This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma(NTG),a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers alike.NTG,ch...This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma(NTG),a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers alike.NTG,characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite normal intraocular pressure,has long puzzled clinicians.One emerging perspective suggests that alterations in ocular blood flow,particularly within the optic nerve head,may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.While NTG shares commonalities with its high-tension counterpart,its unique pathogenesis and potential ties to cardiovascular health make it a fascinating subject of exploration.It navigates through the complex web of vascular dysregulation,blood pressure and perfusion pressure,neurovascular coupling,and oxidative stress,seeking to uncover the hidden threads that tie the heart and eyes together in NTG.This review explores into the intricate mechanisms connecting cardiovascular factors to NTG,shedding light on how cardiac dynamics can influence ocular health,particularly in cases where intraocular pressure remains within the normal range.NTG's enigmatic nature,often characterized by seemingly contradictory risk factors and clinical profiles,underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care.Drawing parallels to cardiac health,we examine into the shared vascular terrain connecting the heart and the eyes.Cardiovascular factors,including systemic blood flow,endothelial dysfunction,and microcirculatory anomalies,may exert a profound influence on ocular perfusion,impacting the delicate balance within the optic nerve head.By elucidating the subtle clues and potential associations between cardiology and NTG,this review invites clinicians to consider a broader perspective in their evaluation and management of this elusive condition.As the understanding of these connections evolves,so too may the prospects for early diagnosis and tailored interventions,ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those living with NTG.展开更多
In the retrospective study by Luo et al regarding clinical outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),the results are statistically significant in favour of the benefits of individualized nutrition interventions e...In the retrospective study by Luo et al regarding clinical outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),the results are statistically significant in favour of the benefits of individualized nutrition interventions enumerated therein.The study has provided important evidence to improve maternal and child health in the Asian population.The methods,however,appear to have considerable limi-tations,wherein the time point of diagnosis of GDM,severity of GDM,selection bias,compliance to therapy,important maternal covariates,observable microvascular abnormalities and the confounding effect of added insulin have not been considered.We have provided suggestions to improve the external validity of the study,including the use of Equator Network reporting guidelines and inclusion of overweight and obese patients in future studies.展开更多
This published Meta-Analysis by Lin et al is an indirect comparison between two drugs Chiglitazar and Thiazolidinedione which are commonly used for glycemic control in type-Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.In terms of safety and ...This published Meta-Analysis by Lin et al is an indirect comparison between two drugs Chiglitazar and Thiazolidinedione which are commonly used for glycemic control in type-Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.In terms of safety and efficacy,this Meta-Analysis is inconclusive.展开更多
The article titled“Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients:Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?”gave insights into a pandemic systemic disease known as diabetes mellitus.This moder...The article titled“Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients:Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?”gave insights into a pandemic systemic disease known as diabetes mellitus.This modern-era pandemic affects everyone,regardless of their financial background.As a result,diabetes is not a systemic disease which just involves people of low socioeconomic status.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics.It threatens healthy life around the globe,with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to s...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics.It threatens healthy life around the globe,with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to significant illness including nephropathy,neuropathy,retinopathy,and macrovascular abnormalities including peripheral vasculopathy,and ischaemic heart disease.Research into diabetic retinopathy(DR),which affects one-third of persons with diabetes,has made considerable strides in recent years.In addition,it can lead to several anterior segment complications such as glaucoma,cataract,cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands and other ocular surface diseases.Uncontrolled DM also caused gradual damage to corneal nerves and epithelial cells,which raises the likelihood of anterior segment diseases including corneal ulcers,dry eye disease,and chronic epithelial abnormalities.Although DR and other associated ocular complications are well-known,the complexity of its aetiology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging.Strict glycaemic control,early detection and regular screening,and meticulous management is the key to halting the progression of the disease.In this review manuscript,we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the broad spectrum of diabetic complications in the anterior segment of the ocular tissues and illustrate the progression of diabetes and its pathophysiology,epidemiology,and prospective therapeutic targets.This first such review article will highlight the role of diagnosing and treating patients with a plethora of anterior segment diseases associated with diabetes,which are often neglected.展开更多
