As a new form of regulated cell death,ferroptosis has unraveled the unsolicited theory of intrinsic apoptosis resistance by cancer cells.The molecular mechanism of ferroptosis depends on the induction of oxidative str...As a new form of regulated cell death,ferroptosis has unraveled the unsolicited theory of intrinsic apoptosis resistance by cancer cells.The molecular mechanism of ferroptosis depends on the induction of oxidative stress through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation and glutathione depletion to damage the structural integrity of cells.Due to their high loading and structural tunability,nanocarriers can escort the delivery of ferro-therapeutics to the desired site through enhanced permeation or retention effect or by active targeting.This review shed light on the necessity of iron in cancer cell growth and the fascinating features of ferroptosis in regulating the cell cycle and metastasis.Additionally,we discussed the effect of ferroptosis-mediated therapy using nanoplatforms and their chemical basis in overcoming the barriers to cancer therapy.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases and its prevalence is likely to reach epidemic proportions.According to the"two-stage hypothesis"proposed for the pathophysiol...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases and its prevalence is likely to reach epidemic proportions.According to the"two-stage hypothesis"proposed for the pathophysiology of NAFLD,insulin resistance,oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines are among the key promoters of the disease. Here,ginger has been hypothesized to prevent NAFLD or blunt its progression via several mechanisms,such as sensitizing insulin effects,activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγwhich induces adiponectin and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines,changing the balance between adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-αin favor of adiponectin,promoting considerable antioxidant effects and antidyslipidemic properties,and reducing hepatic triglyceride content which can prevent steatosis.The aforementioned mechanisms imply that ginger possesses interesting potentials for serving as a natural supplement for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.Therefore,conducting trials to explore its benefits in clinical practice is greatly recommended.展开更多
Inflammatory processes and proinflammatory cytokines have a key role in the cellular processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are linked to the pathogenesis of functional and mental health disorders.Tumor necrosis ...Inflammatory processes and proinflammatory cytokines have a key role in the cellular processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are linked to the pathogenesis of functional and mental health disorders.Tumor necrosis factor alpha has been reported to play a major role in the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many other neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,a potent proinflammatory/proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor alpha could be a strong candidate for targeted therapy.Plant derivatives have now become promising candidates as therapeutic agents because of their antioxidant and chemical characteristics,and anti-inflammatory features.Recently,phytochemicals including flavonoids,terpenoids,alkaloids,and lignans have generated interest as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor candidates for a number of diseases involving inflammation within the nervous system.In this review,we discuss how phytochemicals as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are a therapeutic strategy targeting neurodegeneration.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a growing health problem associated with a high burden due to destructive and longterm clinical effects.Cellular aggregations of misfolded proteins are the most common pathological h...Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a growing health problem associated with a high burden due to destructive and longterm clinical effects.Cellular aggregations of misfolded proteins are the most common pathological hallmark of many late-onset NDs called proteinopathies including Parkinson’s disease(PD),Alzheimer’s disease(AD),tauopathies,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and polyglutamine(polyQ)expansion diseases such as Huntington’s disease(HD)and various spinocerebellar ataxias(SCA)such as SCA3(Renna et al.,2010).Misfolded proteins can be generated by posttranslational conjugation(e.g.,hyperphosphorylated tau in AD),or endoproteolytic cleavage(e.g.,amyloidβpeptides)or genetic mutations in specific proteins(such as HTT in HD,α-synuclein in PD,PrPC in prion disease and SOD1 and TDP-43 in ALS)leading to the formation of oligomers.展开更多
Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves.Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iran...Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves.Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iranian conifers, including Juniperus oblonga, J. foetidissima, J.sabina, J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa,Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis from Cupressaceae and Taxus baccata from Taxaceae for the first time using GC-FID analyses. In the waxes, 25 n-alkane homologs with chain lengths ranging from C7 to C32 were identified. Short-chain n-alkanes were dominant in almost all samples with some exceptions. Complementary studies to elucidate complete wax constituents of Iranian conifers and n-alkane distribution pattern as a function of geographical and bioclimatic variables are recommended.展开更多
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Methods: A systematic and electronic search using relevant keywords in major national and international databases was perfor...Objective: To estimate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Methods: A systematic and electronic search using relevant keywords in major national and international databases was performed until 6th July, 2018 in order to find studies reporting the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Results: A total of nine studies were found to be eligible based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis indicated that the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to different antibiotics was as follows: 66.9% to penicillin, 59.1% to ciprofloxacin, 11.1% to ceftriaxone, 21.6% to spectinomycin, 13.8% to cefixime, 82.4% to co-trimoxazole, 52.7% to tetracycline, 29.9% to gentamicin, 87.5% to ampicillin, 11.1% to azithromycin, 2.2% to chloramphenicol, 50.1% to cefepime and 50.0% to vancomycin. Antimicrobial resistance rates of Neisseria meningitidis was as follows: 30.0% to penicillin, 33.3% to amoxicillin, 33.3% to cephalexin, 55.6% to ampicillin and 0.0% to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, amikacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and ceftizoxime. Conclusion: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis isolates of Iran show resistance to different types of antibiotics. Therefore, care should be exercised for the use of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefepime and vancomycin for gonococcal infections, and also with respect to the use of penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cephalexin for meningococcal infections in Iran.