salinity wastewater.Therefore,their effective removal is challenging,especially when the initial p H is neutral.Herein,a novel nitrogen doped biomass-based composite(N-CMCS)was synthesized to remove the complexed heavy metal of Cr(Ⅲ)-carboxyl.The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅲ)-Citrate(Cr-Cit)by N-CMCS under neutral p H(7.0)and high-salinity(200 mmol/L NaCl)condition was up to 2.50 mmol/g.And the removal performance remained stable after 6 times of regeneration.Combined with species and characterizations analysis,electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding were the main mechanisms for N-CMCS to remove Cr(Ⅲ)-carboxyl complexes.Dynamic adsorption indicated N-CMCS column could treat about 1300BV simulated wastewater and 350 BV actual wastewater with the concentration of effluent lower than1.0 mg/L.Furthermore,N-CMCS could remove a variety of complexed heavy metal ions under neutral p H,indicating the great potential in practical application.展开更多
Hydrous iron oxide and hydrous aluminum oxide were loaded successfully onto a polymeric adsorbent(D301) to modify adsorbing materials(HIOD301 and HAOD301). The adsorptive equilibrium of atrazine was investigated in an...Hydrous iron oxide and hydrous aluminum oxide were loaded successfully onto a polymeric adsorbent(D301) to modify adsorbing materials(HIOD301 and HAOD301). The adsorptive equilibrium of atrazine was investigated in an aquatic environment using HIOD301 and HAOD301 under different experimental conditions. The results indicated that both HIOD301 and HAOD301 showed good adsorption capacities for atrazine at p H 4. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were used to study the interactions between the adsorbate and adsorbent.The adsorption kinetics of atrazine at different concentrations was well described in terms of a pseudosecond-order equation in regard to the correlation coefficients and adsorption capacity. The removal percentages of atrazine for HIOD301 and HAOD301 were still more than 95% in the presence of sodium chloride.展开更多
Breeders have focused on yellow-seeded Brassica napus (rapeseed) for its better quality com- pared with the black-seeded variety. Moreover, flavonoids have been associated with this kind of rapeseed. In this study, we...Breeders have focused on yellow-seeded Brassica napus (rapeseed) for its better quality com- pared with the black-seeded variety. Moreover, flavonoids have been associated with this kind of rapeseed. In this study, we applied lipid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spec- trometry (LC-ESI-MSn ) to compare flavonoids in developing seeds of natural black-seeded B. na- pus and yellow-seeded introgression lines selected from progenies of B. napus-Sinapis alba so- matic hybrids. Aside from the most abundant phenolic compounds (sinapine and sinapic acid) and 1, 2-disinapoylglucose, 16 different flavonoids were identified and quantified, including (-)- epicatechin, five monocharged oligomers of (-)-epicatechin ([DP 2]- , [DP 3]- , [DP 4] [DP 2]- B2 and [DP 2]- B5), quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin-dihexoside, kaempferol-sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin- sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin-hexoside-sulfate, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside. Most of the flavonoids accumulated with seed development, whereas some rapidly decreased during maturation. The content of these flavonoids was lower in the yellow-seeded materials than in the black seeds. In addition, variations of insoluble procyanidin oligomers and soluble phenolic acids were observed among both rapeseed varieties. Transcriptome changes of genes participating in the flavonoid pathway were discovered by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Consistent with flavonoid changes identified by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the expression of most genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was also downregulated.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has become the fourth predominant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,and HCC is still one of the worst prognoses for survival as it is poorly responsive to both chemotherapy and surg...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has become the fourth predominant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,and HCC is still one of the worst prognoses for survival as it is poorly responsive to both chemotherapy and surgical treatment due to drug resista nce and great toxic effects.Triptolide(TP),a key ingredient from the traditional Chinese medical herb,has been utilized to treat inflammation and antitumor for centuries.However,investigations of this potent agent have been met with only limited success due to the severe systemic toxicities in patients and low water solubility as well as its high toxicity over the past two decades.Herein,we reported the development of a reduction-responsive drug delive ry system loaded with TP fo r glutathione(GSH)-trigge red drug release for cancer therapy.With the GSH-sensitive TP loaded nanoparticles,the remarkable increases in tumor accumulation and amelioration of drug toxicity in animals are demonstrated,which is likely due to sustained stepwise release of active TP within cancer cells.Moreover,in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model of liver cancer,administration of tritolide nanoparticles enhances the antitumor efficacy relative to administration of free TP.These findings indicate that GSH-sensitive release of TP may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.展开更多
