Background: Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies used in cervical cancer. The first radiotherapy services in Cameroon have existed since 1987 and still treat by conventional radiation techniques. Wit...Background: Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies used in cervical cancer. The first radiotherapy services in Cameroon have existed since 1987 and still treat by conventional radiation techniques. With the evolution of radiation techniques, acute, subacute, and late complications are minimized. Our study aimed to describe the profile of side effects in patients with uterine cervix cancer treated by conventional radiotherapy, still used in our services. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of the records of patients treated in the radiotherapy department of the Douala General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Data concerning radiation-induced toxicities were collected using the CTCAE Version 4.0 classification. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 270 records were selected. The median age was 54 years. The mean total radiation dose was 55.9 ± 11.8 Gy and 71.1% of patients were treated for less than 8 weeks. We found a frequency of 66.7% of radio-induced lesions with 99% being acute. The main acute lesions encountered were radio dermatitis (40%), radiation cystitis (17.7%), and radiation proctitis (17.1%). As late lesions, we found one case of vaginal fibrosis (0.4%). Exclusive radiotherapy, classical fractionation, and total doses lower than 45 Gy seemed to decrease the toxicity linked to conventional radiotherapy. Conclusion: The frequency of side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the Douala General Hospital remains high. Early lesions are the most encountered but strategies should be put in place to better evaluate late lesions.展开更多
Research for bioactive molecules and not resistant to infectious agents remains topical for science. The total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TFv) of the hydroethanolic extracts and fractions obtained were qu...Research for bioactive molecules and not resistant to infectious agents remains topical for science. The total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TFv) of the hydroethanolic extracts and fractions obtained were quantified according to the spectrophotometric method described in the literature using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the colorless solutions of sodium nitrite 2.5% and aluminum chloride 10% respectively. The characterization of chemical compounds was made by coupling liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Thus, 15 chemical compounds were characterized, seven from Gnetum africanum (EBa) and eight from Gnetum buchholzianum (EBb). The majority of which were stilbens, such as Gnetupendin D, Dimethoxygnetulin, Methoxyparvifolol D, Isorhaponcitin from Eba and Gnetuhaidin P, Gnetupendin D, Gnetuhainin C, phenols (Alcohol Homovanillyl, Alcohol Erythro guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl, and Alcohol Homovanillyl from EBb. The minority were flavonoids such as Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Dimethoxyeriodictyol (EBa) and Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Trimethoxyluteolin (EBb). The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content were respectively 14.520 ± 0.557 mg EAA/g Extract and 29.870 ± 2.485 mg EQ/g Extract for EBa. The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content for EBb were respectively 4.560 ± 0.010 mg EAA/g Extract and 2.233 ± 0.251 mg EQ/g Extract. The high levels of flavonoids content respectively 220.200 ± 35.500 and 335.300 ± 57.810 mg EQ/g Extract were shown in Dichlorometan fraction from EBa and EBb. These bioactive compounds identified and total phenolics compounds quantified can be exploited in pharmacological and pharmacokinetical activities to fight against multi-resistant infectious agents and as well as oxidative stress and antiinflammatory diseases.展开更多
In this work, a method to reduce increase in optical density (OD) caused by multiple scanning in radiochromic film dosimetry in combination with a flatbed scanner is presented. Gafchromic EBT3 films are scanned with E...In this work, a method to reduce increase in optical density (OD) caused by multiple scanning in radiochromic film dosimetry in combination with a flatbed scanner is presented. Gafchromic EBT3 films are scanned with Epson Pro 1680 Expression scanner and time intervals of 15 minutes and 30 minutes are observed between consecutive scans to reduce the increase in temperature of the scanner. The maximum variations in OD after consecutive scans are calculated and compared to the values obtained for scans without interruption. For film irradiated to 3 Gy, a time interval of 15 minutes between two successive scans leads to a reduction of the OD increase of 56.2% compared to when films are scanned without interruption. Reductions of OD increase of 86.72% and 78.72% respectively for film irradiated to 1 Gy and 2 Gy are obtained when a time interval of 30 minutes is left between two successive scans. These results show that when time intervals are observed between consecutive scans, the increase in OD has significantly reduced. However, the method has the drawback of increasing the time needed to perform radiochromic film dosimetry.展开更多
