Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nev...Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.展开更多
A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,...A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the offsprings.The individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each iteration.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is reached.The GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification tasks.Importantly,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.展开更多
A single-qubit quantum classifier(SQC)based on a gradient-free optimization(GFO)algorithm,named the GFO-based SQC,is proposed to overcome the effects of barren plateaus caused by quantum devices.Here,a rotation gate R...A single-qubit quantum classifier(SQC)based on a gradient-free optimization(GFO)algorithm,named the GFO-based SQC,is proposed to overcome the effects of barren plateaus caused by quantum devices.Here,a rotation gate R_(X)(φ)is applied on the single-qubit binary quantum classifier,and the training data and parameters are loaded intoφin the form of vector multiplication.The cost function is decreased by finding the value of each parameter that yields the minimum expectation value of measuring the quantum circuit.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost function satisfies the stop condition.The proposed GFO-based SQC is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets and compared with the Adam-based SQC and the quantum support vector machine(QSVM).Furthermore,the performance of the GFO-based SQC is discussed when the rotation gate in the quantum device is under different types of noise.The simulation results show that the GFO-based SQC can reach a high accuracy in reduced time.Additionally,the proposed GFO algorithm can quickly complete the training process of the SQC.Importantly,the GFO-based SQC has a good performance in noisy environments.展开更多
The oral microbial community is widely regarded as a latent reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms of 35 methicillin...The oral microbial community is widely regarded as a latent reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms of 35 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) strains isolated from the dental plaque of a healthy human population. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) revealed that all the isolates were nonsusceptible to oxacillin and penicillin G. Most of them were also resistant to trimethoprim(65.7%) and erythromycin(54.3%). The resistance to multiple antibiotics was found to be largely due to the acquisition of plasmid-borne genes. The mec A and dfr A genes were found in all the isolates, mostly dfr G(80%), aac A-aph D(20%), aad D(28.6%), aph A3(22.9%), msr A(5.7%), and the erm C gene(14.3%). Classical mutational mechanisms found in these isolates were mainly efflux pumps such as qac A(31.4%), qac C(25.7%), tet K(17.1%), and nor A(8.6%). Multilocus sequence type analysis revealed that sequence type 59(ST59) strains comprised 71.43% of the typed isolates, and the e BURST algorithm clustered STs into the clonal complex 2-II(CC2-II). The staphyloccoccal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) type results showed that 25(71.43%) were assigned to type IV. Moreover, 88.66% of the isolates were found to harbor six or more biofilm-associated genes. The aap, atl E, embp, sdr F, and IS256 genes were detected in all 35 isolates. This research demonstrates that biofilm-positive multipleantibiotic-resistant ST59-SCCmec IV S. epidermidis strains exist in the dental plaque of healthy people and may be a potential risk for the transmission of antibiotic resistance.展开更多
Toxic and harmful algal blooms are usually more frequent in mariculture areas due to the abundant trophic conditions.To investigate the relationship between toxic and harmful microalgae and environmental factors,we se...Toxic and harmful algal blooms are usually more frequent in mariculture areas due to the abundant trophic conditions.To investigate the relationship between toxic and harmful microalgae and environmental factors,we set up 12 stations near three mariculture regions(Gouqi Island,Sandu Bay,and Dongshan Bay)in the East China Sea.We collected samples from all four seasons starting from May 2020 to March 2021.We identifi ed 199 species belonging to 70 genera,of which 38 species were toxic and harmful,including 24 species of Dinophyceae,13 species of Bacillariophyceae,and 1 species of Raphidophyceae.The species composition of toxic and harmful microalgae showed a predominance of diatoms in the summer(August),and dinofl agellates in the spring(May),autumn(November),and winter(March).The cell densities of toxic and harmful microalgae were higher in summer(with an average value of 15.34×10^(3) cells/L)than in other seasons,3.53×10^(3) cells/L in spring,1.82×10^(3) cells/L in winter,and 1.0×10^(3) cells/L in autumn.Pseudo-nitzschia pungens,Prorocentrum minimum,Paralia sulcata,and Prorocentrum micans were the dominant species and were available at all 12 stations in the three mariculture areas.We selected 10 toxic and harmful microalgal species with frequency>6 at the survey stations for the redundancy analysis(RDA),and the results show that NO^(-)_(3),water temperature(WT),pH,DO,and NO^(-)_(2) were the main factors on distribution of toxic and harmful microalgae.We concluded that the rich nutrient conditions in the East China Sea mariculture areas increased the potential for the risk of toxic and harmful microalgal bloom outbreaks.