Context: Several studies were conducted on physiology of apnea in scuba diving. No survey has been reported in fighting sports. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular variations misled by voluntary apnea during groundw...Context: Several studies were conducted on physiology of apnea in scuba diving. No survey has been reported in fighting sports. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular variations misled by voluntary apnea during groundwork techniques of judo training. Methods: The temporal evolution of heart rate and modifications of the blood pressure have been investigated during cross sectional and experimental study. A total of 28 Congolese judoists took part in the study. The voluntary apnea was achieved by a judoist to try to carry out two kinds of groundwork (hon-gesagatame and kamishiho-gatame). According to the case, Student t test and analysis of variance were used for comparing data. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of “type of groundwork technique × category of weight”. Results: Between 0 and 3 seconds, tachycardia has been observed during the static groundwork techniques and then bradycardia occurred to 3 - 9 seconds for the dynamic groundwork techniques : +6.8% of the rest frequency versus -9.4% for hon-gesa;+4.9% versus -13.7% for kami-shiho. Thereafter, it followed a fluctuation of heart rate of 9 - 15 seconds. Beyond, a stagnation was noted for hongesa, whereas a minimal increase (<5%) for kami-shiho. In relation to the systolic arterial pressure, a meaningful rise was recovered: +46.5% (hon-gesa) versus +50.1% (kami-shiho) in static exercise;+43.4% (hon-gesa) versus +43.3% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. The report was similar for the diastolic arterial pressure: +31.5% (hon-gesa) versus 30.0% (kami-shiho) in static exercise;+20.3% (hon-gesa) versus +23.8% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. Conclusion: The apnea consecutive to the hindrance of an exit groundwork technique to judo drags bradycardia increased while exercise realized static posture, and a rise of the arterial pressure.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, ex...Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, experimental and longitudinal, was about 14 boys, belonging to seven categories of weight of the International Federation of Judo. These judoists, at the level belonged to stages 3, 4 and 5 of the classification to Tanner, of pubertal maturation. Their median age was 16 years (range: 15 - 17 years). All topics have been submitted to “strength-velocity” training, focused around exercises bound to the development of the power and automatisms, from plyometric and isometric training. Three assessments have been realized in the beginning, to mid-training (3 months) and at the end of the program (6 months). The measured values were cardiorespiratory parameters. Results: The heart rate to the doorstep was decreased significantly (p = 0.048), so VO<sub>2</sub> max (p = 0.046), FVC (p = 0.0244) and ratio VEMS/FVC (p = 0.046) as function of pubertal stage. In contrast, increase was not significant for VEMS (p = 0.205) and absolute VO<sub>2</sub> to doorstep (p = 0.097). No significant effect of pubertal state on respiratory frequency was found. On the other hand, strength-velocity training improved cardiorespiratory data. To the recovery of the “strength-velocity test”, the decrease of the VO<sub>2</sub> took place more quickly that the one of the VE, the VCO2 and the HR, variations linked to the category of topic weight. Conclusion: Among high level Congolese postpubertal judoists, the cardiorespiratory modifications induce faculty to the realization of a good performance and pursue objectives of health. However, it is necessary to be heedful as for situations to put in place in sittings at the time of such of “strength-velocity” training.展开更多
Background: Measurement of haematological parameters has been historically helpful in the diagnosis of many diseases in endurance sportsmen. The modifications of these parameters during endurance race have not yet bee...Background: Measurement of haematological parameters has been historically helpful in the diagnosis of many diseases in endurance sportsmen. The modifications of these parameters during endurance race have not yet been evaluated in many African countries. Objectives: To determine haematological values before and immediately after a half-marathon event, as well as within 24 hours after the race and to analyze the changes observed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 21 August 2018 at Brazzaville, Congo. All measurements were confined to 76 male participants (39 specialists vs 37 no specialists of endurance race) in the Brazzaville half-marathon (21.1 km), aged between 19 - 39 years (mean age: 26.7 ± 2.6 