Clinical sorafenib treatment could activate C-X-C receptor type 4(CXCR4)/stromal source factor-1α(SDF-1α)axis to aggravate intra-tumoral hypoxia of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which further leads to progression,in...Clinical sorafenib treatment could activate C-X-C receptor type 4(CXCR4)/stromal source factor-1α(SDF-1α)axis to aggravate intra-tumoral hypoxia of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which further leads to progression,invasion,metastasis,and immunosuppression of tumors and in return causes resistance to sorafenib therapy.Therefore,a multi-functional oxygen delivery nanoplatform was rationally constructed based on an oxygen-saturated perfluorohexane(PFH)-cored liposome,with the CXCR4 antagonist LFC131 peptides modifying on the surface to simultaneously deliver sorafenib and the CSF1/CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397(named PFH@LSLP)for sorafenib-resistant HCC treatment.The PFH@LSLP was developed to overcome sorafenib resistance by syner-gistic effects of the following 3 roles:1)the O_(2)-saturated PFH core could alleviate the tumor hypoxia by O_(2) supply;2)the LFC131 peptide recognized the hypoxia-related overexpressed CXCR4 and then blocked SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis to re-sensitize the HCC cells to sorafenib;3)PLX3397 activated the immune responses via inhibiting the CSF1/CSF1R pathway in TAMs,further enhanced CD8^(+)T cell infiltration to reverse immunosuppression in tumors.Antitumor performance on H22 tumor-bearing mice and HCC patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX)model showed that PFH@LSLP could overcome sorafenib resistance by synergistic effect of hypoxia attenuation,resistance-related gene regulation,and immune-microenvironment modification.展开更多
The applications of natural polymeric flocculants due to their green feature has been recently received much more attention. In this work, the combined usages of a cationic starch-based coagulant and polyaluminum chlo...The applications of natural polymeric flocculants due to their green feature has been recently received much more attention. In this work, the combined usages of a cationic starch-based coagulant and polyaluminum chloride(PACl) were extensively evaluated for various addition sequences in the coagulation of both raw(surface water from the Jiuxiang River) and synthetic turbid water(two kaolin suspensions with different initial turbidities).Two typical cationic starch-based coagulants with different structures(St-G and St-E) were tried. In comparison to St-G, St-E and PACl used individually as well as St-G and St-E dosed after PACl, the combination of the starch-based coagulants fed before PACl showed higher turbidity removal efficiency, which featured not only less optimal doses of both inorganic and organic coagulants but also lower residual turbidity. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the particle size and its distribution in solution supernatants before and after coagulation by two starch-based coagulants and PACl, polymeric coagulants preferentially coagulate the small-sized colloids due to their distinct long-chain structures, but PACl preferentially coagulates the medium-sized ones. Thus, the medium-sized particles that were previously formed by the starch-based coagulants would be collectively and effectively removed by the subsequent addition of PACl. The addition sequence of the inorganic and organic coagulants in their combined usage is an important factor for improvement of the turbidity removal efficiency in practice.展开更多
In this study,a hydrophilic resin named GCHM was fabricated based on poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-codivinylbenzene),characterized,and applied as a solid-phase extraction(SPE)material.Up to 44 pharmaceuticals and personal ...In this study,a hydrophilic resin named GCHM was fabricated based on poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-codivinylbenzene),characterized,and applied as a solid-phase extraction(SPE)material.Up to 44 pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)belonging to 10 classes were recovered in environmental water samples.Different variables affecting extraction,such as adsorbent amount,sample pH,and loading speed,were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the average absolute recovgy of 44 PPCPs was 75.6%using GCHM,indicating a better performance than the commercial Oasis^HLB.SPE with home-made hydrophilic polymeric sorbent followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was validated,and the method achieved good linearity(r2>0.991,for all analytes).In addition,the method detection limits of target compounds ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 ng/L.The developed method was applied to determine PPCPs in 10 environmental water samples taken from the Yangtze River,Huaihe River,and Taihu Lake,1 groundwater sample from Changzhou in Jiangsu Province,1 wastewater sample from Xiamen and 2 seawater samples from the Jiulong River in Fujian Province,China.In these samples,22 compounds were determined at levels ranging from 0.5 to 1590 ng/L.展开更多
This paper analyzes dewatered sludge drying using the multifractal theory.The drying rates of cylindrical sludge with equal masses but different crosssectional diameters was studied,from which multifractal parameters ...This paper analyzes dewatered sludge drying using the multifractal theory.The drying rates of cylindrical sludge with equal masses but different crosssectional diameters was studied,from which multifractal parameters such as partition function and quality exponent were obtained.The parameters acquired were used to calculate the multifractal singularity spectrum and indicate the presence of multifractal characteristics.The smaller cross-sectional diameters of the sludge were found to be non-homogeneous,and required quantitative methods to analyze.展开更多
Background:Carotid cavernous fistula is a rare complication that is typically associated with head trauma and skull base fractures.The traumatic bilateral carotid cavernous fistula are significantly rarer.Case present...Background:Carotid cavernous fistula is a rare complication that is typically associated with head trauma and skull base fractures.The traumatic bilateral carotid cavernous fistula are significantly rarer.Case presentations:We report a case of a 61-year-old man presenting with unilateral exophthalmos,swollen eyelids,conjunctival congestion,and edema etiologically associated with severe trauma.Thereafter,the patient demonstrated symptoms of contralateral oculomotor nerve injury caused by skull base fracture,such as ptosis of eyelid,dilated pupils,and eye movement disorder,and was diagnosed with bilateral carotid cavernous fistula.Conclusions:The patient recovered after undergoing endovascular embolization of bilateral cavernous sinus fistulas.The patient demonstrated the classic symptoms of an extremely rare condition known as bilateral carotid cavernous fistula,in only one eye.Reporting and analyzing this case will help us elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this disease.展开更多
