In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-A...In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.展开更多
The exploitation of the underground is currently undergoing a major transformation process.Besides mining,alternative ways of utilization are playing an increasingly important role.These alternative utilizations inclu...The exploitation of the underground is currently undergoing a major transformation process.Besides mining,alternative ways of utilization are playing an increasingly important role.These alternative utilizations include the storage of gases,the disposal of radioactive wastes,and the implementation of geothermal storage facilities.In addition,more and more mining operations are being shut down,like the German hard coal mining industry in 2018.But the integrity of closed mines must be ensured in the post-mining phase.In order to capture such large and complex structures efficiently and reliably,new surveying techniques are required.A promising approach is the use of photogrammetric methods to generate three-dimensional models of the cavity.Photogrammetry is currently known mainly from aerial photography.It is conceivable to use such methods for underground applications.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the algorithm-based orientation of unstructured image sets.More powerful computer systems and the growing range of unmanned aerial vehicles could enable partially automated capture.However,a number of problems have to be solved for underground imaging techniques.Unfavorable exposure conditions complicate image alignment.Furthermore,the models must be integrated into existing surveying systems with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy.In order to consider the numerous technical aspects,the development of an integrated capture and evaluation approach is necessary.This could make an important contribution to the monitoring of critical cavities of different commodities.Such an approach would also fit into the current digitization trend in the mining industry and provide new opportunities for ground control in particular.展开更多
文摘In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.
基金The outlined research agenda is based on the results of a master thesis.The authors would like to thank Dr Ralf Schulte for his assistance and supervision during this thesis.It was completed at the Institute for Mine Surveying,Mining Subsidence Engineering und Geophysics in Mining in September 2019.The proposed doctoral project is funded by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom with funds supplied by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
文摘The exploitation of the underground is currently undergoing a major transformation process.Besides mining,alternative ways of utilization are playing an increasingly important role.These alternative utilizations include the storage of gases,the disposal of radioactive wastes,and the implementation of geothermal storage facilities.In addition,more and more mining operations are being shut down,like the German hard coal mining industry in 2018.But the integrity of closed mines must be ensured in the post-mining phase.In order to capture such large and complex structures efficiently and reliably,new surveying techniques are required.A promising approach is the use of photogrammetric methods to generate three-dimensional models of the cavity.Photogrammetry is currently known mainly from aerial photography.It is conceivable to use such methods for underground applications.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the algorithm-based orientation of unstructured image sets.More powerful computer systems and the growing range of unmanned aerial vehicles could enable partially automated capture.However,a number of problems have to be solved for underground imaging techniques.Unfavorable exposure conditions complicate image alignment.Furthermore,the models must be integrated into existing surveying systems with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy.In order to consider the numerous technical aspects,the development of an integrated capture and evaluation approach is necessary.This could make an important contribution to the monitoring of critical cavities of different commodities.Such an approach would also fit into the current digitization trend in the mining industry and provide new opportunities for ground control in particular.
