Objective Anemia is a common public health concern in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia among patients with diabetes.Methods Electronic databases,including P...Objective Anemia is a common public health concern in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia among patients with diabetes.Methods Electronic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Sciences,and Google Scholar,were searched systematically for studies published between 2010 and 2021.After removing duplicates and inappropriate reports,the remaining manuscripts were reviewed and appraised using theNewcastleOttawa Scale(NOS)tool.A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of the extracted data using Stata version 17.Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Q statistic.Results A total of 51 articles containing information on 26,485 patients with diabetes were included in this study.The articles were mainly from Asia(58.82%)and Africa(35.29%).The overall prevalence of anemia was 35.45%(95%CI:30.30–40.76),with no evidence of heterogeneity by sex.Among the two continents with the highest number of studies,the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes was significantly higher in Asia[40.02;95%CI:32.72–47.54]compared to Africa[28.46;95%CI:21.90–35.50](P for heterogeneity=0.029).Moreover,there has been an increasing trend in the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes over time,from[15.28;95%CI:9.83–22.21]in 2012 to[40.70;95%CI:10.21–75.93]in 2022.Conclusion Globally,approximately 4 in 10 patients with diabetes suffer from anemia.Therefore,routine anemia screening and control programs every 3 months might be useful in improving the quality of life of these patients.展开更多
Objective: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among primary school children in Zahedan District, Southeastern Iran, as a tropical area.Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 400 students were...Objective: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among primary school children in Zahedan District, Southeastern Iran, as a tropical area.Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 400 students were selected randomly using multi-stage sampling technique. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent(SE)of-0.5 diopter(D) or more, hyperopia was defined as SE of +2.00 D or more and a cylinder refraction greater than 0.75 D was considered astigmatism. Anisometropia was defined as a difference of 1 D or more between two eyes. Cycloplegic refractive status was measured using auto-refractometer(Topcon 8800). Data were analyzed using SPSS,version 22 software program.Results: Mean ± SD of SE was(1.71 ± 1.16) D. A total of 20 students [6.3%, 95%confidence interval(CI): 3.96%–9.64%] were myopic(-0.5 D), 186 students(58.1%,95% CI: 52.50%–63.56%) were hyperopic( +2.00 D) and 114 students(35.6%, 95%CI: 30.43%–41.18%) were emmetropic. The prevalence of astigmatism( 0.75 D)among students was 3.4%(95% CI: 1.82%–6.25%). Anisometropia of 1 D or more was found in 21.3%(95% CI: 16.98%–26.23%) of the studied population. The prevalence of refractive errors was higher among girls than boys(73.1% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.001), but it was not significantly different among different age groups(P = 0.790).Conclusions: Refractive errors affect a sizable portion of students in Zahedan. Although myopia is not very prevalent, the high rate of hyperopia in the studied population emphasizes its need for attention.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Student Research Committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran[grant number:23407]。
文摘Objective Anemia is a common public health concern in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia among patients with diabetes.Methods Electronic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Sciences,and Google Scholar,were searched systematically for studies published between 2010 and 2021.After removing duplicates and inappropriate reports,the remaining manuscripts were reviewed and appraised using theNewcastleOttawa Scale(NOS)tool.A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of the extracted data using Stata version 17.Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Q statistic.Results A total of 51 articles containing information on 26,485 patients with diabetes were included in this study.The articles were mainly from Asia(58.82%)and Africa(35.29%).The overall prevalence of anemia was 35.45%(95%CI:30.30–40.76),with no evidence of heterogeneity by sex.Among the two continents with the highest number of studies,the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes was significantly higher in Asia[40.02;95%CI:32.72–47.54]compared to Africa[28.46;95%CI:21.90–35.50](P for heterogeneity=0.029).Moreover,there has been an increasing trend in the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes over time,from[15.28;95%CI:9.83–22.21]in 2012 to[40.70;95%CI:10.21–75.93]in 2022.Conclusion Globally,approximately 4 in 10 patients with diabetes suffer from anemia.Therefore,routine anemia screening and control programs every 3 months might be useful in improving the quality of life of these patients.
基金Supported by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences(Grant No.91-506)
文摘Objective: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among primary school children in Zahedan District, Southeastern Iran, as a tropical area.Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 400 students were selected randomly using multi-stage sampling technique. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent(SE)of-0.5 diopter(D) or more, hyperopia was defined as SE of +2.00 D or more and a cylinder refraction greater than 0.75 D was considered astigmatism. Anisometropia was defined as a difference of 1 D or more between two eyes. Cycloplegic refractive status was measured using auto-refractometer(Topcon 8800). Data were analyzed using SPSS,version 22 software program.Results: Mean ± SD of SE was(1.71 ± 1.16) D. A total of 20 students [6.3%, 95%confidence interval(CI): 3.96%–9.64%] were myopic(-0.5 D), 186 students(58.1%,95% CI: 52.50%–63.56%) were hyperopic( +2.00 D) and 114 students(35.6%, 95%CI: 30.43%–41.18%) were emmetropic. The prevalence of astigmatism( 0.75 D)among students was 3.4%(95% CI: 1.82%–6.25%). Anisometropia of 1 D or more was found in 21.3%(95% CI: 16.98%–26.23%) of the studied population. The prevalence of refractive errors was higher among girls than boys(73.1% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.001), but it was not significantly different among different age groups(P = 0.790).Conclusions: Refractive errors affect a sizable portion of students in Zahedan. Although myopia is not very prevalent, the high rate of hyperopia in the studied population emphasizes its need for attention.