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three ...Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three types of anion exchange resins (AERs) and two types of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested for their control effects on DBP precursors, DBPs, and total organic halogen (TOX). The results showed that, for AER adsorption, the removal efficiencies of DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX increased with the increase of resin dose, and the strong basic macroporous anion exchange resin (M500MB) had the highest removal efficiencies. For NF, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at an operating pressure of 4 bar, and the membrane (NF90) with a smaller molecular weight cut-off, had a better control efficiency. However, AER adsorption was inefficient in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC);NF was inefficient in removing Br− resulting in insufficient control of Br-DBPs. Accordingly, a sequential approach of AER (M500MB) adsorption followed by NF (NF90) was developed to enhance the control efficiency of DBPs. Compared with single AER adsorption and single NF, the sequential approach further increased the removal efficiencies of DOC by 19.4%–101.9%, coupled with the high Br− removal efficiency of 92%, and thus improved the reduction of cyclic DBPs and TOX by 3.5%–4.9%, and 2.4%–8.4%, respectively;the sequential approach also reduced the cytotoxicity of the water sample by 66.4%.展开更多
An enhanced optimal velocity model(EOVM)that considers driving safety is established to alleviate traffic congestion and ensure driving safety.Time headway is introduced as a criterion for determining whether the car ...An enhanced optimal velocity model(EOVM)that considers driving safety is established to alleviate traffic congestion and ensure driving safety.Time headway is introduced as a criterion for determining whether the car is safe.When the time headway is less discussed to ensure the model's safety and maintain the following state.A stability analysis of the model was carried out to determine than the minimum time headway(TH_(min))or more than the most comfortable time headway(TH_(com)),the acceleration constraints are the stability conditions of the model.The EOVM is compared with the optimal velocity model(OVM)and fuzzy car-following model using the real dataset.Experiments show that the EOVM model has the smallest error in average,maximum and median with the real dataset.To confirm the model's safety,design fleet simulation experiments were conducted for three actual scenarios of starting,stopping and uniform process.展开更多
This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter(DOM) from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents(DBEs) with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin(NDMP).DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionize...This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter(DOM) from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents(DBEs) with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin(NDMP).DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight(MW)(<3 kDa) DOM fractions constituted a major portion(>50%) of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance(SUVA254),and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon(PAC). Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl(m/m)/1%NaOH(m/m),could improve desorption efficiency.展开更多
The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ionexchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency(80%–90%) was a...The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ionexchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency(80%–90%) was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaCl after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/(m3·day) at SO2-4-S/NO-3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaCl, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria(77.66%) was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes(12.23%) and Chlorobi(2.71%).展开更多
A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porou...A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.展开更多
文摘The active compounds in herb drugs are mainly secondary metabolites, which are greatly influenced by external conditions. Particularly, light intensity has a great influence on the photosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this study, the light intensity was changed, and the influence of the light intensity on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity and flavone contents of Lithocarpus litseifoliusp (Hance) Chun. was discussed. The results showed that (1) L. litseifolius is a typical heliophyte. As the light intensity decreased, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) all increased. However, the Chl a/b ratio gradually decreased. The daily variation of net photosynthetic rate changed from a double-peak curve under natural light to single-peak curve under 20% full light two shading nets. (2) As the light intensity decreased, the SOD and POD activities and the soluble proteins content decreased in the leaves. In contrast, the malondialdehyde content increased. (3) The flavone content was the highest in leaves at one shading nets 60% of full light, and the lowest occurred in leaves at two shading nets 20% of full light. A comprehensive analysis indicated that an appropriate shading could induce shade tolerance in the leaves of L. litseifolius, which promoted the accumulation of flavonoids. L. litseifolius should be planted in the lower position of sunny slope or the upper position of shady slope to increase the content of flavone in the leaves.
