Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. Symptoms of the disease include nerve palsy, mononeuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, diabetic amyotrophy, painful polyneuropathy, autonomic n...Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. Symptoms of the disease include nerve palsy, mononeuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, diabetic amyotrophy, painful polyneuropathy, autonomic neu- ropathy, and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. In this study, type 2 diabetes in rats was induced with nicotinamide- streptozotocin. Drug treatment was initiated on the d 15, with the combination regimen of metformin, pioglitazone and glimipiride or metformin and sitagliptin or sitagliptin, amitriptyline and sitagliptin and led to significantly im- proved glycemic control, increased grip strength and paw jumping response on d 21, 28 and 35 （P 〈 0.001）. Signif- icant increases in blood protein levels and decreases in urinary protein levels were observed in the animals treated with the different regimens on d 21, 28 and 35 （P 〈 0.001）. Combined treatment of streptozotocin and nicotinamide caused marked degeneration of nerve cells, while administration of metformin and sitagliptin showed tissue regen- eration and no body weight gain. In conclusion, treatment with sitagliptin and sitagliptin combined with metformin or amitriptyline results in no body weight gain, but causes an increase in grip strength and pain sensitivity, exhibits neural protection, and reverses the alteration of biochemical parameters in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes.展开更多
The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv）...The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv） to produce arrhythmia in rats. The animals were then treated with T. cordifolia extract （150, 250, and 450 mg/kg） and verapamil （5 mg/kg,iv）. Lead II electrocardiogram was monitored. Plasma calcium, sodium and potassium levels were measured. In CaCl2 induced arrhythmia, heart rate was decreased by 41.10%, T. cordifolia at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg decreased the heart rate by 26.30%, 29.16%, and 38.29%, respectively, and verapamil reduced the heart rate by 9.70% compared to the normal group. The PQRST waves were normalized and atrial and ventricular fibrillation was controlled in rats treated with verapamil and T. cordifolia. CaCl2 increased calcium and sodium levels and decreased potassium levels in blood. T. cordifolia dose-dependently decreased calcium and sodium levels and increased potassium levels. Hence, T. cordifolia can be used in antiarrhythmic clinical settings and beneficial in atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter and may be indicated in ventricular tachyarrhythmia.展开更多
The present study investigated the effect of garlic （Allium sativum Linn.） aqueous extracts on ischemic pre- conditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury, as well as adenosine involvement in ischemic...The present study investigated the effect of garlic （Allium sativum Linn.） aqueous extracts on ischemic pre- conditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury, as well as adenosine involvement in ischemic pre- conditioning and garlic extract induced cardioprotection. A model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established using Langendorff apparatus. Aqueous extract of garlic dose was standardized （0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.07%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0,01%）, and the 0.05% dose was found to be the most effective. Higher doses （more than 0.05%） were highly toxic, causing arrhythmia and cardiodepression, whereas the lower doses were ineffective. Garlic exaggerated the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning and garlic cardioprotection was significantly attenuated by theophylline （1,000 ~tmol/L） and 8-SPT （10 mg/kg, i.p.） and expressed by increased myocardial infarct size, increased LDH level, and reduced nitrite and adenosine levels. These findings suggest that adenosine is involved in the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of garlic induced cardioprotection and mediated by the modulation of nitric oxide.展开更多
Communication is a significant part of being human and living in the world.Diverse kinds of languages and their variations are there;thus,one person can speak any language and cannot effectively communicate with one w...Communication is a significant part of being human and living in the world.Diverse kinds of languages and their variations are there;thus,one person can speak any language and cannot effectively communicate with one who speaks that language in a different accent.Numerous application fields such as education,mobility,smart systems,security,and health care systems utilize the speech or voice recognition models abundantly.Though,various studies are focused on the Arabic or Asian and English languages by ignoring other significant languages like Marathi that leads to the broader research motivations in regional languages.It is necessary to understand the speech recognition field,in which the major concentrated stages are feature extraction and classification.This paper emphasis developing a Speech Recognition model for the Marathi language by optimizing Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).Here,the preprocessing of the input signal is performed by smoothing and median filtering.After preprocessing the feature extraction is carried out using MFCC and Spectral features to get precise features from the input Marathi Speech corpus.The optimized RNN classifier is used for speech recognition after completing the feature extraction task,where the optimization of hidden neurons in RNN is performed by the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA).Finally,the comparison with the conventional techniques has shown that the proposed model outperforms most competing models on a benchmark dataset.展开更多
