Background:The expression of pyruvate kinase muscle 2(PKM2)is augmented in macrophages of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.The role of PKM2 in atherosclerosis is to be determined.Methods:Global an...Background:The expression of pyruvate kinase muscle 2(PKM2)is augmented in macrophages of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.The role of PKM2 in atherosclerosis is to be determined.Methods:Global and myeloid cell-specific PKM2 knock-in mice with ApoE^(-/-)background(ApoE^(-/-),PKM2^(KI/KI)and Lyz2-cre,ApoE^(-/-),and PKM2^(flox/flox))were produced to evaluate the clinical significance of PKM2 in atherosclerosis development.Wild-type and PKM2 knock-in macrophages were isolated to assess the function of PKM2 in macrophage phagocytosis.Atherosclerotic mice were treated with PKM2 inhibitor shikonin(SKN)to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PKM2 suppression in atherosclerosis.Results:Oxidized low-density lipoprotein(oxLDL)upregulated PKM2 in macrophages.PKM2 in return promoted the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages.Overexpressed PKM2 accelerated atherosclerosis in mice.SKN blocked the progress of mouse atherosclerosis.Conclusions:PKM2 accelerates macrophage phagocytosis and atherosclerosis.Targeting PKM2 is a potential therapy for atherosclerosis.展开更多
The Internet of things for environment monitoring requires high performance with low power-consumption gas sensors which could be easily integrated into large-scale sensor network.While semiconductor gas sensors have ...The Internet of things for environment monitoring requires high performance with low power-consumption gas sensors which could be easily integrated into large-scale sensor network.While semiconductor gas sensors have many advantages such as excellent sensitivity and low cost,their application is limited by their high operating temperature.Two-dimensional(2D)layered materials,typically molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)nanosheets,are emerging as promising gas-sensing materials candidates owing to their abundant edge sites and high in-plane carrier mobility.This work aims to overcome the sluggish and weak response as well as incomplete recovery of MoS2 gas sensors at room temperature by sensitizing MoS2 nanosheets with PbS quantum dots(QDs).The huge amount of surface dangling bonds of QDs enables them to be ideal receptors for gas molecules.The sensitized MoS2 gas sensor exhibited fast and recoverable response when operated at room temperature,and the limit of NO2 detection was estimated to be 94 ppb.The strategy of sensitizing 2D nanosheets with sensitive QD receptors may enhance receptor and transducer functions as well as the utility factor that determine the sensor performance,offering a powerful new degree of freedom to the surface and interface engineering of semiconductor gas sensors.展开更多
The cellulose synthase gene superfamily,including Cellulose synthase A(CesA)and cellulose synthase-like(Csl)gene families,is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose,respectively.The CesA/Csl genes...The cellulose synthase gene superfamily,including Cellulose synthase A(CesA)and cellulose synthase-like(Csl)gene families,is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose,respectively.The CesA/Csl genes are vital for abiotic stress resistance and shoot tenderness regulation of tea plants(Camellia sinensis).However,the CesA/Csl gene family has not been extensively studied in tea plants.Here,we identified 53 CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants.These genes were grouped into five subfamilies(CsCesA,CsCslB,CsCslD,CsCslE,CsCslG)based on the phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis and rice.The analysis of chromosome distribution,gene structure,protein domain and motif revealed that most genes in CsCesA,CsCslD and CsCslE subfamilies were conserved,whereas CsCslB and CsCslG subfamily members are highly diverged.The transcriptome analysis showed that most CsCesA/Csl genes displayed tissue-specific expression pattern.In addition,members of CsCslB4,CsCesA1/3/6,CsCslB3/4,CsCslD3,CsCslE1 and CsCslG2/3 subfamilies were up-regulated under drought and cold stresses,indicating their potential roles in regulating stress tolerance in tea plants.Furthermore,the expression levels of CsCslG2_6 and CsCslD3_5 in different tissues and cultivars,respectively,were positively correlated with the cellulose content that is negatively related with shoot tenderness.Thus,these two genes were speculated to be involved in the regulation of shoot tenderness in tea plants.Our findings may help elucidate the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants,and provide more candidate genes responsible for stress tolerance and tenderness regulation in tea plants for future functional research.展开更多
The voltage and frequency dynamics interact with each other in the island after splitting. The current frequency response model without considering the voltage effect would bring remarkable errors when analyzing the f...The voltage and frequency dynamics interact with each other in the island after splitting. The current frequency response model without considering the voltage effect would bring remarkable errors when analyzing the frequency dynamic progress in the island with large-capacity active-power shortage. In this paper, coupling effects of voltage and frequency are studied to indicate that initial reactive-power deficit and load characteristics have strong effects on the coupling effects of the voltage and frequency. Moreover, control effects of currently used under frequency load-shedding relays (UFLS) and under voltage load-shedding relays (UVLS) which are installed and executed independently are examined to find that it would sometimes cause excessive or inadequate control without considering the coupling, suggesting that it is necessary to develop coordinate control methods for voltage and frequency problems.展开更多