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of functional electrical stimulation and functional mid frequency electrical stimulation on lower limb function and balance function in stroke patients.Methods:20 cases of stroke patie...Objective:To explore the effects of functional electrical stimulation and functional mid frequency electrical stimulation on lower limb function and balance function in stroke patients.Methods:20 cases of stroke patients with foot drop after admission were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,10 cases in each group.On the basis of the two groups of patients,the observation group used the gait induced functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the peroneal nerve and the pretibial muscle in the observation group.The control group used the computer medium frequency functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the peroneal nerve and the anterior tibial muscle for 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,the lower extremity simple Fugl-Meyer scale(FMA),the Berg balance scale(BBS)and the improved Ashworth scale were evaluated respectively,and the comparative analysis was carried out in the group and between the groups.Results:After 2 weeks of treatment,the scores of FMA and BBS in the two groups were significantly higher than those before the treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of FMA and BBS in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the flexor muscle tension of the ankle plantar flexor muscle of the observed group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Exercise therapy combined with gait induced functional electrical stimulation or computer intermediate frequency functional electrical stimulation can significantly improve lower limb function and balance function in patients with ptosis,and the therapeutic effect of functional electrical stimulation combined with gait is better.展开更多
Extracellular matrix(ECM)with mimetic tissue niches was attractive to facilitate tissue regeneration in situ via recruitment of endogenous cells and stimulation of self-healing process.However,how to engineer the comp...Extracellular matrix(ECM)with mimetic tissue niches was attractive to facilitate tissue regeneration in situ via recruitment of endogenous cells and stimulation of self-healing process.However,how to engineer the complicate tissue specific ECM with unique matrisome in vitro was a challenge of ECM-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Here,we introduced coculture system to engineer bone mimetic ECM niche guided by cell-cell communication.In the cocultures,fibroblasts promoted osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts via extracellular vesicles.The generated ECM(MN-ECM)displayed a unique appearance of morphology and biological components.The advantages of MN-ECM were demonstrated with promotion of multiple cellular behaviors(proliferation,adhesion and osteogenic mineralization)in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo.Moreover,proteomic analysis was used to clarify the molecular mechanism of MN-ECM,which revealed a specific matrisome signature.The present study provides a novel strategy to generate ECM with tissue mimetic niches via cell-cell communication in a coculture system,which forwards the development of tissue-bioactive ECM engineering along with deepening the understanding of ECM niches regulated by cells for bone tissue engineering.展开更多
Infection in hard tissue regeneration is a clinically-relevant challenge.Development of scaffolds with dual function for promoting bone/dental tissue growth and preventing bacterial infections is a critical need in th...Infection in hard tissue regeneration is a clinically-relevant challenge.Development of scaffolds with dual function for promoting bone/dental tissue growth and preventing bacterial infections is a critical need in the field.Here we fabricated hybrid scaffolds by intrafibrillar-mineralization of collagen using a biomimetic process and subsequently coating the scaffold with an antimicrobial designer peptide with cationic and amphipathic properties.The highly hydrophilic mineralized collagen scaffolds provided an ideal substrate to form a dense and stable coating of the antimicrobial peptides.The amount of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized fibers modulated the rheological behavior of the scaffolds with no influence on the amount of recruited peptides and the resulting increase in hydrophobicity.The developed scaffolds were potent by contact killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Streptococcus gordonii as well as cytocompatible to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.The process of scaffold fabrication is versatile and can be used to control mineral load and/or intrafibrillar-mineralized scaffolds made of other biopolymers.展开更多
Topological crystalline insulator(TCI)SnTe is a potential material for quantum electronic devices because of its attractive inherent sensitivity of band topology and highly mobile characteristic of Dirac fermions.The ...Topological crystalline insulator(TCI)SnTe is a potential material for quantum electronic devices because of its attractive inherent sensitivity of band topology and highly mobile characteristic of Dirac fermions.The proximity effect at the interface of SnTe film can affect the topological surface transport and may result in novel quantum magneto-electric effects.Here,we study the magnetoelectrical transport properties of SnTe thin films grown on ferrimagnetic insulators Eu_3Fe_5O_(12)(110)(EuIG(110))and Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)(111)(YIG(111))single-crystal underlayers by molecular beam epitaxy.Linear magnetic resistance(LMR)is observed in SnTe/Eu IG heterostructures in the low field range,which is different from the weak antilocalization(WAL)characteristic of SnTe/YIG heterostructures.Especially,the double carrier characteristic with the coexistence of holes and electrons in SnTe/Eu IG heterostructure is quite different from the holes as main carriers in SnTe/YIG,although the SnTe layer remains the same crystal plane(100)in the two heterostructures.The LMR in SnTe/Eu IG is attributed to the topological surface Dirac electrons and disordered domain distribution in the SnTe layer which is in sharp contrast to the WAL of SnTe/YIG with ordered domain distribution in the SnTe layer.The present studies of transport properties not only provide a fundamental understanding of the transport mechanism of TCI and magnetite insulator heterostructure but also display the promising application probability for tunable topological electronic devices.展开更多
基金This work has been supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1200105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172125,62371161).