The diagnosis and management of cerebral gliomas are challenging. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pattern of cerebral gliomas at the General Hospital Douala, Cameroon. A retrospective study was carried out ...The diagnosis and management of cerebral gliomas are challenging. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pattern of cerebral gliomas at the General Hospital Douala, Cameroon. A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 10 years. Non-glial lesions were not included. Data were analyzed with Epi info version 7.2.2.6 (Microsoft, Seattle, USA). 220 cases of brain tumors, comprising 56 gliomas (25.46% of all brain tumors) were managed during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 42.93 ± 16.90 years. 35 cases (62.5%) were males. Patients over 15 years of age represented 91.07% (n = 51) of the cases. The most frequent presenting complaints were headache and vomiting with 52 cases (92.86%) and 47 cases (83.93%) respectively. Brain computed tomography was done for all patients. The most frequent histological type was astrocytoma with 22 cases (39.29%) followed by glioblastoma with 20 cases (35.71%). The most performed surgical technique was partial removal with 33 cases (58.93%), followed by open biopsy with 14 cases (25.00%). Radiotherapy was administered to 54 patients (96.43%). The outcome ranged from full recovery in 8 cases (14.29%), recovery with persisting symptoms, in 15 cases (26.79%) and death in 26 cases (46.43%). Seven patients (12.50%) were lost to view. In this series, cerebral gliomas affected most often adult males. Most of them presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure. The outcome was poor with 46.43% of patients dying before 2 years after diagnosis.展开更多
This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the t...This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical, tissue, and histopathological analyses respectively. The analyses revealed insignificant variations at the 5% probability threshold of the weight growth of experimental animals. These variations were found to be statistically significant at the same probability for biochemical and tissue parameters based on the dose of plant extracts and compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed leukodate infiltration that indicates extract-induced inflammation of the hepatocytes at the 400 mg/kg dose of body weight in females. However, this infiltration of the cells would have improved the regeneration of hepatocytes justified by the normal rate of transaminases. These results showed that combinations of hydroethanolic extracts of G. africanum and G. buchholzianumare non-toxicand may be potential candidates in the Cameroonian flora medicinal plant database shown in the monitoring of oxidative stress-related diseases.展开更多
文摘Background: Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies used in cervical cancer. The first radiotherapy services in Cameroon have existed since 1987 and still treat by conventional radiation techniques. With the evolution of radiation techniques, acute, subacute, and late complications are minimized. Our study aimed to describe the profile of side effects in patients with uterine cervix cancer treated by conventional radiotherapy, still used in our services. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of the records of patients treated in the radiotherapy department of the Douala General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Data concerning radiation-induced toxicities were collected using the CTCAE Version 4.0 classification. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 270 records were selected. The median age was 54 years. The mean total radiation dose was 55.9 ± 11.8 Gy and 71.1% of patients were treated for less than 8 weeks. We found a frequency of 66.7% of radio-induced lesions with 99% being acute. The main acute lesions encountered were radio dermatitis (40%), radiation cystitis (17.7%), and radiation proctitis (17.1%). As late lesions, we found one case of vaginal fibrosis (0.4%). Exclusive radiotherapy, classical fractionation, and total doses lower than 45 Gy seemed to decrease the toxicity linked to conventional radiotherapy. Conclusion: The frequency of side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the Douala General Hospital remains high. Early lesions are the most encountered but strategies should be put in place to better evaluate late lesions.