years). Coulter profiles with differential white cell counts and haptoglobin levels were determined in venous sample before and after competitive half-marathon race. The same measurements were performed during the 24 hrs following the competition. Results: In the pre-race sample, mild anemia was detected in 12 subjects and mild thrombocytopenia in 7 subjects. Haptoglobin levels were reduced in 5 subjects. Haematological values, all post-race, varied significantly before and after race, particularly for RBC, Hb, Hct, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocyte counts, basophil counts, eosinophil counts and haptoglobin. These differences between specialists and no specialists were statistically (p Conclusion: Our data may help sport physicians, sport physiologists and trainers to better follow-up haematological reactions associated with the half-marathon race.展开更多
Context: Several studies were conducted throughout the world on heart diseases in children;no data is available in Congolese child. Objective: To evaluate epidemiological profile of Congolese children and teenager car...Context: Several studies were conducted throughout the world on heart diseases in children;no data is available in Congolese child. Objective: To evaluate epidemiological profile of Congolese children and teenager carrying cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A descriptive and prospective study was carried out during 4 years in the pediatric department of teaching hospital of Brazzaville, near the children received in consultation of pediatric cardiology. Results: On 41,472 patients admitted in pediatric service, 526 patients were received in consultation for suspicion of heart diseases. Among them, 444 had cardiopathy (incidence of 10.7‰). It was about a congenital heart disease to 316 (60%) incidence of 7.6‰;Acquired heart disease to 128 (24.4%) incidence of 3.1‰. Among congenital heart defects observed frequency of patients with ASD was 20.3%, isolated in 10.1% of cases, and associated with ECD (11.8%). The VSD was observed in 30.1% of cases, and the Tetralogy of Fallot in 10.1% of cases. Among the acquired heart diseases, severe hypo kinetic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was noted in 24.4% of cases. The rheumatic heart diseases accounted for 41.4% of cases. It was mitral regurgitation (33.6%), a mitral stenosis (1.6%). Pericarditis was objectified at 10.1% of the patients. The evolution was favorable for 43.3% of patients. An aggravation of symptoms was observed to 2.7% of patients. Mortality was 11.9% and 71.9% of deaths were observed to not operate carriers of congenital heart disease. 69.9% of dead patients were carrying a cyanogen heart disease. Left to right shunt represented 21.7% of the deaths. Conclusion: Heart diseases are real problem of public health for Congolese children.展开更多
Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of l...Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of lipids. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of category of weight on lipoxmax and to identify the zones of target intensities corresponding to lipoxmax. Materials and Methods:Twenty four male well-training judoists, divided in two groups according to weight, were evaluated during calorimetry effort’ test. For this situation, cardiorespiratory parameters (HR, VO2, VO2max), blood parameter (lactatemia), anthropometric variables and zones of target corresponding to lipox were evaluated. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilks test was used to compare all the data and differences were confirmed by one-way variance. Results: No significant differences were observed among two groups for target intensities to lipox. The judoists of group 1 were aged to 24.1 ± 5.9 years with 1.78 ± 0.07 m versus 20.4 ± 1.6 years with 1.86 ± 0.04 m. Primary results indicated higher intensities for lipoxmax. Also, values of power (% LDC) and VO2 and were significantly higher in the judoists for group 2, with respectively: 45.3 ± 10.2 and 46.4 ± 8.6 ml/min versus 38.2 ± 7.2 and 31.3 ± 7.6 ml/min. Conclusion: High weight in judoists induces high intensities of lipoxmax and change oxidation of lipids markers following training.展开更多