BACKGROUND Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome(ARS)is a rare cause of congenital glaucoma and may result in loss of vision.ARS is mostly autosomal dominant in nature characterized by developmental abnormalities in the angle of a...BACKGROUND Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome(ARS)is a rare cause of congenital glaucoma and may result in loss of vision.ARS is mostly autosomal dominant in nature characterized by developmental abnormalities in the angle of anterior chamber and iris of the eye,also associated with structural abnormalities in the body.AIM To study and observe the demographics and clinical findings in a very rare ocular disease known as ARS.METHODS Case records of symptomatic patients attending Ophthalmology outpatient department and diagnosed to have ocular hypertension or glaucoma in 3 years from March 2017 to March 2020 were evaluated to search for cases diagnosed with ARS.Records of all patients diagnosed with ARS were then analysed for demographic and clinical characterization as well as management and success of therapy.RESULTS Eight out of ten patients with positive clinical signs were symptomatic and had glaucoma.One of these patients had limbal stem cell deficiency and another had vernal keratoconjunctivitis.CONCLUSION Clinical characterization of ARS is important for making a definitive diagnosis and determining prognosis.展开更多
Artificial Intelligence is a multidisciplinary field with the aim of building platforms that can make machines act,perceive,reason intelligently and whose goal is to automate activities that presently require human in...Artificial Intelligence is a multidisciplinary field with the aim of building platforms that can make machines act,perceive,reason intelligently and whose goal is to automate activities that presently require human intelligence.From the cornea to the retina,artificial intelligence(AI)is expected to help ophthalmologists diagnose and treat ocular diseases.In ophthalmology,computerized analytics are being viewed as efficient and more objective ways to interpret the series of images and come to a conclusion.AI can be used to diagnose and grade diabetic retinopathy,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,cataracts,IOL power calculation,retinopathy of prematurity and keratoconus.This review article intends to discuss various aspects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.展开更多
Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness.However,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condi...Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness.However,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition.Anxiety and depression,two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities,have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients.This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology,in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.By meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature,we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence,risk factors,and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in glaucoma.The evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood disorders.Factors such as progressive vision loss,complex medication regimens,and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their vulnerability.Moreover,we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders,shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional health.Our review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management,including their potential impact on treatment adherence,disease progression,and overall quality of life.We also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders,providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.In conclusion,recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered care.This review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of glaucoma.By addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care,healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients,ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by this condition.This review offers valuable insight for healthcare practitioners and researchers,providing a concise overview of key topics and research in the field of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.展开更多
文摘This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma(NTG),a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers alike.NTG,characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite normal intraocular pressure,has long puzzled clinicians.One emerging perspective suggests that alterations in ocular blood flow,particularly within the optic nerve head,may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.While NTG shares commonalities with its high-tension counterpart,its unique pathogenesis and potential ties to cardiovascular health make it a fascinating subject of exploration.It navigates through the complex web of vascular dysregulation,blood pressure and perfusion pressure,neurovascular coupling,and oxidative stress,seeking to uncover the hidden threads that tie the heart and eyes together in NTG.This review explores into the intricate mechanisms connecting cardiovascular factors to NTG,shedding light on how cardiac dynamics can influence ocular health,particularly in cases where intraocular pressure remains within the normal range.NTG's enigmatic nature,often characterized by seemingly contradictory risk factors and clinical profiles,underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care.Drawing parallels to cardiac health,we examine into the shared vascular terrain connecting the heart and the eyes.Cardiovascular factors,including systemic blood flow,endothelial dysfunction,and microcirculatory anomalies,may exert a profound influence on ocular perfusion,impacting the delicate balance within the optic nerve head.By elucidating the subtle clues and potential associations between cardiology and NTG,this review invites clinicians to consider a broader perspective in their evaluation and management of this elusive condition.As the understanding of these connections evolves,so too may the prospects for early diagnosis and tailored interventions,ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those living with NTG.