基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 7142131
文摘Background: Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post‐trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air permeability and moisture loss prevention which also play important roles in injury healing. Methods: In the present work, we prepared a hyaluronic acid‐poloxamer (HA‐POL) hydrogel and tested the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel on skin‐wound healing. Results: The HA‐POL hydrogel transformed from sol to gel at 30°C, close to body temperature, and had stable moisturizing properties. HA‐POL hydrogel promoted skin‐wound healing and increased protein accumulation in the wound area. HA‐POL hydrogel allowed greater air permeability than Band‐aid, a typical wound covering. Results from transwell assays showed that the HA‐POL hydrogel effectively isolated skin‐wounds from bacterial invasion. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the advantages of using HA‐POL gel materials in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants 81571799,81773193,81771929 and 81773642)
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the deadliest cancers due to its complexities,reoccurrence after surgical resection,metastasis and heterogeneity.In addition to sorafenib and lenvatinib for the treatment of HCC approved by FDA,various strategies including transarterial chemoembolization,radiotherapy,locoregional therapy and chemotherapy have been investigated in clinics.Recently,cancer nanotechnology has got great attention for the treatment of various cancers including HCC.Both passive and active targetings are progressing at a steady rate.Herein,we describe the lessons learned from pathogenesis of HCC and the understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles used for the delivery of small molecules,monoclonal antibodies,miRNAs and peptides.Exploring current efficacy is to enhance tumor cell response of chemotherapy.It highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by nanotechnologies in contemporary hepatocellular carcinoma therapy,where personalized medicine is increasingly becoming the mainstay.Overall objective of this review is to enhance our understanding in the design and development of nanotechnology for treatment of HCC.
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardotoxicity from recombinant human endostatin(rh-endostatin)combined with chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 12 cancer patients treated with rh- endostatin combined with chemotherapy were selected,and their clinical data collected.Their symptoms,including cardiopalmus, chest distress,dyspnea and changes in their electrocardiogram (ECG),myocardium enzymogram and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),were observed during the drug treatment.These indicators were used for early diagnosis of cardiotoxicity. RESULTS Compared with a pre-therapeutic value,there was a significant increase in the CK-MB value at one week after starting the treatment as well as at the end of treatment(P<0.05).There was a significant change in the ECG at the end of treatment, compared to a pre-therapeutic condition(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference when comparing the pre-and post- therapeutic LVEF values. CONCLUSION It was recognized that mild cardiac adverse reactions exist in the regimen of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy.This therapy caused definite injury to the cardiac muscle,but cardiac functions were not obviously changed.CK-MB and ECG may be used as indicators for early monitoring cardiac toxicity.Vigilance against cardiac adverse reactions should be heightened during a course of rh-endostatin combined with chemotherapy.