Background: Rare are the studies which treated the effect of training and successive fights of karate on haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses. Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the aerobic capacit...Background: Rare are the studies which treated the effect of training and successive fights of karate on haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses. Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the aerobic capacity of elite Congolese karate athletes, as well as their haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses changes during Ruffier test and stimulated competition. Methods: Twelve karate athletes (6 seniors and 6 juniors) took part in the study. These karate athletes were selected within the national karate teams (senior and junior) of Congo-Brazzaville. Anthropometric, bioenergetic and haemodynamic (HR, SBP, DBP) parameters and blood lactate [La] concentrations were measured at rest, immediately after the end of Ruffier test and each fight (n = 3). Results: Peak aerobic power (PAP) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) values averaged 437 ± 23 watts and 57.61 ± 2.2 ml/kg/mn, values varying as function as age division (senior vs junior). The recovery index was 5.4 ± 3.4 for juniors and 6.8 ± 3.2 for seniors. SBP, HR and [La] concentrations increased significantly during fights, compared to the resting values. HRmax was 182.3 ± 1.6 bpm (89% theoretical HRmax) for seniors and 182.0 ± 13.5 bpm (86% theoretical HRmax) for juniors. Peak [La] concentrations were 10.3 ± 1.5 mmol/l for seniors and 10.8 ± 1.2 mmol/l for juniors. Conclusion: Congolese karate athletes call upon high levels of the anaerobic and aerobic capacities. The karate training program in Congo should emphasize more gold improvising lower body anaerobic power and endurance.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of overall cardiovascular risk among the pygmies of Congo Brazzaville. Methods: Cross-analysis of anthropometric data, clinical and laboratory 273 indigenous subj...Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of overall cardiovascular risk among the pygmies of Congo Brazzaville. Methods: Cross-analysis of anthropometric data, clinical and laboratory 273 indigenous subjects including 54 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 183 without CVD, aged 29 to 69 years. The cardiovascular risk stratification table WHO/ISH 2003 was used to assess overall cardiovascular risk level. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent determinants of cardiovascular risk using the global left ventricular hypertrophy as a marker. Results: Fifty-four subjects had cardiovascular disease (CVD), including 31 women (36.7%). They were aged 51.9 ± 12.4 years (p < 0.05) and showed a high blood pressure in short-long (100 ± 77 vs 32 ± 48 months;p < 0.001). It was also found a pulse pressure, PPO (58 ± 8 vs 51 ± 4 mmHg). In multivariate analysis, HDL-C levels, fasting glucose, age greater than 50 years and the higher parity or equalizes to 5 among women have emerged as key determinants of CVD risk. Conclusion: Whatever the stage, arterial hypertension in this study is associated at the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) high at the Pygmies of Congo, emphasizing the need for a more aggressive follow-up strategy.展开更多
文摘Context: Several studies were conducted on physiology of apnea in scuba diving. No survey has been reported in fighting sports. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular variations misled by voluntary apnea during groundwork techniques of judo training. Methods: The temporal evolution of heart rate and modifications of the blood pressure have been investigated during cross sectional and experimental study. A total of 28 Congolese judoists took part in the study. The voluntary apnea was achieved by a judoist to try to carry out two kinds of groundwork (hon-gesagatame and kamishiho-gatame). According to the case, Student t test and analysis of variance were used for comparing data. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of “type of groundwork technique × category of weight”. Results: Between 0 and 3 seconds, tachycardia has been observed during the static groundwork techniques and then bradycardia occurred to 3 - 9 seconds for the dynamic groundwork techniques : +6.8% of the rest frequency versus -9.4% for hon-gesa;+4.9% versus -13.7% for kami-shiho. Thereafter, it followed a fluctuation of heart rate of 9 - 15 seconds. Beyond, a stagnation was noted for hongesa, whereas a minimal increase (<5%) for kami-shiho. In relation to the systolic arterial pressure, a meaningful rise was recovered: +46.5% (hon-gesa) versus +50.1% (kami-shiho) in static exercise;+43.4% (hon-gesa) versus +43.3% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. The report was similar for the diastolic arterial pressure: +31.5% (hon-gesa) versus 30.0% (kami-shiho) in static exercise;+20.3% (hon-gesa) versus +23.8% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. Conclusion: The apnea consecutive to the hindrance of an exit groundwork technique to judo drags bradycardia increased while exercise realized static posture, and a rise of the arterial pressure.