Objective There are evidences that heat wave events cause deaths and emergency cases. This article used the contingent valuation method to find the willingness to pay for the protective measures and investigated the f...Objective There are evidences that heat wave events cause deaths and emergency cases. This article used the contingent valuation method to find the willingness to pay for the protective measures and investigated the factors that influence the willingness to pay. Methods A cross-sectional face-to-face household survey was completed by 637 urban long-term residents and 591 rural long-term residents aged 15-79 in Beijing, China. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that influenced the payment rate or payment amount for the protective measures, including independent variables for district, gender, age, education, income, air conditioner ownership, heat wave experience, and chronic non-communicable disease. Results The payment rate was 41.1% for protective measures provided by the government and 39.5% by measures provided by the market. Most of the respondents were willing to pay 40 CNY per capita annually for measures provided by the government or the market. The factors influencing willingness to pay were district, gender, income, air conditioner ownership, heat wave experience, and chronic non-communicable disease. Conclusion Protective measures for heat waves need to be provided immediately. More attention should be paid to the situation of vulnerable groups, such as people who live in urban areas, those without air conditioning, and those who have experienced a heat wave in the past.展开更多
文摘高血压病是严重危害人类健康的心血管疾病之一,虽然国内外有大量流行病学研究分析温度与血压之间关系,但是相关的综述却很少。该文对国内外发表的关于温度与血压之间关系的流行病学研究资料进行综述。联机检索数据库包括Pub Med、Web of Science、Science Direct、CNKI、万方,甄选的方法采用关键词和相关参考文献追溯等途径,收集1980—2016年国内外发表的关于温度与血压关系的所有流行病学文献。共检索到符合要求的文献31篇,关注温度对血压影响的研究26篇,极端低温对血压影响的研究3篇,极端高温对血压影响的研究2篇。多数研究证明温度与血压呈负相关关系,部分研究结果发现温度对血压变化的影响存在温度阈值,其中,一些研究结果显示在高于温度阈值时,温度与血压才呈负相关关系;另一些研究结果显示在低于温度阈值时,温度与血压呈负相关关系,高于温度阈值时,温度与血压呈正相关关系。关于亚人群易感性的分析仍存在争议,需要未来研究进一步予以确认。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Number:21277135,91543111)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Project Number:8132048)
文摘Objective There are evidences that heat wave events cause deaths and emergency cases. This article used the contingent valuation method to find the willingness to pay for the protective measures and investigated the factors that influence the willingness to pay. Methods A cross-sectional face-to-face household survey was completed by 637 urban long-term residents and 591 rural long-term residents aged 15-79 in Beijing, China. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that influenced the payment rate or payment amount for the protective measures, including independent variables for district, gender, age, education, income, air conditioner ownership, heat wave experience, and chronic non-communicable disease. Results The payment rate was 41.1% for protective measures provided by the government and 39.5% by measures provided by the market. Most of the respondents were willing to pay 40 CNY per capita annually for measures provided by the government or the market. The factors influencing willingness to pay were district, gender, income, air conditioner ownership, heat wave experience, and chronic non-communicable disease. Conclusion Protective measures for heat waves need to be provided immediately. More attention should be paid to the situation of vulnerable groups, such as people who live in urban areas, those without air conditioning, and those who have experienced a heat wave in the past.
