Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria, frequently found in different environmental samples. The prevalence of multidrug resistant isolates has become an alarming concern for both patient...Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria, frequently found in different environmental samples. The prevalence of multidrug resistant isolates has become an alarming concern for both patients and their surroundings. The present study was carried out to record prevalence of P. aeruginosa in surface water of Dhaka city and to screen their antibiotic resistance pattern. The study was also extended to typing of resistant isolates according to extended spectrum beta lactamase production. Hereby, Kirby-Bauer method was applied to test antibiotic sensitivity according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Then, the Ampicillin resistant isolates were screened for ESBL production by Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). In these prospects, 52 water samples were tested, of which 32 were found positive for P. aeruginosa isolates. Hundred percent of the positive isolates were found to Ampicillin (AMP) resistant followed by 93.7% to both Tetracycline and Gentamycin and 71.8% to Co-triimoxazole. P. aeruginosa is completely susceptible to third generation antibiotics ciprofloxacin, Imipenem and Aztreonam followed by moderately susceptible to Polymyxin-B (78.2%) and Colistin (87.5%). According to DDST, all of the susceptible isolates were found positive for AMC type beta-lactamase production. It is evident from this study that the surface water is contaminated with antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa and that through the water systems antibiotic resistance can be transferred to humans and animals. So, appropriate and rationale use of antibiotic should be applied to minimize the emergence of multidrug isolates to environment.展开更多
The fish is an important food stuff and source of protein all over the world. In Bangladesh, fisheries sector contributes a lot, in the case of the earning foreign currency and meeting domestic need of the animal prot...The fish is an important food stuff and source of protein all over the world. In Bangladesh, fisheries sector contributes a lot, in the case of the earning foreign currency and meeting domestic need of the animal proteins. To fulfill the domestic need of protein and fish, Bangladesh imports fish and fish products from the neighboring county. In many studies, it was proved that most of the imported fishes are contaminated with formalin, which is the highly hazardous and carcinogenic chemical. Information was collected from the fish retailers and consumers on the marketing of the formalin treated fishes through survey using prescribed questionnaire at 18 different fish markets in 6 different districts of Bangladesh. It was found that most of the commercially imported fishes are highly contaminated with formalin. On the other hand, local big fishes, such as rui (Lobeo Rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) etc., are also formalin contaminated partially, but not all the fishes. All the local small fishes are free from the formalin contamination. In this study, it was found that, among the 939 fish samples collected from the different fish markets of the six districts, 213 fishes (22.68%) were directly contaminated with formalin. The contamination rate is so much higher in the big city like Dhaka (36.78%) and lower in the small town like Jamalpur districts (13.33%). This study also indicated that, all the village markets were totally free from the formalin contamination. As the fish traders used formalin to increase the shelf life of the fishes, it was also observed that, the shelf life of the local fishes or formalin free fishes was much higher and the organoleptic characteristics were much more excellent than the formalin contaminated local or imported fishes. The price of the imported fishes was also lower than the local fishes. It was also clear that, the organoleptic characteristics of the imported fishes and formalin contaminated fishes were greatly different than the local fishes, which were not satisfactory to the consumers. The study also indicated that, the overall hygienic practice and sanitary conditions of the markets and the fish traders/retailers were very poor, not satisfactory. This survey also revealed that, all the traders or retailers who were mixed formalin with the fishes, knew about the bad effects of the formalin.展开更多
文摘Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria, frequently found in different environmental samples. The prevalence of multidrug resistant isolates has become an alarming concern for both patients and their surroundings. The present study was carried out to record prevalence of P. aeruginosa in surface water of Dhaka city and to screen their antibiotic resistance pattern. The study was also extended to typing of resistant isolates according to extended spectrum beta lactamase production. Hereby, Kirby-Bauer method was applied to test antibiotic sensitivity according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Then, the Ampicillin resistant isolates were screened for ESBL production by Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). In these prospects, 52 water samples were tested, of which 32 were found positive for P. aeruginosa isolates. Hundred percent of the positive isolates were found to Ampicillin (AMP) resistant followed by 93.7% to both Tetracycline and Gentamycin and 71.8% to Co-triimoxazole. P. aeruginosa is completely susceptible to third generation antibiotics ciprofloxacin, Imipenem and Aztreonam followed by moderately susceptible to Polymyxin-B (78.2%) and Colistin (87.5%). According to DDST, all of the susceptible isolates were found positive for AMC type beta-lactamase production. It is evident from this study that the surface water is contaminated with antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa and that through the water systems antibiotic resistance can be transferred to humans and animals. So, appropriate and rationale use of antibiotic should be applied to minimize the emergence of multidrug isolates to environment.
文摘The fish is an important food stuff and source of protein all over the world. In Bangladesh, fisheries sector contributes a lot, in the case of the earning foreign currency and meeting domestic need of the animal proteins. To fulfill the domestic need of protein and fish, Bangladesh imports fish and fish products from the neighboring county. In many studies, it was proved that most of the imported fishes are contaminated with formalin, which is the highly hazardous and carcinogenic chemical. Information was collected from the fish retailers and consumers on the marketing of the formalin treated fishes through survey using prescribed questionnaire at 18 different fish markets in 6 different districts of Bangladesh. It was found that most of the commercially imported fishes are highly contaminated with formalin. On the other hand, local big fishes, such as rui (Lobeo Rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) etc., are also formalin contaminated partially, but not all the fishes. All the local small fishes are free from the formalin contamination. In this study, it was found that, among the 939 fish samples collected from the different fish markets of the six districts, 213 fishes (22.68%) were directly contaminated with formalin. The contamination rate is so much higher in the big city like Dhaka (36.78%) and lower in the small town like Jamalpur districts (13.33%). This study also indicated that, all the village markets were totally free from the formalin contamination. As the fish traders used formalin to increase the shelf life of the fishes, it was also observed that, the shelf life of the local fishes or formalin free fishes was much higher and the organoleptic characteristics were much more excellent than the formalin contaminated local or imported fishes. The price of the imported fishes was also lower than the local fishes. It was also clear that, the organoleptic characteristics of the imported fishes and formalin contaminated fishes were greatly different than the local fishes, which were not satisfactory to the consumers. The study also indicated that, the overall hygienic practice and sanitary conditions of the markets and the fish traders/retailers were very poor, not satisfactory. This survey also revealed that, all the traders or retailers who were mixed formalin with the fishes, knew about the bad effects of the formalin.