基金the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51522805)。
文摘Heavy metals usually exist stably as the species of organic complexes in high-salinity wastewater.Therefore,their effective removal is challenging,especially when the initial p H is neutral.Herein,a novel nitrogen doped biomass-based composite(N-CMCS)was synthesized to remove the complexed heavy metal of Cr(Ⅲ)-carboxyl.The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅲ)-Citrate(Cr-Cit)by N-CMCS under neutral p H(7.0)and high-salinity(200 mmol/L NaCl)condition was up to 2.50 mmol/g.And the removal performance remained stable after 6 times of regeneration.Combined with species and characterizations analysis,electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding were the main mechanisms for N-CMCS to remove Cr(Ⅲ)-carboxyl complexes.Dynamic adsorption indicated N-CMCS column could treat about 1300BV simulated wastewater and 350 BV actual wastewater with the concentration of effluent lower than1.0 mg/L.Furthermore,N-CMCS could remove a variety of complexed heavy metal ions under neutral p H,indicating the great potential in practical application.
基金Supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars,Innovative Research Team in University,NSFC(Nos.51438008 and 21276027)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2015BL031)+2 种基金Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province,China(Nos.J14LC05 and J15LD04)Key Research and Development Plan Project of Shandong Province,China(2015GGX104012)the Natural Science Foundation of Binzhou University,China(No.BZXYG1406)
文摘Hydrous iron oxide and hydrous aluminum oxide were loaded successfully onto a polymeric adsorbent(D301) to modify adsorbing materials(HIOD301 and HAOD301). The adsorptive equilibrium of atrazine was investigated in an aquatic environment using HIOD301 and HAOD301 under different experimental conditions. The results indicated that both HIOD301 and HAOD301 showed good adsorption capacities for atrazine at p H 4. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were used to study the interactions between the adsorbate and adsorbent.The adsorption kinetics of atrazine at different concentrations was well described in terms of a pseudosecond-order equation in regard to the correlation coefficients and adsorption capacity. The removal percentages of atrazine for HIOD301 and HAOD301 were still more than 95% in the presence of sodium chloride.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971812, 31171581)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions+2 种基金the Program of International S&T Cooperation of China (1021)the project of Jiangsu Province (BK2012691, CXLX11_0998)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20123250110009)
文摘Breeders have focused on yellow-seeded Brassica napus (rapeseed) for its better quality com- pared with the black-seeded variety. Moreover, flavonoids have been associated with this kind of rapeseed. In this study, we applied lipid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spec- trometry (LC-ESI-MSn ) to compare flavonoids in developing seeds of natural black-seeded B. na- pus and yellow-seeded introgression lines selected from progenies of B. napus-Sinapis alba so- matic hybrids. Aside from the most abundant phenolic compounds (sinapine and sinapic acid) and 1, 2-disinapoylglucose, 16 different flavonoids were identified and quantified, including (-)- epicatechin, five monocharged oligomers of (-)-epicatechin ([DP 2]- , [DP 3]- , [DP 4] [DP 2]- B2 and [DP 2]- B5), quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin-dihexoside, kaempferol-sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin- sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin-hexoside-sulfate, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside. Most of the flavonoids accumulated with seed development, whereas some rapidly decreased during maturation. The content of these flavonoids was lower in the yellow-seeded materials than in the black seeds. In addition, variations of insoluble procyanidin oligomers and soluble phenolic acids were observed among both rapeseed varieties. Transcriptome changes of genes participating in the flavonoid pathway were discovered by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Consistent with flavonoid changes identified by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the expression of most genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was also downregulated.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81572797,81701817)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515011619)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2016A030311015)Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(No.JCYJ20180507183842516)。
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has become the fourth predominant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,and HCC is still one of the worst prognoses for survival as it is poorly responsive to both chemotherapy and surgical treatment due to drug resista nce and great toxic effects.Triptolide(TP),a key ingredient from the traditional Chinese medical herb,has been utilized to treat inflammation and antitumor for centuries.However,investigations of this potent agent have been met with only limited success due to the severe systemic toxicities in patients and low water solubility as well as its high toxicity over the past two decades.Herein,we reported the development of a reduction-responsive drug delive ry system loaded with TP fo r glutathione(GSH)-trigge red drug release for cancer therapy.With the GSH-sensitive TP loaded nanoparticles,the remarkable increases in tumor accumulation and amelioration of drug toxicity in animals are demonstrated,which is likely due to sustained stepwise release of active TP within cancer cells.Moreover,in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model of liver cancer,administration of tritolide nanoparticles enhances the antitumor efficacy relative to administration of free TP.These findings indicate that GSH-sensitive release of TP may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
基金This research was financially supported by GDNRC[Guangdong nature resource center](2020)037the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773642,52073139)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515011619 and 2019A1515011498)Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety,National Center for Nanoscience and Technology,CAS(NSKF201819)Project of Traditional Chinese Medi-cine Bureau of Guangdong Province,China(NO.20203006)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(NO.202002030075).
