Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium.It has potent antimicrobial properties that can be used to promote plant growth and as a pesticide by inhibiting pathogens.B.velezensis has the capabi...Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium.It has potent antimicrobial properties that can be used to promote plant growth and as a pesticide by inhibiting pathogens.B.velezensis has the capability to generate a diverse range of enzymes that have potential applications in various fields,such as enzyme production,fermented food,degradation of pollutants,and bioenergy.In addition,B.velezensis is a promising probiotic.It possesses high bile-salt tolerance characteristics and has a high success rate of colonization in the intestinal mucosa.Besides,the strain can also regulate gut microbiota constitute by increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms and decreasing the number of pathogens.Furthermore,based on its special properties,including high-yield protease production and high salt-tolerance,B.velezensis shows potential for use in marine protein fermentation,opening up new avenues for the development of novel food products and bioactive peptides.In addition,B.velezensis can shorten the fermentation time as well as improve the nutritional value and flavor of fermented food.The safety of B.velezensis for food production was evaluated.This review provides valuable insights into the potential uses and benefits of B.velezensis,particularly in the context of fermented foods.展开更多
To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system w...To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system was designed and implemented on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). This system leverages two symmetric optics for joint plasma imaging. The optical system exhibits a spatial resolution less than 2 mm at the poloidal cross-section, distortion within the field of view below 10%, and relative illumination of 91%.The high-quality images obtained enable clear observation of both the plasma boundary position and the characteristics of components within the vacuum vessel. Following system calibration and coordinate transformation, the image coordinate boundary features are mapped to the tokamak coordinate system. Utilizing this system, the plasma boundary was reconstructed, and the resulting representation showed alignment with the EFIT(Equilibrium Fitting) results. This underscores the system's superior performance in boundary reconstruction applications and provides a diagnostic foundation for boundary shape control based on visible spectral imaging.展开更多
In 2021,EAST realized a steady-state long pulse with a duration over 100 s and a core electron temperature over 10 keV.This is an integrated operation that resolves several key issues,including active control of wall ...In 2021,EAST realized a steady-state long pulse with a duration over 100 s and a core electron temperature over 10 keV.This is an integrated operation that resolves several key issues,including active control of wall conditioning,long-lasting fully noninductive current and divertor heat/particle flux.The fully noninductive current is driven by pure radio frequency(RF)waves with a lower hybrid current drive power of 2.5 MW and electron cyclotron resonance heating of 1.4 MW.This is an excellent experimental platform on the timescale of hundreds of seconds for studying multiscale instabilities,electron-dominant transport and particle recycling(plasma-wall interactions)under weak collisionality.展开更多
In EAST long-pulsed discharge(hundreds of seconds),electric magnetic diagnosis(EMD)is very important,since EMD not only monitors tokamak security status but also provides accurate measurement accuracy for reconstructi...In EAST long-pulsed discharge(hundreds of seconds),electric magnetic diagnosis(EMD)is very important,since EMD not only monitors tokamak security status but also provides accurate measurement accuracy for reconstruction of the plasma boundary.To avoid current measurement drift,a fiber optic current sensor,based on the Faraday effect,is developed and used for poloidal and plasma current feedback control for the first time,relative current measurement accuracy is within 0.5%.To ensure plasma boundary control accuracy,a detailed set of magnetic measurement calibration methods is developed before the plasma discharge.The maximum relative error is less than 1%,the corresponding control accuracy is within 1 cm.To minimize integrator drift error,a long-pulse integrator test is essential,the corresponding drift error needs to be subtracted in plasma control system.Besides,the saddle coil and Mirnov coil not only help to detect MHD issues,but are also utilized for plasma disruption prediction during the long-pulse discharge.展开更多
In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an...In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an integrated control of the wall conditioning,plasma configuration,divertor heat flux,particle exhaust,impurity management,and effective coupling of multiple RF heating and current drive sources at high injected power.The plasma current（Ip - 0.45 MA） was fully-noninductively driven（Vloop 〈 0.0 V） by a combination of-2.5 MW LHW,-0.4 MW ECH and -0.8 MW ICRF.This result demonstrates the progress of physics and technology studies on EAST,and will benefit the physics basis for steady state operation of ITER and CFETR.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to establish a simultaneous detection method of shrimp viruses by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, to improve the efficiency of inspection and quarantine. [ Method] A novel rea...[ Objective] This study aimed to establish a simultaneous detection method of shrimp viruses by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, to improve the efficiency of inspection and quarantine. [ Method] A novel real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay was established and optimized for simultaneously detecting DNA/RNA of four shrimp viruses （WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV ）. [ Result] The optimized real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system gener- ated typical amplification curves with high amplification efficiencies （E = 1.06, 1.07, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively）, good hnear relationship （ r = 1 ）, uniform repeatability （ standard deviation = 0.05 - 0.46 ; variation coefficient = 0.26% - 1.62% ） and high sensitivity, exhibiting no significant differences compared with re- al-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （average error of Ct value = 0.04 -0.40; T = 0.53 -2.50; P 〉 0.05 ）. The total detection time was about 1 h. [ Conclusion] The optimized real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system can be used for rapid detection of WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV.展开更多