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiac syndrome X(CSX)is characterized by persistent angina with normal coronary arteries.Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been introduced,particularly Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.AIM To...BACKGROUND Cardiac syndrome X(CSX)is characterized by persistent angina with normal coronary arteries.Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been introduced,particularly Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.AIM To investigate the association between H.pylori infection and CSX.METHODS All studies related to H.pylori infection and CSX were evaluated by comprehensive searches of global databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge,PubMed,Scopus,EMBASE,and Google scholar.Statistical analyses of selected articles were evaluated based on the summary odds ratio(OR).Finally,heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated using the I2 statistic and Cochrane Q-test as well as Begg’s and Egger’s tests.RESULTS A total of 11 studies met our inclusion criteria and 1435 patients(63%female,and 37%male)were reviewed.A significant association was observed between female patients and this syndrome(P=0.02).Our results showed a positive association between infection with this pathogen and presence of CSX(OR:5.65;95%confidence interval[CI]:4.17-7.64;I2:82.20).However,no significant association was observed with cagA-positive H. pylori strains and this syndrome (OR: 0.97;0.56-1.70 with 95%CI). Given the heterogeneity and publication bias, the resultsneed to confirmed by further prospective investigation.CONCLUSIONBased on our results, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk ofCSX. This bacterium appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of CXS byinducing persistent inflammation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of Aloe vera(A.vera) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms and compare its effects with those of omeprazole and ranitidine.METHODS: In this pilot, random...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of Aloe vera(A.vera) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms and compare its effects with those of omeprazole and ranitidine.METHODS: In this pilot, randomized controlled trial, 79 subjects were allocated to A. vera syrup(standardized to 5.0 mg polysaccharide per m L of syrup)at a dose of 10 m L/d, omeprazole capsule(20 g/d)or ranitidine tablet(150 mg in a fasted state in the morning and 150 mg 30 min before sleep at night)for a period of 4 weeks. The frequencies of eight main symptoms of GERD(heartburn, food regurgitation, flatulence, belching, dysphagia, nausea,vomiting and acid regurgitation) were assessed at weeks 2 and 4 of the trial.RESULTS: A. vera was safe and well tolerated and reduced the frequencies of all the assessed GERD symptoms, with no adverse events requiring withdrawal.CONCLUSION: A. vera may provide a safe and effective treatment for reducing the symptoms of GERD.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effectiveness of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on the frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression in obese individuals....Objective： To investigate the effectiveness of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on the frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression in obese individuals. Methods： In this double blind, cross-over trial, 30 obese subjects were randomized to receive either curcumin （1 g/day） or placebo for a period of 30 days. Following a wash-out interval of 2 weeks, each subject was crossed over to the alternative regimen for a further 30 days. Severity of anxiety and depression was assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 6 and 10 of the trial using the Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） and Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） scales, respectively. Results： Mean BAI score was found to be significantly reduced following curcumin therapy （P=0.03）. However, curcumin supplementation did not exert any significant impact on BDI scores （P=0.7）. Conclusion： Curcumin has a potential anti-anxiety effect in individuals with obesity.展开更多
Background Shigella is one of the most common causes of childhood dysentery along with high rate of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)rep...Background Shigella is one of the most common causes of childhood dysentery along with high rate of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)reports,the prevalence of fluoroquinolones-resistant Shigella species is increasing worldwide which can cause treatment failure of Shigella infections.Since there has not been any comprehensive information on drug-resistant Shigella species in Iran,we conducted the following meta-analysis to raise awareness.Methods We conducted a literature search on antibiotic resistance of Shigella species to collect published studies in Iran using national and international databases.Literature search was performed by up to Jan 30,2019 and eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis by predefined criteria.Results Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion technique was the only used method in all included studies.Antibiotic resistance characteristics of Shigella species against WHO recommended therapeutic regimens were as follows:S.dysenteriae 7%,S.flexneri 3.8%,S.boydii 6.9%and S.sonnei 2.6%to ciprofloxacin,S.dysenteriae 27.9%,S.flexneri 19.3%,S.boydii 15.7%and S.sonnei 9.5%to ceftriaxone and also S.dysenteriae 91.7%,S.flexneri 20.7%,S.boydii 46.7%and S.sonnei 32.3%to azithromycin.Resistance to pivmecillinam has not been investigated in Iran.Conclusions Our findings revealed that ciprofloxacin can still be used as the first-line antibiotic for Shigella infections in Iranian children.However,it seems that second-line antibiotics i.e.,ceftriaxone and azithromycin are not good choices for treatment and thus not recommended.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[82274366]The National Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Multi-dimensional Evaluation and Multidisciplinary Innovation Team of Southwest Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources[ZYYCXTD-D-202209]+2 种基金The Youth Talent Promotion Project of China Association of Chinese Medicine[2021-QNRC2-A09]The Major Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZD01)the financial support from the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),New Delhi,India,through Extramural Research Grants.