文摘Clinical sorafenib treatment could activate C-X-C receptor type 4(CXCR4)/stromal source factor-1α(SDF-1α)axis to aggravate intra-tumoral hypoxia of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which further leads to progression,invasion,metastasis,and immunosuppression of tumors and in return causes resistance to sorafenib therapy.Therefore,a multi-functional oxygen delivery nanoplatform was rationally constructed based on an oxygen-saturated perfluorohexane(PFH)-cored liposome,with the CXCR4 antagonist LFC131 peptides modifying on the surface to simultaneously deliver sorafenib and the CSF1/CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397(named PFH@LSLP)for sorafenib-resistant HCC treatment.The PFH@LSLP was developed to overcome sorafenib resistance by syner-gistic effects of the following 3 roles:1)the O_(2)-saturated PFH core could alleviate the tumor hypoxia by O_(2) supply;2)the LFC131 peptide recognized the hypoxia-related overexpressed CXCR4 and then blocked SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis to re-sensitize the HCC cells to sorafenib;3)PLX3397 activated the immune responses via inhibiting the CSF1/CSF1R pathway in TAMs,further enhanced CD8^(+)T cell infiltration to reverse immunosuppression in tumors.Antitumor performance on H22 tumor-bearing mice and HCC patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX)model showed that PFH@LSLP could overcome sorafenib resistance by synergistic effect of hypoxia attenuation,resistance-related gene regulation,and immune-microenvironment modification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778279 and 51438008)
文摘The applications of natural polymeric flocculants due to their green feature has been recently received much more attention. In this work, the combined usages of a cationic starch-based coagulant and polyaluminum chloride(PACl) were extensively evaluated for various addition sequences in the coagulation of both raw(surface water from the Jiuxiang River) and synthetic turbid water(two kaolin suspensions with different initial turbidities).Two typical cationic starch-based coagulants with different structures(St-G and St-E) were tried. In comparison to St-G, St-E and PACl used individually as well as St-G and St-E dosed after PACl, the combination of the starch-based coagulants fed before PACl showed higher turbidity removal efficiency, which featured not only less optimal doses of both inorganic and organic coagulants but also lower residual turbidity. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the particle size and its distribution in solution supernatants before and after coagulation by two starch-based coagulants and PACl, polymeric coagulants preferentially coagulate the small-sized colloids due to their distinct long-chain structures, but PACl preferentially coagulates the medium-sized ones. Thus, the medium-sized particles that were previously formed by the starch-based coagulants would be collectively and effectively removed by the subsequent addition of PACl. The addition sequence of the inorganic and organic coagulants in their combined usage is an important factor for improvement of the turbidity removal efficiency in practice.
基金Authors gratefully acknowledge the generous support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0112300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51678290,51438008 and 51778281)+3 种基金Jiangsu Natural Science Fund,China(No.B K 20171342)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline(Laboratory)of China(No.Z D X K A 2016008)Jiangsu Preventive Medicine Project of China(No.Y2018081)The authors also thank Dr.Zhe Wang from Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)for his support on this project.
文摘In this study,a hydrophilic resin named GCHM was fabricated based on poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-codivinylbenzene),characterized,and applied as a solid-phase extraction(SPE)material.Up to 44 pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)belonging to 10 classes were recovered in environmental water samples.Different variables affecting extraction,such as adsorbent amount,sample pH,and loading speed,were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the average absolute recovgy of 44 PPCPs was 75.6%using GCHM,indicating a better performance than the commercial Oasis^HLB.SPE with home-made hydrophilic polymeric sorbent followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was validated,and the method achieved good linearity(r2>0.991,for all analytes).In addition,the method detection limits of target compounds ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 ng/L.The developed method was applied to determine PPCPs in 10 environmental water samples taken from the Yangtze River,Huaihe River,and Taihu Lake,1 groundwater sample from Changzhou in Jiangsu Province,1 wastewater sample from Xiamen and 2 seawater samples from the Jiulong River in Fujian Province,China.In these samples,22 compounds were determined at levels ranging from 0.5 to 1590 ng/L.