The HT-6M tokamak at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology has been restarted.In order to ensure the smooth breakdown of plasma and obtain plasma discharge parameters,optimization of the poloidal field coils an...The HT-6M tokamak at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology has been restarted.In order to ensure the smooth breakdown of plasma and obtain plasma discharge parameters,optimization of the poloidal field coils and upgrade of the magnetic diagnostics are described in this article.A perfect null field(stray field in the main chamber<10 G)is obtained using an ohmic heating field.To obtain important information about the plasma,an external magnetic diagnostics system is designed and calibrated,including a Rogowski coil(measuring plasma current),a magnetic probe(measuring external field),diamagnetic loops(measuringβ_(p))and so on.In order to realize high-frequency signal measurement and transmission,a series of frequency responses with the magnetic probe and transmission line are tested.Later,to verify the null field,a fitting code is developed to reconstruct the stray field in the vacuum chamber based on magnetic probe measurements and flux loops.The results show that the error is within 1.5%.This indicates the accuracy of the magnetic measurement system and ensures the preparation for the breakdown of plasma.展开更多
The absorption of neutral beam power and the fast ion stored energy in EAST plasmas with neutral beam injection(NBI)is analyzed to improve the calculation of thermal energy confinement time.The neutral beam power abso...The absorption of neutral beam power and the fast ion stored energy in EAST plasmas with neutral beam injection(NBI)is analyzed to improve the calculation of thermal energy confinement time.The neutral beam power absorption and fast ion stored energy are systematically calculated using the TRANSP code,through the investigation of global parameters including plasma current,line averaged density and beam energy.Results have shown that scaling laws for the NBI absorption coefficient and fast ion energy rate are obtained through statistical analysis.A comparison of the confinement improvement factor H98y2 with these new scaling laws against those assuming fixed coefficients is given.展开更多
Hemorrhagic cystitis(HC)is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).The incidence is about 7%to 68%,and some patients have to suffer a long period of frequent,urgent,and painfu...Hemorrhagic cystitis(HC)is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).The incidence is about 7%to 68%,and some patients have to suffer a long period of frequent,urgent,and painful urination,which brings great pain.This study aimed to analyze risk factors of HC and its effect on patient survival.We collected the medical records of 859 patients who underwent HSCT at our hospital between August 2016 and August 2020.Patients with and without HC were matched using propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio based on sex,age,and diagnosis,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with HC.We used Kaplan–Meier curves to analyze the survival rates of patients in the HC and non-HC groups.We also analyzed the relationship between BK viral load and the occurrence of HC using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis.After propensity score matching,there were 131 patients each in the HC and non-HC groups.In the HC group,89 patients(67.9%)had mild HC(stage II°)and 43(32.1%)had severe HC(stage III–IV).The median interval between stem cell transplantation and HC development was 31(3–244)days.Univariate analysis indicated that donor age,hematopoietic stem cell source,HLA,acute graft-versus-host disease,busulfan,anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG),total body irradiation,cytomegalovirus(CMV)(urine),and BK polyomavirus(BKV)(urine)were significantly associated with HC.ATG,CMV(urine),and BKV(urine)were independent risk factors for HC based on the multivariate analysis.The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between the HC and non-HC groups(P=0.14).The 1-and 2-year survival rates in the HC group were 78.4%and 69.6%,respectively,and the corresponding rates in the non-HC group were 84.4%and 80.7%,respectively.ROC analysis indicated that a urine BKV load of 1×10^(7) copies/mL was able to stratify the risk of HC.In conclusion,when the BKV load is>1×10^(7),we needtobe aware of the potential for the development of HC.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Public Welfare Project of Zhoushan City,Zhejiang(2022C31050)。
文摘Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium.It has potent antimicrobial properties that can be used to promote plant growth and as a pesticide by inhibiting pathogens.B.velezensis has the capability to generate a diverse range of enzymes that have potential applications in various fields,such as enzyme production,fermented food,degradation of pollutants,and bioenergy.In addition,B.velezensis is a promising probiotic.It possesses high bile-salt tolerance characteristics and has a high success rate of colonization in the intestinal mucosa.Besides,the strain can also regulate gut microbiota constitute by increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms and decreasing the number of pathogens.Furthermore,based on its special properties,including high-yield protease production and high salt-tolerance,B.velezensis shows potential for use in marine protein fermentation,opening up new avenues for the development of novel food products and bioactive peptides.In addition,B.velezensis can shorten the fermentation time as well as improve the nutritional value and flavor of fermented food.The safety of B.velezensis for food production was evaluated.This review provides valuable insights into the potential uses and benefits of B.velezensis,particularly in the context of fermented foods.