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61871234 and 62375140)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX190900).
文摘A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the offsprings.The individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each iteration.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is reached.The GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification tasks.Importantly,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62375140)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX190900)。
文摘A single-qubit quantum classifier(SQC)based on a gradient-free optimization(GFO)algorithm,named the GFO-based SQC,is proposed to overcome the effects of barren plateaus caused by quantum devices.Here,a rotation gate R_(X)(φ)is applied on the single-qubit binary quantum classifier,and the training data and parameters are loaded intoφin the form of vector multiplication.The cost function is decreased by finding the value of each parameter that yields the minimum expectation value of measuring the quantum circuit.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost function satisfies the stop condition.The proposed GFO-based SQC is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets and compared with the Adam-based SQC and the quantum support vector machine(QSVM).Furthermore,the performance of the GFO-based SQC is discussed when the rotation gate in the quantum device is under different types of noise.The simulation results show that the GFO-based SQC can reach a high accuracy in reduced time.Additionally,the proposed GFO algorithm can quickly complete the training process of the SQC.Importantly,the GFO-based SQC has a good performance in noisy environments.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81430011, 31870065)。
文摘The oral microbial community is widely regarded as a latent reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms of 35 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) strains isolated from the dental plaque of a healthy human population. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) revealed that all the isolates were nonsusceptible to oxacillin and penicillin G. Most of them were also resistant to trimethoprim(65.7%) and erythromycin(54.3%). The resistance to multiple antibiotics was found to be largely due to the acquisition of plasmid-borne genes. The mec A and dfr A genes were found in all the isolates, mostly dfr G(80%), aac A-aph D(20%), aad D(28.6%), aph A3(22.9%), msr A(5.7%), and the erm C gene(14.3%). Classical mutational mechanisms found in these isolates were mainly efflux pumps such as qac A(31.4%), qac C(25.7%), tet K(17.1%), and nor A(8.6%). Multilocus sequence type analysis revealed that sequence type 59(ST59) strains comprised 71.43% of the typed isolates, and the e BURST algorithm clustered STs into the clonal complex 2-II(CC2-II). The staphyloccoccal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) type results showed that 25(71.43%) were assigned to type IV. Moreover, 88.66% of the isolates were found to harbor six or more biofilm-associated genes. The aap, atl E, embp, sdr F, and IS256 genes were detected in all 35 isolates. This research demonstrates that biofilm-positive multipleantibiotic-resistant ST59-SCCmec IV S. epidermidis strains exist in the dental plaque of healthy people and may be a potential risk for the transmission of antibiotic resistance.
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100202)。
文摘Toxic and harmful algal blooms are usually more frequent in mariculture areas due to the abundant trophic conditions.To investigate the relationship between toxic and harmful microalgae and environmental factors,we set up 12 stations near three mariculture regions(Gouqi Island,Sandu Bay,and Dongshan Bay)in the East China Sea.We collected samples from all four seasons starting from May 2020 to March 2021.We identifi ed 199 species belonging to 70 genera,of which 38 species were toxic and harmful,including 24 species of Dinophyceae,13 species of Bacillariophyceae,and 1 species of Raphidophyceae.The species composition of toxic and harmful microalgae showed a predominance of diatoms in the summer(August),and dinofl agellates in the spring(May),autumn(November),and winter(March).The cell densities of toxic and harmful microalgae were higher in summer(with an average value of 15.34×10^(3) cells/L)than in other seasons,3.53×10^(3) cells/L in spring,1.82×10^(3) cells/L in winter,and 1.0×10^(3) cells/L in autumn.Pseudo-nitzschia pungens,Prorocentrum minimum,Paralia sulcata,and Prorocentrum micans were the dominant species and were available at all 12 stations in the three mariculture areas.We selected 10 toxic and harmful microalgal species with frequency>6 at the survey stations for the redundancy analysis(RDA),and the results show that NO^(-)_(3),water temperature(WT),pH,DO,and NO^(-)_(2) were the main factors on distribution of toxic and harmful microalgae.We concluded that the rich nutrient conditions in the East China Sea mariculture areas increased the potential for the risk of toxic and harmful microalgal bloom outbreaks.