文摘As a new form of regulated cell death,ferroptosis has unraveled the unsolicited theory of intrinsic apoptosis resistance by cancer cells.The molecular mechanism of ferroptosis depends on the induction of oxidative stress through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation and glutathione depletion to damage the structural integrity of cells.Due to their high loading and structural tunability,nanocarriers can escort the delivery of ferro-therapeutics to the desired site through enhanced permeation or retention effect or by active targeting.This review shed light on the necessity of iron in cancer cell growth and the fascinating features of ferroptosis in regulating the cell cycle and metastasis.Additionally,we discussed the effect of ferroptosis-mediated therapy using nanoplatforms and their chemical basis in overcoming the barriers to cancer therapy.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases and its prevalence is likely to reach epidemic proportions.According to the"two-stage hypothesis"proposed for the pathophysiology of NAFLD,insulin resistance,oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines are among the key promoters of the disease. Here,ginger has been hypothesized to prevent NAFLD or blunt its progression via several mechanisms,such as sensitizing insulin effects,activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγwhich induces adiponectin and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines,changing the balance between adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-αin favor of adiponectin,promoting considerable antioxidant effects and antidyslipidemic properties,and reducing hepatic triglyceride content which can prevent steatosis.The aforementioned mechanisms imply that ginger possesses interesting potentials for serving as a natural supplement for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.Therefore,conducting trials to explore its benefits in clinical practice is greatly recommended.
文摘Inflammatory processes and proinflammatory cytokines have a key role in the cellular processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are linked to the pathogenesis of functional and mental health disorders.Tumor necrosis factor alpha has been reported to play a major role in the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many other neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,a potent proinflammatory/proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor alpha could be a strong candidate for targeted therapy.Plant derivatives have now become promising candidates as therapeutic agents because of their antioxidant and chemical characteristics,and anti-inflammatory features.Recently,phytochemicals including flavonoids,terpenoids,alkaloids,and lignans have generated interest as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor candidates for a number of diseases involving inflammation within the nervous system.In this review,we discuss how phytochemicals as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are a therapeutic strategy targeting neurodegeneration.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a growing health problem associated with a high burden due to destructive and longterm clinical effects.Cellular aggregations of misfolded proteins are the most common pathological hallmark of many late-onset NDs called proteinopathies including Parkinson’s disease(PD),Alzheimer’s disease(AD),tauopathies,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and polyglutamine(polyQ)expansion diseases such as Huntington’s disease(HD)and various spinocerebellar ataxias(SCA)such as SCA3(Renna et al.,2010).Misfolded proteins can be generated by posttranslational conjugation(e.g.,hyperphosphorylated tau in AD),or endoproteolytic cleavage(e.g.,amyloidβpeptides)or genetic mutations in specific proteins(such as HTT in HD,α-synuclein in PD,PrPC in prion disease and SOD1 and TDP-43 in ALS)leading to the formation of oligomers.
基金fully funded by the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Council
文摘Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves.Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iranian conifers, including Juniperus oblonga, J. foetidissima, J.sabina, J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa,Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis from Cupressaceae and Taxus baccata from Taxaceae for the first time using GC-FID analyses. In the waxes, 25 n-alkane homologs with chain lengths ranging from C7 to C32 were identified. Short-chain n-alkanes were dominant in almost all samples with some exceptions. Complementary studies to elucidate complete wax constituents of Iranian conifers and n-alkane distribution pattern as a function of geographical and bioclimatic variables are recommended.