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, experimental and longitudinal, was about 14 boys, belonging to seven categories of weight of the International Federation of Judo. These judoists, at the level belonged to stages 3, 4 and 5 of the classification to Tanner, of pubertal maturation. Their median age was 16 years (range: 15 - 17 years). All topics have been submitted to “strength-velocity” training, focused around exercises bound to the development of the power and automatisms, from plyometric and isometric training. Three assessments have been realized in the beginning, to mid-training (3 months) and at the end of the program (6 months). The measured values were cardiorespiratory parameters. Results: The heart rate to the doorstep was decreased significantly (p = 0.048), so VO<sub>2</sub> max (p = 0.046), FVC (p = 0.0244) and ratio VEMS/FVC (p = 0.046) as function of pubertal stage. In contrast, increase was not significant for VEMS (p = 0.205) and absolute VO<sub>2</sub> to doorstep (p = 0.097). No significant effect of pubertal state on respiratory frequency was found. On the other hand, strength-velocity training improved cardiorespiratory data. To the recovery of the “strength-velocity test”, the decrease of the VO<sub>2</sub> took place more quickly that the one of the VE, the VCO2 and the HR, variations linked to the category of topic weight. Conclusion: Among high level Congolese postpubertal judoists, the cardiorespiratory modifications induce faculty to the realization of a good performance and pursue objectives of health. However, it is necessary to be heedful as for situations to put in place in sittings at the time of such of “strength-velocity” training.
文摘Background: Measurement of haematological parameters has been historically helpful in the diagnosis of many diseases in endurance sportsmen. The modifications of these parameters during endurance race have not yet been evaluated in many African countries. Objectives: To determine haematological values before and immediately after a half-marathon event, as well as within 24 hours after the race and to analyze the changes observed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 21 August 2018 at Brazzaville, Congo. All measurements were confined to 76 male participants (39 specialists vs 37 no specialists of endurance race) in the Brazzaville half-marathon (21.1 km), aged between 19 - 39 years (mean age: 26.7 ± 2.6 years). Coulter profiles with differential white cell counts and haptoglobin levels were determined in venous sample before and after competitive half-marathon race. The same measurements were performed during the 24 hrs following the competition. Results: In the pre-race sample, mild anemia was detected in 12 subjects and mild thrombocytopenia in 7 subjects. Haptoglobin levels were reduced in 5 subjects. Haematological values, all post-race, varied significantly before and after race, particularly for RBC, Hb, Hct, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocyte counts, basophil counts, eosinophil counts and haptoglobin. These differences between specialists and no specialists were statistically (p Conclusion: Our data may help sport physicians, sport physiologists and trainers to better follow-up haematological reactions associated with the half-marathon race.
文摘Context: Several studies were conducted throughout the world on heart diseases in children;no data is available in Congolese child. Objective: To evaluate epidemiological profile of Congolese children and teenager carrying cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A descriptive and prospective study was carried out during 4 years in the pediatric department of teaching hospital of Brazzaville, near the children received in consultation of pediatric cardiology. Results: On 41,472 patients admitted in pediatric service, 526 patients were received in consultation for suspicion of heart diseases. Among them, 444 had cardiopathy (incidence of 10.7‰). It was about a congenital heart disease to 316 (60%) incidence of 7.6‰;Acquired heart disease to 128 (24.4%) incidence of 3.1‰. Among congenital heart defects observed frequency of patients with ASD was 20.3%, isolated in 10.1% of cases, and associated with ECD (11.8%). The VSD was observed in 30.1% of cases, and the Tetralogy of Fallot in 10.1% of cases. Among the acquired heart diseases, severe hypo kinetic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was noted in 24.4% of cases. The rheumatic heart diseases accounted for 41.4% of cases. It was mitral regurgitation (33.6%), a mitral stenosis (1.6%). Pericarditis was objectified at 10.1% of the patients. The evolution was favorable for 43.3% of patients. An aggravation of symptoms was observed to 2.7% of patients. Mortality was 11.9% and 71.9% of deaths were observed to not operate carriers of congenital heart disease. 69.9% of dead patients were carrying a cyanogen heart disease. Left to right shunt represented 21.7% of the deaths. Conclusion: Heart diseases are real problem of public health for Congolese children.