文摘In the retrospective study by Luo et al regarding clinical outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),the results are statistically significant in favour of the benefits of individualized nutrition interventions enumerated therein.The study has provided important evidence to improve maternal and child health in the Asian population.The methods,however,appear to have considerable limi-tations,wherein the time point of diagnosis of GDM,severity of GDM,selection bias,compliance to therapy,important maternal covariates,observable microvascular abnormalities and the confounding effect of added insulin have not been considered.We have provided suggestions to improve the external validity of the study,including the use of Equator Network reporting guidelines and inclusion of overweight and obese patients in future studies.
文摘This published Meta-Analysis by Lin et al is an indirect comparison between two drugs Chiglitazar and Thiazolidinedione which are commonly used for glycemic control in type-Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.In terms of safety and efficacy,this Meta-Analysis is inconclusive.
文摘The article titled“Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients:Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?”gave insights into a pandemic systemic disease known as diabetes mellitus.This modern-era pandemic affects everyone,regardless of their financial background.As a result,diabetes is not a systemic disease which just involves people of low socioeconomic status.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics.It threatens healthy life around the globe,with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to significant illness including nephropathy,neuropathy,retinopathy,and macrovascular abnormalities including peripheral vasculopathy,and ischaemic heart disease.Research into diabetic retinopathy(DR),which affects one-third of persons with diabetes,has made considerable strides in recent years.In addition,it can lead to several anterior segment complications such as glaucoma,cataract,cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands and other ocular surface diseases.Uncontrolled DM also caused gradual damage to corneal nerves and epithelial cells,which raises the likelihood of anterior segment diseases including corneal ulcers,dry eye disease,and chronic epithelial abnormalities.Although DR and other associated ocular complications are well-known,the complexity of its aetiology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging.Strict glycaemic control,early detection and regular screening,and meticulous management is the key to halting the progression of the disease.In this review manuscript,we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the broad spectrum of diabetic complications in the anterior segment of the ocular tissues and illustrate the progression of diabetes and its pathophysiology,epidemiology,and prospective therapeutic targets.This first such review article will highlight the role of diagnosing and treating patients with a plethora of anterior segment diseases associated with diabetes,which are often neglected.
文摘BACKGROUND Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome(ARS)is a rare cause of congenital glaucoma and may result in loss of vision.ARS is mostly autosomal dominant in nature characterized by developmental abnormalities in the angle of anterior chamber and iris of the eye,also associated with structural abnormalities in the body.AIM To study and observe the demographics and clinical findings in a very rare ocular disease known as ARS.METHODS Case records of symptomatic patients attending Ophthalmology outpatient department and diagnosed to have ocular hypertension or glaucoma in 3 years from March 2017 to March 2020 were evaluated to search for cases diagnosed with ARS.Records of all patients diagnosed with ARS were then analysed for demographic and clinical characterization as well as management and success of therapy.RESULTS Eight out of ten patients with positive clinical signs were symptomatic and had glaucoma.One of these patients had limbal stem cell deficiency and another had vernal keratoconjunctivitis.CONCLUSION Clinical characterization of ARS is important for making a definitive diagnosis and determining prognosis.
文摘Artificial Intelligence is a multidisciplinary field with the aim of building platforms that can make machines act,perceive,reason intelligently and whose goal is to automate activities that presently require human intelligence.From the cornea to the retina,artificial intelligence(AI)is expected to help ophthalmologists diagnose and treat ocular diseases.In ophthalmology,computerized analytics are being viewed as efficient and more objective ways to interpret the series of images and come to a conclusion.AI can be used to diagnose and grade diabetic retinopathy,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,cataracts,IOL power calculation,retinopathy of prematurity and keratoconus.This review article intends to discuss various aspects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.
文摘Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness.However,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition.Anxiety and depression,two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities,have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients.This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology,in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.By meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature,we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence,risk factors,and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in glaucoma.The evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood disorders.Factors such as progressive vision loss,complex medication regimens,and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their vulnerability.Moreover,we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders,shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional health.Our review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management,including their potential impact on treatment adherence,disease progression,and overall quality of life.We also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders,providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.In conclusion,recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered care.This review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of glaucoma.By addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care,healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients,ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by this condition.This review offers valuable insight for healthcare practitioners and researchers,providing a concise overview of key topics and research in the field of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.