Infrared(IR) detectors have important applications in numerous civil and military sectors. Hg Cd Te is one of the most important materials for IR detector manufacture. This review systematically discusses the progress...Infrared(IR) detectors have important applications in numerous civil and military sectors. Hg Cd Te is one of the most important materials for IR detector manufacture. This review systematically discusses the progress of Hg Cd Te materials grown via molecular-beam epitaxy(MBE) for IR detection in terms of material physics, structure design, and fabrication. The material physics of Hg Cd Te includes crystal information, band structure, and electrical and optical properties. The characterization methods of the As-grown Hg Cd Te materials are also summarized. Then, four design structures of Hg Cd Te for IR detectors, with multilayer, superlattice, double-layer heterojunction, and barrier properties, which significantly improve the device performance,are discussed. The third section summarizes the studies on Hg Cd Te MBE-grown on different substrates, including Cd Zn Te, Si,and Ga Sb, in recent decades. This review discusses the factors influencing the growth of the Hg Cd Te film and their relationships and optimal conditions. Finally, we present the prospects and challenges associated with the fabrication and applications of Hg Cd Te materials for IR detectors.展开更多
This series of papers report on relay protection strategies that satisfy the demands of a strong smart grid.These strategies include ultra-high-speed transient-based fault discrimination,new co-ordination principles o...This series of papers report on relay protection strategies that satisfy the demands of a strong smart grid.These strategies include ultra-high-speed transient-based fault discrimination,new co-ordination principles of main and back-up protection to suit the diversification of the power network,optimal co-ordination between relay protection and auto-reclosure to enhance robustness of the power network.There are also new development in protection early warning and tripping functions of protection based on wide area information.In this paper the principles,algorithms and techniques of single-ended,transient-based and ultra-high-speed protection for EHV transmission lines,buses,DC transmission lines and faulty line selection for non-solid earthed networks are presented.Tests show that the methods presented can determine fault characteristics with ultra-high-speed(5 ms)and that the new principles of fault discrimination can satisfy the demand of EHV systems within a smart grid.展开更多
基金National Key R&D program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2500700The National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Grant/Award Number:81730078The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-049。
文摘Background:The expression of pyruvate kinase muscle 2(PKM2)is augmented in macrophages of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.The role of PKM2 in atherosclerosis is to be determined.Methods:Global and myeloid cell-specific PKM2 knock-in mice with ApoE^(-/-)background(ApoE^(-/-),PKM2^(KI/KI)and Lyz2-cre,ApoE^(-/-),and PKM2^(flox/flox))were produced to evaluate the clinical significance of PKM2 in atherosclerosis development.Wild-type and PKM2 knock-in macrophages were isolated to assess the function of PKM2 in macrophage phagocytosis.Atherosclerotic mice were treated with PKM2 inhibitor shikonin(SKN)to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PKM2 suppression in atherosclerosis.Results:Oxidized low-density lipoprotein(oxLDL)upregulated PKM2 in macrophages.PKM2 in return promoted the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages.Overexpressed PKM2 accelerated atherosclerosis in mice.SKN blocked the progress of mouse atherosclerosis.Conclusions:PKM2 accelerates macrophage phagocytosis and atherosclerosis.Targeting PKM2 is a potential therapy for atherosclerosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61861136004 and 61922032).
文摘The Internet of things for environment monitoring requires high performance with low power-consumption gas sensors which could be easily integrated into large-scale sensor network.While semiconductor gas sensors have many advantages such as excellent sensitivity and low cost,their application is limited by their high operating temperature.Two-dimensional(2D)layered materials,typically molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)nanosheets,are emerging as promising gas-sensing materials candidates owing to their abundant edge sites and high in-plane carrier mobility.This work aims to overcome the sluggish and weak response as well as incomplete recovery of MoS2 gas sensors at room temperature by sensitizing MoS2 nanosheets with PbS quantum dots(QDs).The huge amount of surface dangling bonds of QDs enables them to be ideal receptors for gas molecules.The sensitized MoS2 gas sensor exhibited fast and recoverable response when operated at room temperature,and the limit of NO2 detection was estimated to be 94 ppb.The strategy of sensitizing 2D nanosheets with sensitive QD receptors may enhance receptor and transducer functions as well as the utility factor that determine the sensor performance,offering a powerful new degree of freedom to the surface and interface engineering of semiconductor gas sensors.