Background:In the general population,1 in 2000 people has keratoconus.Indians and other people from Southeast Asia have a higher incidence of keratoconus.Children with keratoconus typically present earlier in life and...Background:In the general population,1 in 2000 people has keratoconus.Indians and other people from Southeast Asia have a higher incidence of keratoconus.Children with keratoconus typically present earlier in life and with a more severe disease.Rubbing the eyes has been identified as a risk factor.Children have a higher incidence and a faster rate of keratoconus progression.Visual rehabilitation in children with keratoconus is challenging.They have a low compliance with contact lens use.Many of these children require penetrating keratoplasty at an early age.Therefore,stopping the progression of keratoconus in children is of paramount importance.Main text:Compared to treatment,keratoconus progression prophylaxis is not only preferable,but also easier.Corneal collagen cross-linking has been shown to be safe and effective in stopping its progression in children.The Dresden protocol,which involves central corneal deepithelization(7-9 mm),saturation of the stroma with riboflavin(0.25%),and 30 min UV-A exposure,has proven to be the most successful.Two significant disadvantages of the typical Dresden regimen are the prolonged operating time and the significant post-operative pain.Accelerated-CXL(9 mW/cm^(2) x 10 min)has been studied to reduce operative time and has been shown to be equally effective in some studies.Compared to accelerated CXL or traditional CXL,epi-off procedures,transepithelial treatment without the need for de-epithelialization and without postoperative discomfort,have been shown to be safer but less effective.Corneal crosslinking should only be performed after treating children with active vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Corneal opacity,chronic corneal edema,sterile infiltrates,and microbial keratitis have been reported after cross-linking of corneal collagen.Conclusions:The"Dresden protocol",also known as the conventional corneal cross-linking approach,should be used to halt the progression of keratoconus in young patients.However,if the procedure needs to be completed more rapidly,accelerated corneal crosslinking may be considered.Transepithelial corneal cross-linking has been proven to be less effective at stabilizing keratoconus,although being more safer.展开更多
In eukaryotic genome biology,the genomic organization inside the three-dimensional(3D)nucleus is highly complex,and whether this organization governs gene expression is poorly understood.Nuclear lamina(NL)is a filamen...In eukaryotic genome biology,the genomic organization inside the three-dimensional(3D)nucleus is highly complex,and whether this organization governs gene expression is poorly understood.Nuclear lamina(NL)is a filamentous meshwork of proteins present at the lining of inner nuclear membrane that serves as an anchoring platform for genome organization.Large chromatin domains termed as lamina-associated domains(LADs),play a major role in silencing genes at the nuclear periphery.The interaction of the NL and genome is dynamic and stochastic.Furthermore,many genes change their positions during developmental processes or under disease conditions such as cancer,to activate certain sorts of genes and/or silence others.Pericentromeric heterochromatin(PCH)is mostly in the silenced region within the genome,which localizes at the nuclear periphery.Studies show that several genes located at the PCH are aberrantly expressed in cancer.The interesting question is that despite being localized in the pericentromeric region,how these genes still manage to overcome pericentromeric repression.Although epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of the pericentromeric region,recent studies about genome organization and genome-nuclear lamina interaction have shed light on a new aspect of pericentromeric gene regulation through a complex and coordinated interplay between epigenomic remodeling and genomic organization in Cancer.展开更多
文摘Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. Symptoms of the disease include nerve palsy, mononeuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, diabetic amyotrophy, painful polyneuropathy, autonomic neu- ropathy, and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. In this study, type 2 diabetes in rats was induced with nicotinamide- streptozotocin. Drug treatment was initiated on the d 15, with the combination regimen of metformin, pioglitazone and glimipiride or metformin and sitagliptin or sitagliptin, amitriptyline and sitagliptin and led to significantly im- proved glycemic control, increased grip strength and paw jumping response on d 21, 28 and 35 （P 〈 0.001）. Signif- icant increases in blood protein levels and decreases in urinary protein levels were observed in the animals treated with the different regimens on d 21, 28 and 35 （P 〈 0.001）. Combined treatment of streptozotocin and nicotinamide caused marked degeneration of nerve cells, while administration of metformin and sitagliptin showed tissue regen- eration and no body weight gain. In conclusion, treatment with sitagliptin and sitagliptin combined with metformin or amitriptyline results in no body weight gain, but causes an increase in grip strength and pain sensitivity, exhibits neural protection, and reverses the alteration of biochemical parameters in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes.
文摘The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv） to produce arrhythmia in rats. The animals were then treated with T. cordifolia extract （150, 250, and 450 mg/kg） and verapamil （5 mg/kg,iv）. Lead II electrocardiogram was monitored. Plasma calcium, sodium and potassium levels were measured. In CaCl2 induced arrhythmia, heart rate was decreased by 41.10%, T. cordifolia at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg decreased the heart rate by 26.30%, 29.16%, and 38.29%, respectively, and verapamil reduced the heart rate by 9.70% compared to the normal group. The PQRST waves were normalized and atrial and ventricular fibrillation was controlled in rats treated with verapamil and T. cordifolia. CaCl2 increased calcium and sodium levels and decreased potassium levels in blood. T. cordifolia dose-dependently decreased calcium and sodium levels and increased potassium levels. Hence, T. cordifolia can be used in antiarrhythmic clinical settings and beneficial in atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter and may be indicated in ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
文摘The present study investigated the effect of garlic （Allium sativum Linn.） aqueous extracts on ischemic pre- conditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury, as well as adenosine involvement in ischemic pre- conditioning and garlic extract induced cardioprotection. A model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established using Langendorff apparatus. Aqueous extract of garlic dose was standardized （0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.07%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0,01%）, and the 0.05% dose was found to be the most effective. Higher doses （more than 0.05%） were highly toxic, causing arrhythmia and cardiodepression, whereas the lower doses were ineffective. Garlic exaggerated the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning and garlic cardioprotection was significantly attenuated by theophylline （1,000 ~tmol/L） and 8-SPT （10 mg/kg, i.p.） and expressed by increased myocardial infarct size, increased LDH level, and reduced nitrite and adenosine levels. These findings suggest that adenosine is involved in the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of garlic induced cardioprotection and mediated by the modulation of nitric oxide.