基金supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China (Nos. 2018YFE0302103 and 2018YFE 0302100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12205195 and 11975277)。
文摘To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system was designed and implemented on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). This system leverages two symmetric optics for joint plasma imaging. The optical system exhibits a spatial resolution less than 2 mm at the poloidal cross-section, distortion within the field of view below 10%, and relative illumination of 91%.The high-quality images obtained enable clear observation of both the plasma boundary position and the characteristics of components within the vacuum vessel. Following system calibration and coordinate transformation, the image coordinate boundary features are mapped to the tokamak coordinate system. Utilizing this system, the plasma boundary was reconstructed, and the resulting representation showed alignment with the EFIT(Equilibrium Fitting) results. This underscores the system's superior performance in boundary reconstruction applications and provides a diagnostic foundation for boundary shape control based on visible spectral imaging.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE03010003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12275309).
文摘In 2021,EAST realized a steady-state long pulse with a duration over 100 s and a core electron temperature over 10 keV.This is an integrated operation that resolves several key issues,including active control of wall conditioning,long-lasting fully noninductive current and divertor heat/particle flux.The fully noninductive current is driven by pure radio frequency(RF)waves with a lower hybrid current drive power of 2.5 MW and electron cyclotron resonance heating of 1.4 MW.This is an excellent experimental platform on the timescale of hundreds of seconds for studying multiscale instabilities,electron-dominant transport and particle recycling(plasma-wall interactions)under weak collisionality.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China(Nos.2018YFE0302100 and 2022YFE03010002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205195)。
文摘In EAST long-pulsed discharge(hundreds of seconds),electric magnetic diagnosis(EMD)is very important,since EMD not only monitors tokamak security status but also provides accurate measurement accuracy for reconstruction of the plasma boundary.To avoid current measurement drift,a fiber optic current sensor,based on the Faraday effect,is developed and used for poloidal and plasma current feedback control for the first time,relative current measurement accuracy is within 0.5%.To ensure plasma boundary control accuracy,a detailed set of magnetic measurement calibration methods is developed before the plasma discharge.The maximum relative error is less than 1%,the corresponding control accuracy is within 1 cm.To minimize integrator drift error,a long-pulse integrator test is essential,the corresponding drift error needs to be subtracted in plasma control system.Besides,the saddle coil and Mirnov coil not only help to detect MHD issues,but are also utilized for plasma disruption prediction during the long-pulse discharge.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Conlinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2015GB102000 and 2015GB103000)
文摘In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an integrated control of the wall conditioning,plasma configuration,divertor heat flux,particle exhaust,impurity management,and effective coupling of multiple RF heating and current drive sources at high injected power.The plasma current（Ip - 0.45 MA） was fully-noninductively driven（Vloop 〈 0.0 V） by a combination of-2.5 MW LHW,-0.4 MW ECH and -0.8 MW ICRF.This result demonstrates the progress of physics and technology studies on EAST,and will benefit the physics basis for steady state operation of ITER and CFETR.