基金the Technology Creation Center of Guizhou Tea Industrialization(Qiankezhongyindi[2017]4005)Training Project for Guizhou Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents(Qiankehe Platform Talent[2019]5651)Guizhou Science and Technology Planning Project(Qiankehe Support[2021]General 111)to Litang Lu,and Research Funds for Introduced Talents of Guizhou University to Qi Zhao.
文摘The cellulose synthase gene superfamily,including Cellulose synthase A(CesA)and cellulose synthase-like(Csl)gene families,is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose,respectively.The CesA/Csl genes are vital for abiotic stress resistance and shoot tenderness regulation of tea plants(Camellia sinensis).However,the CesA/Csl gene family has not been extensively studied in tea plants.Here,we identified 53 CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants.These genes were grouped into five subfamilies(CsCesA,CsCslB,CsCslD,CsCslE,CsCslG)based on the phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis and rice.The analysis of chromosome distribution,gene structure,protein domain and motif revealed that most genes in CsCesA,CsCslD and CsCslE subfamilies were conserved,whereas CsCslB and CsCslG subfamily members are highly diverged.The transcriptome analysis showed that most CsCesA/Csl genes displayed tissue-specific expression pattern.In addition,members of CsCslB4,CsCesA1/3/6,CsCslB3/4,CsCslD3,CsCslE1 and CsCslG2/3 subfamilies were up-regulated under drought and cold stresses,indicating their potential roles in regulating stress tolerance in tea plants.Furthermore,the expression levels of CsCslG2_6 and CsCslD3_5 in different tissues and cultivars,respectively,were positively correlated with the cellulose content that is negatively related with shoot tenderness.Thus,these two genes were speculated to be involved in the regulation of shoot tenderness in tea plants.Our findings may help elucidate the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants,and provide more candidate genes responsible for stress tolerance and tenderness regulation in tea plants for future functional research.
文摘The voltage and frequency dynamics interact with each other in the island after splitting. The current frequency response model without considering the voltage effect would bring remarkable errors when analyzing the frequency dynamic progress in the island with large-capacity active-power shortage. In this paper, coupling effects of voltage and frequency are studied to indicate that initial reactive-power deficit and load characteristics have strong effects on the coupling effects of the voltage and frequency. Moreover, control effects of currently used under frequency load-shedding relays (UFLS) and under voltage load-shedding relays (UVLS) which are installed and executed independently are examined to find that it would sometimes cause excessive or inadequate control without considering the coupling, suggesting that it is necessary to develop coordinate control methods for voltage and frequency problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072059,12274061,11774044,and 61971094)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(Grant Nos.2022NSFSC0870,and2022NSFSC0485)+1 种基金the Foundation of Sichuan Excellent Young Talents(Grant No.2021JDJQ0015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZYGX2020J023)。
文摘Infrared(IR) detectors have important applications in numerous civil and military sectors. Hg Cd Te is one of the most important materials for IR detector manufacture. This review systematically discusses the progress of Hg Cd Te materials grown via molecular-beam epitaxy(MBE) for IR detection in terms of material physics, structure design, and fabrication. The material physics of Hg Cd Te includes crystal information, band structure, and electrical and optical properties. The characterization methods of the As-grown Hg Cd Te materials are also summarized. Then, four design structures of Hg Cd Te for IR detectors, with multilayer, superlattice, double-layer heterojunction, and barrier properties, which significantly improve the device performance,are discussed. The third section summarizes the studies on Hg Cd Te MBE-grown on different substrates, including Cd Zn Te, Si,and Ga Sb, in recent decades. This review discusses the factors influencing the growth of the Hg Cd Te film and their relationships and optimal conditions. Finally, we present the prospects and challenges associated with the fabrication and applications of Hg Cd Te materials for IR detectors.
文摘This series of papers report on relay protection strategies that satisfy the demands of a strong smart grid.These strategies include ultra-high-speed transient-based fault discrimination,new co-ordination principles of main and back-up protection to suit the diversification of the power network,optimal co-ordination between relay protection and auto-reclosure to enhance robustness of the power network.There are also new development in protection early warning and tripping functions of protection based on wide area information.In this paper the principles,algorithms and techniques of single-ended,transient-based and ultra-high-speed protection for EHV transmission lines,buses,DC transmission lines and faulty line selection for non-solid earthed networks are presented.Tests show that the methods presented can determine fault characteristics with ultra-high-speed(5 ms)and that the new principles of fault discrimination can satisfy the demand of EHV systems within a smart grid.
