The prediction of the distribution of quantitative variables in a forest stand is of great interest to forest managers, for the evaluation of forest resources and scheduling of future silvicultural treatments. The aim...The prediction of the distribution of quantitative variables in a forest stand is of great interest to forest managers, for the evaluation of forest resources and scheduling of future silvicultural treatments. The aim of this research was to model the distribution of quantitative variables for Quercus persica in open forests in Iran. To investigate the probability distribution of trees in natural stands, 642 trees were selected for measurement using a systematic random sampling method. Selected trees were measured and data were analyzed. Gamma, beta, normal,lognormal, exponential and Weibull probability distributions were fitted to the height distribution of trees. Variables of distribution functions were estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Actual probability and probability which derived from functions was compared using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling tests. Beta, Weibull and Weibull probability distributions explained the distributions of tree height, DBH and crown area.展开更多
Persian oak(Quercus brantii var.persica)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western Iran.However,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied.We selected ...Persian oak(Quercus brantii var.persica)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western Iran.However,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied.We selected three types of oak,i.e.,seed-originated oak,coppice oak and mixed(seed-originated and coppice)oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley,Ilam Province,Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in 2018.Thirty plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of oak.Quantitative characteristics of trees,such as diameter at breast height(DBH),height,crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were measured.Then,aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB),aboveground carbon stock(AGCS)and belowground carbon stock(BGCS)of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric equations.The litterfall biomass(LFB)and litterfall carbon stock(LFCS)were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each plot.One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of oak.Results showed that AGB,BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of oak.The highest values of AGB,AGCS,BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25,14,725.55,36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2,respectively.Also,the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of oak.The results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros forests.Further conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran.展开更多
It is important to understand seasonal heavy metal accumulation in different parts of plants in order to develop the best phytoremediation practices for con- taminated soils. For this purpose we exposed, 1 year old A....It is important to understand seasonal heavy metal accumulation in different parts of plants in order to develop the best phytoremediation practices for con- taminated soils. For this purpose we exposed, 1 year old A. victoriae seedlings to ZnSO4 in 4 different concentrations： 0, 50, 250 and 500 mg Zn L-1 for 45 days over two growing seasons. Subsequently, bioaccumulation of Zn in different plant tissues （roots, shoots and leafs） was assessed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy （AAS） for two peri- ods. In addition, various growth attributes （dry biomass, shoot and root lengths, plant appearance） and functional traits （leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total） were measured. The accumulation of Zn was influenced by the Zn con- centration in the growth medium and the number of growing seasons. The amounts of Zn concentrated in the root tissues might indicate A. victoriae as a good option for phytostabilization of soils contaminated by Zn. We rec- ommend that if A. victoriae is used for phytoextraction purposes, then it should be harvested at the end of the first growing season （fall） because at this time the concentra- tions of Zn in the above-ground parts will be maximal.展开更多
Sixteen Afshari male lambs (mean live weight 35 ± 1.21 kg, 10 month of age) were used to study the effect of different levels of pistachio epicarp silage (0%, 8%, 17% and 25%) on wool characteristics. The fleece ...Sixteen Afshari male lambs (mean live weight 35 ± 1.21 kg, 10 month of age) were used to study the effect of different levels of pistachio epicarp silage (0%, 8%, 17% and 25%) on wool characteristics. The fleece weight (FW), staple length on shoulder (STS), flank (STF), back (STB) and rump (STR), true wool fiber (TW), modulated fiber (MF), kemp fiber (KF) percentage, mean wool fiber diameter (MD) and its coefficient variation (CVMD), breaking load (BL), wool tenacity (WT) and extension (E) were measured. These data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SAS software package. The total mean of FW, STS, STB, STF STR;TW, MF, KF, MD, CVMD, BL, WT and E of wool were 1622.2 ± 0.2 gr, 6.20 ± 0.26 cm, 6.80 ± 0.20 cm, 6.50 ± 0.20 cm, 6.90 ± 0.20 cm, 63.30 ± 1.6 mu, 8.30 ± 1.6 mu, 28.40% ± 2.5%, 37.0 ± 0.9 mu, 47.02% ± 2.99%, 7.60 ± 0.3 kgf, 3.40 ± 0.2 gf/tex and 31.1% ± 1.7% respectively, although there was significant difference among treatments on FW, MF, KF, MD, BL and WT. The results showed that feeding lambs with 25% pistachio epicarp silage of total dry matter intake affected wool characteristics and its effect was similar with the control group.展开更多
One of the most important physicochemical properties of meat is its tenderness.The impact of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum ) extract and ultrasound on meat quality and molecular weight distribution of Longissimus lumborum...One of the most important physicochemical properties of meat is its tenderness.The impact of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum ) extract and ultrasound on meat quality and molecular weight distribution of Longissimus lumborum muscles was studied.Samples have been treated with ultrasound (100 and 300 W during 10,20,and 30 min) and Leek-derived exogenous proteases (16.9 and 33.8U/g) simultaneously and separately.The combined effect of enzyme and ultrasound in 10 and 20 min increased the pH value.It was also increased the proteolytic activity of meat.Regarding meat quality,the filtering residues,cooking loss,shear force,and hardness were reduced;water-binding capacity,emulsion capacity,and emulsion stability were improved.The electrophoretic pattern of myofibrillar proteins showed the muscle fibers were severely degraded in the combined treatments.It can be concluded that this process could be used as an alternative to the chemical tenderizing agents in the meat industry.展开更多
文摘The prediction of the distribution of quantitative variables in a forest stand is of great interest to forest managers, for the evaluation of forest resources and scheduling of future silvicultural treatments. The aim of this research was to model the distribution of quantitative variables for Quercus persica in open forests in Iran. To investigate the probability distribution of trees in natural stands, 642 trees were selected for measurement using a systematic random sampling method. Selected trees were measured and data were analyzed. Gamma, beta, normal,lognormal, exponential and Weibull probability distributions were fitted to the height distribution of trees. Variables of distribution functions were estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Actual probability and probability which derived from functions was compared using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling tests. Beta, Weibull and Weibull probability distributions explained the distributions of tree height, DBH and crown area.