文摘Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of lipids. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of category of weight on lipoxmax and to identify the zones of target intensities corresponding to lipoxmax. Materials and Methods:Twenty four male well-training judoists, divided in two groups according to weight, were evaluated during calorimetry effort’ test. For this situation, cardiorespiratory parameters (HR, VO2, VO2max), blood parameter (lactatemia), anthropometric variables and zones of target corresponding to lipox were evaluated. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilks test was used to compare all the data and differences were confirmed by one-way variance. Results: No significant differences were observed among two groups for target intensities to lipox. The judoists of group 1 were aged to 24.1 ± 5.9 years with 1.78 ± 0.07 m versus 20.4 ± 1.6 years with 1.86 ± 0.04 m. Primary results indicated higher intensities for lipoxmax. Also, values of power (% LDC) and VO2 and were significantly higher in the judoists for group 2, with respectively: 45.3 ± 10.2 and 46.4 ± 8.6 ml/min versus 38.2 ± 7.2 and 31.3 ± 7.6 ml/min. Conclusion: High weight in judoists induces high intensities of lipoxmax and change oxidation of lipids markers following training.
文摘Background: Rare are the studies which treated the effect of training and successive fights of karate on haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses. Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the aerobic capacity of elite Congolese karate athletes, as well as their haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses changes during Ruffier test and stimulated competition. Methods: Twelve karate athletes (6 seniors and 6 juniors) took part in the study. These karate athletes were selected within the national karate teams (senior and junior) of Congo-Brazzaville. Anthropometric, bioenergetic and haemodynamic (HR, SBP, DBP) parameters and blood lactate [La] concentrations were measured at rest, immediately after the end of Ruffier test and each fight (n = 3). Results: Peak aerobic power (PAP) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) values averaged 437 ± 23 watts and 57.61 ± 2.2 ml/kg/mn, values varying as function as age division (senior vs junior). The recovery index was 5.4 ± 3.4 for juniors and 6.8 ± 3.2 for seniors. SBP, HR and [La] concentrations increased significantly during fights, compared to the resting values. HRmax was 182.3 ± 1.6 bpm (89% theoretical HRmax) for seniors and 182.0 ± 13.5 bpm (86% theoretical HRmax) for juniors. Peak [La] concentrations were 10.3 ± 1.5 mmol/l for seniors and 10.8 ± 1.2 mmol/l for juniors. Conclusion: Congolese karate athletes call upon high levels of the anaerobic and aerobic capacities. The karate training program in Congo should emphasize more gold improvising lower body anaerobic power and endurance.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of overall cardiovascular risk among the pygmies of Congo Brazzaville. Methods: Cross-analysis of anthropometric data, clinical and laboratory 273 indigenous subjects including 54 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 183 without CVD, aged 29 to 69 years. The cardiovascular risk stratification table WHO/ISH 2003 was used to assess overall cardiovascular risk level. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent determinants of cardiovascular risk using the global left ventricular hypertrophy as a marker. Results: Fifty-four subjects had cardiovascular disease (CVD), including 31 women (36.7%). They were aged 51.9 ± 12.4 years (p < 0.05) and showed a high blood pressure in short-long (100 ± 77 vs 32 ± 48 months;p < 0.001). It was also found a pulse pressure, PPO (58 ± 8 vs 51 ± 4 mmHg). In multivariate analysis, HDL-C levels, fasting glucose, age greater than 50 years and the higher parity or equalizes to 5 among women have emerged as key determinants of CVD risk. Conclusion: Whatever the stage, arterial hypertension in this study is associated at the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) high at the Pygmies of Congo, emphasizing the need for a more aggressive follow-up strategy.