文摘Research for bioactive molecules and not resistant to infectious agents remains topical for science. The total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TFv) of the hydroethanolic extracts and fractions obtained were quantified according to the spectrophotometric method described in the literature using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the colorless solutions of sodium nitrite 2.5% and aluminum chloride 10% respectively. The characterization of chemical compounds was made by coupling liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Thus, 15 chemical compounds were characterized, seven from Gnetum africanum (EBa) and eight from Gnetum buchholzianum (EBb). The majority of which were stilbens, such as Gnetupendin D, Dimethoxygnetulin, Methoxyparvifolol D, Isorhaponcitin from Eba and Gnetuhaidin P, Gnetupendin D, Gnetuhainin C, phenols (Alcohol Homovanillyl, Alcohol Erythro guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl, and Alcohol Homovanillyl from EBb. The minority were flavonoids such as Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Dimethoxyeriodictyol (EBa) and Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Trimethoxyluteolin (EBb). The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content were respectively 14.520 ± 0.557 mg EAA/g Extract and 29.870 ± 2.485 mg EQ/g Extract for EBa. The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content for EBb were respectively 4.560 ± 0.010 mg EAA/g Extract and 2.233 ± 0.251 mg EQ/g Extract. The high levels of flavonoids content respectively 220.200 ± 35.500 and 335.300 ± 57.810 mg EQ/g Extract were shown in Dichlorometan fraction from EBa and EBb. These bioactive compounds identified and total phenolics compounds quantified can be exploited in pharmacological and pharmacokinetical activities to fight against multi-resistant infectious agents and as well as oxidative stress and antiinflammatory diseases.
文摘In this work, a method to reduce increase in optical density (OD) caused by multiple scanning in radiochromic film dosimetry in combination with a flatbed scanner is presented. Gafchromic EBT3 films are scanned with Epson Pro 1680 Expression scanner and time intervals of 15 minutes and 30 minutes are observed between consecutive scans to reduce the increase in temperature of the scanner. The maximum variations in OD after consecutive scans are calculated and compared to the values obtained for scans without interruption. For film irradiated to 3 Gy, a time interval of 15 minutes between two successive scans leads to a reduction of the OD increase of 56.2% compared to when films are scanned without interruption. Reductions of OD increase of 86.72% and 78.72% respectively for film irradiated to 1 Gy and 2 Gy are obtained when a time interval of 30 minutes is left between two successive scans. These results show that when time intervals are observed between consecutive scans, the increase in OD has significantly reduced. However, the method has the drawback of increasing the time needed to perform radiochromic film dosimetry.
文摘The diagnosis and management of cerebral gliomas are challenging. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pattern of cerebral gliomas at the General Hospital Douala, Cameroon. A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 10 years. Non-glial lesions were not included. Data were analyzed with Epi info version 7.2.2.6 (Microsoft, Seattle, USA). 220 cases of brain tumors, comprising 56 gliomas (25.46% of all brain tumors) were managed during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 42.93 ± 16.90 years. 35 cases (62.5%) were males. Patients over 15 years of age represented 91.07% (n = 51) of the cases. The most frequent presenting complaints were headache and vomiting with 52 cases (92.86%) and 47 cases (83.93%) respectively. Brain computed tomography was done for all patients. The most frequent histological type was astrocytoma with 22 cases (39.29%) followed by glioblastoma with 20 cases (35.71%). The most performed surgical technique was partial removal with 33 cases (58.93%), followed by open biopsy with 14 cases (25.00%). Radiotherapy was administered to 54 patients (96.43%). The outcome ranged from full recovery in 8 cases (14.29%), recovery with persisting symptoms, in 15 cases (26.79%) and death in 26 cases (46.43%). Seven patients (12.50%) were lost to view. In this series, cerebral gliomas affected most often adult males. Most of them presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure. The outcome was poor with 46.43% of patients dying before 2 years after diagnosis.
文摘This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical, tissue, and histopathological analyses respectively. The analyses revealed insignificant variations at the 5% probability threshold of the weight growth of experimental animals. These variations were found to be statistically significant at the same probability for biochemical and tissue parameters based on the dose of plant extracts and compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed leukodate infiltration that indicates extract-induced inflammation of the hepatocytes at the 400 mg/kg dose of body weight in females. However, this infiltration of the cells would have improved the regeneration of hepatocytes justified by the normal rate of transaminases. These results showed that combinations of hydroethanolic extracts of G. africanum and G. buchholzianumare non-toxicand may be potential candidates in the Cameroonian flora medicinal plant database shown in the monitoring of oxidative stress-related diseases.
