Temperature vegetation dryness index （TVDI） and crop water stress index （CWSI） are two commonly used remote sens- ing-based agricultural drought indicators. This study explored the applicability of monthly moderat...Temperature vegetation dryness index （TVDI） and crop water stress index （CWSI） are two commonly used remote sens- ing-based agricultural drought indicators. This study explored the applicability of monthly moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and land surface temperature （LST） data for agricultural drought monitoring in the Guanzhong Plain, China in 2003. The data were processed using TVDI, calculated by parameterizing the relationship between the MODIS NDVI and LST data. We compared the effectiveness of TVDI against CWSI, derived from the MOD16 products, for drought monitoring. In addition, the surface soil moisture and monthly pre- cipitation were collected and used for verification of the results. Results from the study showed that： （1） drought conditions measured by TVDI and CWSI had a number of similarities, which indicated that both CWSI and TVDI can be used for drought monitoring, although they had some discrepancies in the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought intensity of this region; and （2） both standardized precipitation index （SPI） and SM contents at the depth of 10 and 20 cm had better correlations to CWSI than to TVDI, indicating that there were more statistically significant relationships between CWSI and SPI/SM, and that CWSI is a more reliable indicator for assessing and monitoring droughts in this region.展开更多
目的基于全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2019研究,对比全球以及美国、日本和印度,分析中国心血管病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)的疾病负担流行趋势和危险因素。方法通过全球健康交流数据库(Global Health Data Exchange,...目的基于全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2019研究,对比全球以及美国、日本和印度,分析中国心血管病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)的疾病负担流行趋势和危险因素。方法通过全球健康交流数据库(Global Health Data Exchange,GHDx)获取数据,分性别、年龄分析中国CVD患病、发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)等疾病负担现状和主要危险因素;利用年龄标化率对比中、美、日、印在1990—2019年期间CVD疾病负担变化趋势。结果2019年,中国CVD患病人数为1.20亿,新发病例数1234.11万,死亡458.43万;患病率、发病率、死亡率和DALY率从1990年的4235.43/10万、447.81/10万、204.75/10万和5091.03/10万,分别升高至2019年的8460.08/10万、867.65/10万、322.30/10万和6463.47/10万。患病率、发病率、死亡率和DALY率均随年龄呈上升趋势,且男性CVD疾病负担高于女性。尽管消除人口老龄化因素影响,中国CVD标化死亡率由1990年的381.21/10万下降至2019年的276.93/10万,标化DALY率由7412.81/10万下降至4938.38/10万,但仍略高于全球,且明显高于美国和日本。此外,2019年中国CVD前4位危险因素依次为高血压、饮食因素、空气污染和烟草,这些因素导致的CVD疾病负担均高于全球平均水平。结论由于高血压、饮食因素、空气污染和烟草等原因,加上人口老龄化迅速,中国CVD疾病负担仍然十分严峻,需要引起相关部门重视。展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171310)
文摘Temperature vegetation dryness index （TVDI） and crop water stress index （CWSI） are two commonly used remote sens- ing-based agricultural drought indicators. This study explored the applicability of monthly moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and land surface temperature （LST） data for agricultural drought monitoring in the Guanzhong Plain, China in 2003. The data were processed using TVDI, calculated by parameterizing the relationship between the MODIS NDVI and LST data. We compared the effectiveness of TVDI against CWSI, derived from the MOD16 products, for drought monitoring. In addition, the surface soil moisture and monthly pre- cipitation were collected and used for verification of the results. Results from the study showed that： （1） drought conditions measured by TVDI and CWSI had a number of similarities, which indicated that both CWSI and TVDI can be used for drought monitoring, although they had some discrepancies in the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought intensity of this region; and （2） both standardized precipitation index （SPI） and SM contents at the depth of 10 and 20 cm had better correlations to CWSI than to TVDI, indicating that there were more statistically significant relationships between CWSI and SPI/SM, and that CWSI is a more reliable indicator for assessing and monitoring droughts in this region.
文摘目的基于全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2019研究,对比全球以及美国、日本和印度,分析中国心血管病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)的疾病负担流行趋势和危险因素。方法通过全球健康交流数据库(Global Health Data Exchange,GHDx)获取数据,分性别、年龄分析中国CVD患病、发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)等疾病负担现状和主要危险因素;利用年龄标化率对比中、美、日、印在1990—2019年期间CVD疾病负担变化趋势。结果2019年,中国CVD患病人数为1.20亿,新发病例数1234.11万,死亡458.43万;患病率、发病率、死亡率和DALY率从1990年的4235.43/10万、447.81/10万、204.75/10万和5091.03/10万,分别升高至2019年的8460.08/10万、867.65/10万、322.30/10万和6463.47/10万。患病率、发病率、死亡率和DALY率均随年龄呈上升趋势,且男性CVD疾病负担高于女性。尽管消除人口老龄化因素影响,中国CVD标化死亡率由1990年的381.21/10万下降至2019年的276.93/10万,标化DALY率由7412.81/10万下降至4938.38/10万,但仍略高于全球,且明显高于美国和日本。此外,2019年中国CVD前4位危险因素依次为高血压、饮食因素、空气污染和烟草,这些因素导致的CVD疾病负担均高于全球平均水平。结论由于高血压、饮食因素、空气污染和烟草等原因,加上人口老龄化迅速,中国CVD疾病负担仍然十分严峻,需要引起相关部门重视。