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of functional electrical stimulation and functional mid frequency electrical stimulation on lower limb function and balance function in stroke patients.Methods:20 cases of stroke patients with foot drop after admission were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,10 cases in each group.On the basis of the two groups of patients,the observation group used the gait induced functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the peroneal nerve and the pretibial muscle in the observation group.The control group used the computer medium frequency functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the peroneal nerve and the anterior tibial muscle for 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,the lower extremity simple Fugl-Meyer scale(FMA),the Berg balance scale(BBS)and the improved Ashworth scale were evaluated respectively,and the comparative analysis was carried out in the group and between the groups.Results:After 2 weeks of treatment,the scores of FMA and BBS in the two groups were significantly higher than those before the treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of FMA and BBS in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the flexor muscle tension of the ankle plantar flexor muscle of the observed group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Exercise therapy combined with gait induced functional electrical stimulation or computer intermediate frequency functional electrical stimulation can significantly improve lower limb function and balance function in patients with ptosis,and the therapeutic effect of functional electrical stimulation combined with gait is better.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31300800 , 81702625)the Zhejiang Province Welfare Technology Application Research Project(Grant No.2017C33135)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(Grant No.2018A610202 , 2019A610309)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
文摘Extracellular matrix(ECM)with mimetic tissue niches was attractive to facilitate tissue regeneration in situ via recruitment of endogenous cells and stimulation of self-healing process.However,how to engineer the complicate tissue specific ECM with unique matrisome in vitro was a challenge of ECM-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Here,we introduced coculture system to engineer bone mimetic ECM niche guided by cell-cell communication.In the cocultures,fibroblasts promoted osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts via extracellular vesicles.The generated ECM(MN-ECM)displayed a unique appearance of morphology and biological components.The advantages of MN-ECM were demonstrated with promotion of multiple cellular behaviors(proliferation,adhesion and osteogenic mineralization)in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo.Moreover,proteomic analysis was used to clarify the molecular mechanism of MN-ECM,which revealed a specific matrisome signature.The present study provides a novel strategy to generate ECM with tissue mimetic niches via cell-cell communication in a coculture system,which forwards the development of tissue-bioactive ECM engineering along with deepening the understanding of ECM niches regulated by cells for bone tissue engineering.
基金Professor Jakub Tolar from the University of Minnesota for donating S.gordonii,E.coli,and hBM-MSCs,respectively.The authors also acknowledge Neus BahíVives from Eurecat for technical assistance with the TGA/DTG analysis.This research was supported by the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health[grant number R01DE026117 to C.A.,T90DE0227232 to N.G.F.],the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences[Translational Research Development Program-TRDP award to Z.Y.from grant UL1TR002494],the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2042020kf0191 to X.Z.],the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 81400506 to Y.Q.]and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province[grant number 2018B030311040 to Y.Q.].NGF acknowledges support from a 3 M Science and Technology Fellowship.The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.Parts of this work were carried out in the University of Minnesota I.T.Characterization Facility,which receives partial support from NSF through the MRSEC program.Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed at the University of Minnesota-University Imaging Center.
文摘Infection in hard tissue regeneration is a clinically-relevant challenge.Development of scaffolds with dual function for promoting bone/dental tissue growth and preventing bacterial infections is a critical need in the field.Here we fabricated hybrid scaffolds by intrafibrillar-mineralization of collagen using a biomimetic process and subsequently coating the scaffold with an antimicrobial designer peptide with cationic and amphipathic properties.The highly hydrophilic mineralized collagen scaffolds provided an ideal substrate to form a dense and stable coating of the antimicrobial peptides.The amount of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized fibers modulated the rheological behavior of the scaffolds with no influence on the amount of recruited peptides and the resulting increase in hydrophobicity.The developed scaffolds were potent by contact killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Streptococcus gordonii as well as cytocompatible to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.The process of scaffold fabrication is versatile and can be used to control mineral load and/or intrafibrillar-mineralized scaffolds made of other biopolymers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071324,51871219,and 52031014)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0206301)。
文摘Topological crystalline insulator(TCI)SnTe is a potential material for quantum electronic devices because of its attractive inherent sensitivity of band topology and highly mobile characteristic of Dirac fermions.The proximity effect at the interface of SnTe film can affect the topological surface transport and may result in novel quantum magneto-electric effects.Here,we study the magnetoelectrical transport properties of SnTe thin films grown on ferrimagnetic insulators Eu_3Fe_5O_(12)(110)(EuIG(110))and Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)(111)(YIG(111))single-crystal underlayers by molecular beam epitaxy.Linear magnetic resistance(LMR)is observed in SnTe/Eu IG heterostructures in the low field range,which is different from the weak antilocalization(WAL)characteristic of SnTe/YIG heterostructures.Especially,the double carrier characteristic with the coexistence of holes and electrons in SnTe/Eu IG heterostructure is quite different from the holes as main carriers in SnTe/YIG,although the SnTe layer remains the same crystal plane(100)in the two heterostructures.The LMR in SnTe/Eu IG is attributed to the topological surface Dirac electrons and disordered domain distribution in the SnTe layer which is in sharp contrast to the WAL of SnTe/YIG with ordered domain distribution in the SnTe layer.The present studies of transport properties not only provide a fundamental understanding of the transport mechanism of TCI and magnetite insulator heterostructure but also display the promising application probability for tunable topological electronic devices.