文摘This paper analyzes dewatered sludge drying using the multifractal theory.The drying rates of cylindrical sludge with equal masses but different crosssectional diameters was studied,from which multifractal parameters such as partition function and quality exponent were obtained.The parameters acquired were used to calculate the multifractal singularity spectrum and indicate the presence of multifractal characteristics.The smaller cross-sectional diameters of the sludge were found to be non-homogeneous,and required quantitative methods to analyze.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Program in Jiangsu Province(to Jingshan Liang,grant number:SBSH01).
文摘Background:Carotid cavernous fistula is a rare complication that is typically associated with head trauma and skull base fractures.The traumatic bilateral carotid cavernous fistula are significantly rarer.Case presentations:We report a case of a 61-year-old man presenting with unilateral exophthalmos,swollen eyelids,conjunctival congestion,and edema etiologically associated with severe trauma.Thereafter,the patient demonstrated symptoms of contralateral oculomotor nerve injury caused by skull base fracture,such as ptosis of eyelid,dilated pupils,and eye movement disorder,and was diagnosed with bilateral carotid cavernous fistula.Conclusions:The patient recovered after undergoing endovascular embolization of bilateral cavernous sinus fistulas.The patient demonstrated the classic symptoms of an extremely rare condition known as bilateral carotid cavernous fistula,in only one eye.Reporting and analyzing this case will help us elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176089 and 52270072)funding from the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(China)(No.PCRR-ZZ-202103).
文摘Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three types of anion exchange resins (AERs) and two types of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested for their control effects on DBP precursors, DBPs, and total organic halogen (TOX). The results showed that, for AER adsorption, the removal efficiencies of DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX increased with the increase of resin dose, and the strong basic macroporous anion exchange resin (M500MB) had the highest removal efficiencies. For NF, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at an operating pressure of 4 bar, and the membrane (NF90) with a smaller molecular weight cut-off, had a better control efficiency. However, AER adsorption was inefficient in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC);NF was inefficient in removing Br− resulting in insufficient control of Br-DBPs. Accordingly, a sequential approach of AER (M500MB) adsorption followed by NF (NF90) was developed to enhance the control efficiency of DBPs. Compared with single AER adsorption and single NF, the sequential approach further increased the removal efficiencies of DOC by 19.4%–101.9%, coupled with the high Br− removal efficiency of 92%, and thus improved the reduction of cyclic DBPs and TOX by 3.5%–4.9%, and 2.4%–8.4%, respectively;the sequential approach also reduced the cytotoxicity of the water sample by 66.4%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation international cooperation and exchange projects(Grant No.62120106011)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021JM-347)+2 种基金the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education special project(Grant No.21JC026)the general project of the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019GY-032)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021JM-347).
文摘An enhanced optimal velocity model(EOVM)that considers driving safety is established to alleviate traffic congestion and ensure driving safety.Time headway is introduced as a criterion for determining whether the car is safe.When the time headway is less discussed to ensure the model's safety and maintain the following state.A stability analysis of the model was carried out to determine than the minimum time headway(TH_(min))or more than the most comfortable time headway(TH_(com)),the acceleration constraints are the stability conditions of the model.The EOVM is compared with the optimal velocity model(OVM)and fuzzy car-following model using the real dataset.Experiments show that the EOVM model has the smallest error in average,maximum and median with the real dataset.To confirm the model's safety,design fleet simulation experiments were conducted for three actual scenarios of starting,stopping and uniform process.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Nos.51208249,51290282)Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51178215,51308283)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Nature Science Fund,China (Nos.BK2010006,BK2011032)the Joint Innovation Project for Production-Study-Research in Jiangsu Province,China (No.BY2013061)
文摘This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter(DOM) from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents(DBEs) with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin(NDMP).DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight(MW)(<3 kDa) DOM fractions constituted a major portion(>50%) of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance(SUVA254),and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon(PAC). Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl(m/m)/1%NaOH(m/m),could improve desorption efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51178215,51378251)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.BK2011032,BK20130575)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2010GQC0106)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(No.PCRRF12006)
文摘The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ionexchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency(80%–90%) was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaCl after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/(m3·day) at SO2-4-S/NO-3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaCl, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria(77.66%) was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes(12.23%) and Chlorobi(2.71%).
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars Innovative Research Team in Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51178215)
文摘A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.
