Quantitative estimation of the influence of various factors,such as black carbon,snow grain,dust content,and water con tent on albedo is essential in obtaining an accurate albedo.In this paper,field measurement data,i...Quantitative estimation of the influence of various factors,such as black carbon,snow grain,dust content,and water con tent on albedo is essential in obtaining an accurate albedo.In this paper,field measurement data,including snow grain size,density,liquid water content,and snow depth was obtained.Black carbon and dust samples were collected from the snow surface.A simultaneous observation using ASD(Analytical Spectral Devices)spectral data was employed in the Qiyi glacier located on Qilian Mountain.The measurements were compared with results obtained from the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SNICAR)model.Additionally,a HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)air mass backward trajectory model was used to track the source of black carbon.The simulation was found to correlate well with observed data.Liquid water content was the most influential factor of albedo among the several influencing fac tors,followed by black carbon content and snow grain size.Finally,snow density change had the least toward albedo.HYSPLIT atmospheric trajectories model can only approximately show the source of black carbon and not clearly indicate the source region of black carbon.展开更多
Supercapacitors have garnered significant attention due to their superior power density,excellent cycle stability,and fast charge/discharge rates.The properties of the electrode materials determine the charge storage ...Supercapacitors have garnered significant attention due to their superior power density,excellent cycle stability,and fast charge/discharge rates.The properties of the electrode materials determine the charge storage performance of supercapacitors.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a novel class of crystalline porous polymer materials with uniform nanoscale pores,large specific surface areas,and tunable redox-active groups within the framework,which can be tuned to suit specific applications.They have flexible molecular designs and synthetic strategies,demonstrating their strong application potential in the field of energy storage.Most COFs exhibit poor inherent conductivity and low utilization of active sites,resulting in incomplete electrochemical performance.Hybrid systems can be developed by incorporating redox-active groups,hydrogen bonding,or combining COFs with other materials to improve the energy storage performance of COFs materials.In this review article,the background of COFs is summarized,including a brief introduction,design strategy,and synthesis methods.It also discusses their applications in supercapacitors and is categorized into:pristine COFs,modified COFs,and COF matrix composites.Finally,the review addresses the challenges that remain for the practical application of these materials in supercapacitors.展开更多
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41501069,41571415)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA20060201,XDA19070302)Science&Technology Basic Resource Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0404302).
文摘Quantitative estimation of the influence of various factors,such as black carbon,snow grain,dust content,and water con tent on albedo is essential in obtaining an accurate albedo.In this paper,field measurement data,including snow grain size,density,liquid water content,and snow depth was obtained.Black carbon and dust samples were collected from the snow surface.A simultaneous observation using ASD(Analytical Spectral Devices)spectral data was employed in the Qiyi glacier located on Qilian Mountain.The measurements were compared with results obtained from the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SNICAR)model.Additionally,a HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)air mass backward trajectory model was used to track the source of black carbon.The simulation was found to correlate well with observed data.Liquid water content was the most influential factor of albedo among the several influencing fac tors,followed by black carbon content and snow grain size.Finally,snow density change had the least toward albedo.HYSPLIT atmospheric trajectories model can only approximately show the source of black carbon and not clearly indicate the source region of black carbon.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC1808903).
文摘Supercapacitors have garnered significant attention due to their superior power density,excellent cycle stability,and fast charge/discharge rates.The properties of the electrode materials determine the charge storage performance of supercapacitors.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a novel class of crystalline porous polymer materials with uniform nanoscale pores,large specific surface areas,and tunable redox-active groups within the framework,which can be tuned to suit specific applications.They have flexible molecular designs and synthetic strategies,demonstrating their strong application potential in the field of energy storage.Most COFs exhibit poor inherent conductivity and low utilization of active sites,resulting in incomplete electrochemical performance.Hybrid systems can be developed by incorporating redox-active groups,hydrogen bonding,or combining COFs with other materials to improve the energy storage performance of COFs materials.In this review article,the background of COFs is summarized,including a brief introduction,design strategy,and synthesis methods.It also discusses their applications in supercapacitors and is categorized into:pristine COFs,modified COFs,and COF matrix composites.Finally,the review addresses the challenges that remain for the practical application of these materials in supercapacitors.