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to establish a simultaneous detection method of shrimp viruses by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, to improve the efficiency of inspection and quarantine. [ Method] A novel real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay was established and optimized for simultaneously detecting DNA/RNA of four shrimp viruses （WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV ）. [ Result] The optimized real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system gener- ated typical amplification curves with high amplification efficiencies （E = 1.06, 1.07, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively）, good hnear relationship （ r = 1 ）, uniform repeatability （ standard deviation = 0.05 - 0.46 ; variation coefficient = 0.26% - 1.62% ） and high sensitivity, exhibiting no significant differences compared with re- al-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （average error of Ct value = 0.04 -0.40; T = 0.53 -2.50; P 〉 0.05 ）. The total detection time was about 1 h. [ Conclusion] The optimized real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system can be used for rapid detection of WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV.
基金Project supported by the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFE0302100 and 2018YFE0301105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11875291)the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(Grant No.2018-000052-73-01001228)
文摘The HT-6M tokamak at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology has been restarted.In order to ensure the smooth breakdown of plasma and obtain plasma discharge parameters,optimization of the poloidal field coils and upgrade of the magnetic diagnostics are described in this article.A perfect null field(stray field in the main chamber<10 G)is obtained using an ohmic heating field.To obtain important information about the plasma,an external magnetic diagnostics system is designed and calibrated,including a Rogowski coil(measuring plasma current),a magnetic probe(measuring external field),diamagnetic loops(measuringβ_(p))and so on.In order to realize high-frequency signal measurement and transmission,a series of frequency responses with the magnetic probe and transmission line are tested.Later,to verify the null field,a fitting code is developed to reconstruct the stray field in the vacuum chamber based on magnetic probe measurements and flux loops.The results show that the error is within 1.5%.This indicates the accuracy of the magnetic measurement system and ensures the preparation for the breakdown of plasma.
基金Numerical computations were performed on the ShenMa High Performance Computing Cluster in Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of SciencesThe work is supported by National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFE0302100,2017YFE0301100)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775262,11975274,11805237,11705239)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2015GB102000).
文摘The absorption of neutral beam power and the fast ion stored energy in EAST plasmas with neutral beam injection(NBI)is analyzed to improve the calculation of thermal energy confinement time.The neutral beam power absorption and fast ion stored energy are systematically calculated using the TRANSP code,through the investigation of global parameters including plasma current,line averaged density and beam energy.Results have shown that scaling laws for the NBI absorption coefficient and fast ion energy rate are obtained through statistical analysis.A comparison of the confinement improvement factor H98y2 with these new scaling laws against those assuming fixed coefficients is given.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81670171 and 82070192)Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(20JCZDJC00410)thrombocytopenia funding from the Yeehong Business School of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(Sansheng TCP Young Research Funding,No.57).
文摘Hemorrhagic cystitis(HC)is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).The incidence is about 7%to 68%,and some patients have to suffer a long period of frequent,urgent,and painful urination,which brings great pain.This study aimed to analyze risk factors of HC and its effect on patient survival.We collected the medical records of 859 patients who underwent HSCT at our hospital between August 2016 and August 2020.Patients with and without HC were matched using propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio based on sex,age,and diagnosis,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with HC.We used Kaplan–Meier curves to analyze the survival rates of patients in the HC and non-HC groups.We also analyzed the relationship between BK viral load and the occurrence of HC using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis.After propensity score matching,there were 131 patients each in the HC and non-HC groups.In the HC group,89 patients(67.9%)had mild HC(stage II°)and 43(32.1%)had severe HC(stage III–IV).The median interval between stem cell transplantation and HC development was 31(3–244)days.Univariate analysis indicated that donor age,hematopoietic stem cell source,HLA,acute graft-versus-host disease,busulfan,anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG),total body irradiation,cytomegalovirus(CMV)(urine),and BK polyomavirus(BKV)(urine)were significantly associated with HC.ATG,CMV(urine),and BKV(urine)were independent risk factors for HC based on the multivariate analysis.The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between the HC and non-HC groups(P=0.14).The 1-and 2-year survival rates in the HC group were 78.4%and 69.6%,respectively,and the corresponding rates in the non-HC group were 84.4%and 80.7%,respectively.ROC analysis indicated that a urine BKV load of 1×10^(7) copies/mL was able to stratify the risk of HC.In conclusion,when the BKV load is>1×10^(7),we needtobe aware of the potential for the development of HC.