基金Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/349),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Communication is a significant part of being human and living in the world.Diverse kinds of languages and their variations are there;thus,one person can speak any language and cannot effectively communicate with one who speaks that language in a different accent.Numerous application fields such as education,mobility,smart systems,security,and health care systems utilize the speech or voice recognition models abundantly.Though,various studies are focused on the Arabic or Asian and English languages by ignoring other significant languages like Marathi that leads to the broader research motivations in regional languages.It is necessary to understand the speech recognition field,in which the major concentrated stages are feature extraction and classification.This paper emphasis developing a Speech Recognition model for the Marathi language by optimizing Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).Here,the preprocessing of the input signal is performed by smoothing and median filtering.After preprocessing the feature extraction is carried out using MFCC and Spectral features to get precise features from the input Marathi Speech corpus.The optimized RNN classifier is used for speech recognition after completing the feature extraction task,where the optimization of hidden neurons in RNN is performed by the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA).Finally,the comparison with the conventional techniques has shown that the proposed model outperforms most competing models on a benchmark dataset.
文摘Background:In the general population,1 in 2000 people has keratoconus.Indians and other people from Southeast Asia have a higher incidence of keratoconus.Children with keratoconus typically present earlier in life and with a more severe disease.Rubbing the eyes has been identified as a risk factor.Children have a higher incidence and a faster rate of keratoconus progression.Visual rehabilitation in children with keratoconus is challenging.They have a low compliance with contact lens use.Many of these children require penetrating keratoplasty at an early age.Therefore,stopping the progression of keratoconus in children is of paramount importance.Main text:Compared to treatment,keratoconus progression prophylaxis is not only preferable,but also easier.Corneal collagen cross-linking has been shown to be safe and effective in stopping its progression in children.The Dresden protocol,which involves central corneal deepithelization(7-9 mm),saturation of the stroma with riboflavin(0.25%),and 30 min UV-A exposure,has proven to be the most successful.Two significant disadvantages of the typical Dresden regimen are the prolonged operating time and the significant post-operative pain.Accelerated-CXL(9 mW/cm^(2) x 10 min)has been studied to reduce operative time and has been shown to be equally effective in some studies.Compared to accelerated CXL or traditional CXL,epi-off procedures,transepithelial treatment without the need for de-epithelialization and without postoperative discomfort,have been shown to be safer but less effective.Corneal crosslinking should only be performed after treating children with active vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Corneal opacity,chronic corneal edema,sterile infiltrates,and microbial keratitis have been reported after cross-linking of corneal collagen.Conclusions:The"Dresden protocol",also known as the conventional corneal cross-linking approach,should be used to halt the progression of keratoconus in young patients.However,if the procedure needs to be completed more rapidly,accelerated corneal crosslinking may be considered.Transepithelial corneal cross-linking has been proven to be less effective at stabilizing keratoconus,although being more safer.
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST-SERB),India,for funding(DST grant number:ECR/2016/001740)University Grants Commission,India,for fellowship support。
文摘In eukaryotic genome biology,the genomic organization inside the three-dimensional(3D)nucleus is highly complex,and whether this organization governs gene expression is poorly understood.Nuclear lamina(NL)is a filamentous meshwork of proteins present at the lining of inner nuclear membrane that serves as an anchoring platform for genome organization.Large chromatin domains termed as lamina-associated domains(LADs),play a major role in silencing genes at the nuclear periphery.The interaction of the NL and genome is dynamic and stochastic.Furthermore,many genes change their positions during developmental processes or under disease conditions such as cancer,to activate certain sorts of genes and/or silence others.Pericentromeric heterochromatin(PCH)is mostly in the silenced region within the genome,which localizes at the nuclear periphery.Studies show that several genes located at the PCH are aberrantly expressed in cancer.The interesting question is that despite being localized in the pericentromeric region,how these genes still manage to overcome pericentromeric repression.Although epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of the pericentromeric region,recent studies about genome organization and genome-nuclear lamina interaction have shed light on a new aspect of pericentromeric gene regulation through a complex and coordinated interplay between epigenomic remodeling and genomic organization in Cancer.