文摘Objective: To estimate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Methods: A systematic and electronic search using relevant keywords in major national and international databases was performed until 6th July, 2018 in order to find studies reporting the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Results: A total of nine studies were found to be eligible based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis indicated that the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to different antibiotics was as follows: 66.9% to penicillin, 59.1% to ciprofloxacin, 11.1% to ceftriaxone, 21.6% to spectinomycin, 13.8% to cefixime, 82.4% to co-trimoxazole, 52.7% to tetracycline, 29.9% to gentamicin, 87.5% to ampicillin, 11.1% to azithromycin, 2.2% to chloramphenicol, 50.1% to cefepime and 50.0% to vancomycin. Antimicrobial resistance rates of Neisseria meningitidis was as follows: 30.0% to penicillin, 33.3% to amoxicillin, 33.3% to cephalexin, 55.6% to ampicillin and 0.0% to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, amikacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and ceftizoxime. Conclusion: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis isolates of Iran show resistance to different types of antibiotics. Therefore, care should be exercised for the use of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefepime and vancomycin for gonococcal infections, and also with respect to the use of penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cephalexin for meningococcal infections in Iran.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiac syndrome X(CSX)is characterized by persistent angina with normal coronary arteries.Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been introduced,particularly Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.AIM To investigate the association between H.pylori infection and CSX.METHODS All studies related to H.pylori infection and CSX were evaluated by comprehensive searches of global databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge,PubMed,Scopus,EMBASE,and Google scholar.Statistical analyses of selected articles were evaluated based on the summary odds ratio(OR).Finally,heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated using the I2 statistic and Cochrane Q-test as well as Begg’s and Egger’s tests.RESULTS A total of 11 studies met our inclusion criteria and 1435 patients(63%female,and 37%male)were reviewed.A significant association was observed between female patients and this syndrome(P=0.02).Our results showed a positive association between infection with this pathogen and presence of CSX(OR:5.65;95%confidence interval[CI]:4.17-7.64;I2:82.20).However,no significant association was observed with cagA-positive H. pylori strains and this syndrome (OR: 0.97;0.56-1.70 with 95%CI). Given the heterogeneity and publication bias, the resultsneed to confirmed by further prospective investigation.CONCLUSIONBased on our results, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk ofCSX. This bacterium appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of CXS byinducing persistent inflammation.
基金Supported by the Clinical Trial Research CenterTehranIran
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of Aloe vera(A.vera) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms and compare its effects with those of omeprazole and ranitidine.METHODS: In this pilot, randomized controlled trial, 79 subjects were allocated to A. vera syrup(standardized to 5.0 mg polysaccharide per m L of syrup)at a dose of 10 m L/d, omeprazole capsule(20 g/d)or ranitidine tablet(150 mg in a fasted state in the morning and 150 mg 30 min before sleep at night)for a period of 4 weeks. The frequencies of eight main symptoms of GERD(heartburn, food regurgitation, flatulence, belching, dysphagia, nausea,vomiting and acid regurgitation) were assessed at weeks 2 and 4 of the trial.RESULTS: A. vera was safe and well tolerated and reduced the frequencies of all the assessed GERD symptoms, with no adverse events requiring withdrawal.CONCLUSION: A. vera may provide a safe and effective treatment for reducing the symptoms of GERD.
基金Support by the Research Council at the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,Mashhad,Iran
文摘Objective： To investigate the effectiveness of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on the frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression in obese individuals. Methods： In this double blind, cross-over trial, 30 obese subjects were randomized to receive either curcumin （1 g/day） or placebo for a period of 30 days. Following a wash-out interval of 2 weeks, each subject was crossed over to the alternative regimen for a further 30 days. Severity of anxiety and depression was assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 6 and 10 of the trial using the Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） and Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） scales, respectively. Results： Mean BAI score was found to be significantly reduced following curcumin therapy （P=0.03）. However, curcumin supplementation did not exert any significant impact on BDI scores （P=0.7）. Conclusion： Curcumin has a potential anti-anxiety effect in individuals with obesity.
文摘Background Shigella is one of the most common causes of childhood dysentery along with high rate of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)reports,the prevalence of fluoroquinolones-resistant Shigella species is increasing worldwide which can cause treatment failure of Shigella infections.Since there has not been any comprehensive information on drug-resistant Shigella species in Iran,we conducted the following meta-analysis to raise awareness.Methods We conducted a literature search on antibiotic resistance of Shigella species to collect published studies in Iran using national and international databases.Literature search was performed by up to Jan 30,2019 and eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis by predefined criteria.Results Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion technique was the only used method in all included studies.Antibiotic resistance characteristics of Shigella species against WHO recommended therapeutic regimens were as follows:S.dysenteriae 7%,S.flexneri 3.8%,S.boydii 6.9%and S.sonnei 2.6%to ciprofloxacin,S.dysenteriae 27.9%,S.flexneri 19.3%,S.boydii 15.7%and S.sonnei 9.5%to ceftriaxone and also S.dysenteriae 91.7%,S.flexneri 20.7%,S.boydii 46.7%and S.sonnei 32.3%to azithromycin.Resistance to pivmecillinam has not been investigated in Iran.Conclusions Our findings revealed that ciprofloxacin can still be used as the first-line antibiotic for Shigella infections in Iranian children.However,it seems that second-line antibiotics i.e.,ceftriaxone and azithromycin are not good choices for treatment and thus not recommended.