文摘Persian oak(Quercus brantii var.persica)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western Iran.However,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied.We selected three types of oak,i.e.,seed-originated oak,coppice oak and mixed(seed-originated and coppice)oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley,Ilam Province,Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in 2018.Thirty plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of oak.Quantitative characteristics of trees,such as diameter at breast height(DBH),height,crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were measured.Then,aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB),aboveground carbon stock(AGCS)and belowground carbon stock(BGCS)of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric equations.The litterfall biomass(LFB)and litterfall carbon stock(LFCS)were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each plot.One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of oak.Results showed that AGB,BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of oak.The highest values of AGB,AGCS,BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25,14,725.55,36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2,respectively.Also,the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of oak.The results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros forests.Further conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran.
文摘It is important to understand seasonal heavy metal accumulation in different parts of plants in order to develop the best phytoremediation practices for con- taminated soils. For this purpose we exposed, 1 year old A. victoriae seedlings to ZnSO4 in 4 different concentrations： 0, 50, 250 and 500 mg Zn L-1 for 45 days over two growing seasons. Subsequently, bioaccumulation of Zn in different plant tissues （roots, shoots and leafs） was assessed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy （AAS） for two peri- ods. In addition, various growth attributes （dry biomass, shoot and root lengths, plant appearance） and functional traits （leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total） were measured. The accumulation of Zn was influenced by the Zn con- centration in the growth medium and the number of growing seasons. The amounts of Zn concentrated in the root tissues might indicate A. victoriae as a good option for phytostabilization of soils contaminated by Zn. We rec- ommend that if A. victoriae is used for phytoextraction purposes, then it should be harvested at the end of the first growing season （fall） because at this time the concentra- tions of Zn in the above-ground parts will be maximal.
文摘Sixteen Afshari male lambs (mean live weight 35 ± 1.21 kg, 10 month of age) were used to study the effect of different levels of pistachio epicarp silage (0%, 8%, 17% and 25%) on wool characteristics. The fleece weight (FW), staple length on shoulder (STS), flank (STF), back (STB) and rump (STR), true wool fiber (TW), modulated fiber (MF), kemp fiber (KF) percentage, mean wool fiber diameter (MD) and its coefficient variation (CVMD), breaking load (BL), wool tenacity (WT) and extension (E) were measured. These data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SAS software package. The total mean of FW, STS, STB, STF STR;TW, MF, KF, MD, CVMD, BL, WT and E of wool were 1622.2 ± 0.2 gr, 6.20 ± 0.26 cm, 6.80 ± 0.20 cm, 6.50 ± 0.20 cm, 6.90 ± 0.20 cm, 63.30 ± 1.6 mu, 8.30 ± 1.6 mu, 28.40% ± 2.5%, 37.0 ± 0.9 mu, 47.02% ± 2.99%, 7.60 ± 0.3 kgf, 3.40 ± 0.2 gf/tex and 31.1% ± 1.7% respectively, although there was significant difference among treatments on FW, MF, KF, MD, BL and WT. The results showed that feeding lambs with 25% pistachio epicarp silage of total dry matter intake affected wool characteristics and its effect was similar with the control group.
基金gratitude sincerely to the Semnan Universtiy for funding this project.
文摘One of the most important physicochemical properties of meat is its tenderness.The impact of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum ) extract and ultrasound on meat quality and molecular weight distribution of Longissimus lumborum muscles was studied.Samples have been treated with ultrasound (100 and 300 W during 10,20,and 30 min) and Leek-derived exogenous proteases (16.9 and 33.8U/g) simultaneously and separately.The combined effect of enzyme and ultrasound in 10 and 20 min increased the pH value.It was also increased the proteolytic activity of meat.Regarding meat quality,the filtering residues,cooking loss,shear force,and hardness were reduced;water-binding capacity,emulsion capacity,and emulsion stability were improved.The electrophoretic pattern of myofibrillar proteins showed the muscle fibers were severely degraded in the combined treatments.It can be concluded that this process could be used as an alternative to the chemical tenderizing agents in the meat industry.
