Objective Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair,and Zuo Gui Wan(ZGW)is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for strengthening bones.However,the specific mechanism by which ZGW ...Objective Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair,and Zuo Gui Wan(ZGW)is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for strengthening bones.However,the specific mechanism by which ZGW regulates osteogenesis is still unclear.The current study is based on a network pharmacology analysis to explore the potential mechanism of ZGW in promoting osteogenesis.Methods A network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of ZGW in promoting the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Results In total,487 no-repeat targets corresponding to the bioactive components of ZGW were screened,and 175 target genes in the intersection of ZGW and osteogenesis were obtained.And 28 core target genes were then obtained from a PPI network analysis.A GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the relevant biological processes mainly involve the cellular response to chemical stress,metal ions,and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway,were associated with ZGW-promoted osteogensis.Further experimental validation showed that ZGW could increase alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity as well as the mRNA and protein levels of ALP,osteocalcin(OCN),and runt related transcription factor 2(Runx 2).What’s more,Western blot analysis results showed that ZGW significantly increased the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT,and the increases of these protein levels significantly receded after the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Finally,the upregulated osteogenic-related indicators were also suppressed by the addition of LY294002.Conclusion ZGW promotes the osteogenesis of BMSCs via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
The performance of the metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)highly relies on the experimental parameters,including the fabrication processes and the compositions of the perovskites;tremendous experimental work has...The performance of the metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)highly relies on the experimental parameters,including the fabrication processes and the compositions of the perovskites;tremendous experimental work has been done to optimize these factors.However,predicting the device performance of the PSCs from the fabrication parameters before experiments is still challenging.Herein,we bridge this gap by machine learning(ML)based on a dataset including 1072 devices from peer-reviewed publications.The optimized ML model accurately predicts the PCE from the experimental parameters with a root mean square error of 1.28%and a Pearson coefficientr of 0.768.Moreover,the factors governing the device performance are ranked by shapley additive explanations(SHAP),among which,A-site cation is crucial to getting highly efficient PSCs.Experiments and density functional theory calculations are employed to validate and help explain the predicting results by the ML model.Our work reveals the feasibility of ML in predicting the device performance from the experimental parameters before experiments,which enables the reverse experimental design toward highly efficient PSCs.展开更多
Interface engineering is proved to be the most important strategy to push the device performance of the perovskite solar cell(PSC) to its limit, and numerous works have been conducted to screen efficient materials. He...Interface engineering is proved to be the most important strategy to push the device performance of the perovskite solar cell(PSC) to its limit, and numerous works have been conducted to screen efficient materials. Here, on the basis of the previous studies, we employ machine learning to map the relationship between the interface material and the device performance, leading to intelligently screening interface materials towards minimizing voltage losses in p-i-n type PSCs. To enhance the explainability of the machine learning models, molecular descriptors are used to represent the materials. Furthermore,experimental analysis with different characterization methods and device simulation based on the drift-diffusion physical model are conducted to get physical insights and validate the machine learning models. Accordingly, 3-thiophene ethylamine hydrochloride(Th EACl) is screened as an example, which enables remarkable improvements in VOCand PCE of the PSCs. Our work reveals the critical role of datadriven analysis in the high throughput screening of interface materials, which will significantly accelerate the exploration of new materials for high-efficiency PSCs.展开更多
The rapid expansion of urban construction land has become the major characteristic of urban land-use change in China today. Meanwhile, the rapid urbanization process has led to the great changes of urban landscape in ...The rapid expansion of urban construction land has become the major characteristic of urban land-use change in China today. Meanwhile, the rapid urbanization process has led to the great changes of urban landscape in China, and it also has had certain impacts on environmental factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, biodiversity, etc., then it has made the overall ecological environment deteriorated. This study is based on the summary and analysis of research on land-use change and ecological environment effect of urban landscape in recent 20 years in China, and it aims at providing scientific bases and theoretical supports for the planning and construction of urban landscape, the sustainable land-use of city and the protection of ecological environment in China.展开更多
AIM:To develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method to detect and quantify Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) from stool specimens.METHODS:Primers and a probe for real-time PCR were designed based on the spec...AIM:To develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method to detect and quantify Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) from stool specimens.METHODS:Primers and a probe for real-time PCR were designed based on the specific DNA sequence of the hipO gene in C.jejuni.The specificity of the primers and probe were tested against a set of Campylobacter spp.and other enteric pathogens.The optimal PCR conditions were determined by testing a series of conditions with standard a C.jejuni template.The detection limits were obtained using purified DNA from bacterial culture and extracted DNA from the stool specimen.Two hundred and forty-two specimens were analyzed for the presence of C.jejuni by direct bacterial culture and real-time PCR.RESULTS:The optimal PCR system was determined using reference DNA templates,1 × uracil-DNA glycosylase,3.5 mmol/L MgCl 2,1.25 U platinum Taq polymerase,0.4 mmol/L PCR nucleotide mix,0.48 μmol/L of each primer,0.2 μmol/L of probe and 2 μL of DNA template in a final volume of 25 μL.The PCR reaction was carried as follows:95 ℃ for 4 min,followed by 45 cycles of 10 s at 95 ℃ and 30 s at 59 ℃.The detection limit was 4.3 CFU/mL using purified DNA from bacterial culture and 10 3 CFU/g using DNA from stool specimens.Twenty(8.3%,20/242) C.jejuni strains were isolated from bacterial culture,while 41(16.9%,41/242) samples were found to be positive by realtime PCR.DNA sequencing of the PCR product indicated the presence of C.jejuni in the specimen.One mixed infection of C.jejuni and Salmonella was detected in one specimen and the PCR test for this specimen was positive.CONCLUSION:The sensitivity of detection of C.jejuni from stool specimens was much higher using this PCR assay than using the direct culture method.展开更多
To meet the growing demand for antibacterial implants for bone-implant-associated infection therapy and avoid the adverse effects of secondary surgery,a degradable platform with pH responsiveness and ion-associated an...To meet the growing demand for antibacterial implants for bone-implant-associated infection therapy and avoid the adverse effects of secondary surgery,a degradable platform with pH responsiveness and ion-associated antibacterial properties was constructed.A small amount of Sn added to Mg-1Zn alloy reduces the biocorrosion rate,which can be attributed to Sn participation in outer-layer film formation,significantly reducing the biocorrosion rate and hydrogen evolution rate after implantation in vivo.These Mg alloys,which are susceptible to degradation in the acidic bacterial microenvironment,degrade by releasing Mg,Zn and Sn,producing favorably alkaline and antibacterial conditions.Samples with the composition of Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn were found to be beneficial for promoting initial cell adhesion and proliferation,resulting in improved biocompatibility and biosafety.The biocompatibility of this alloy was confirmed by the healthy behavior of animals and the absence of acute or chronic toxicity in the liver,spleen,and kidneys.Our results demonstrate that Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn is safe for biological systems,enabling its efficacious use in biomedical applications.展开更多
Inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)with superior photoelectric properties are expected to have excellent performance in many fields.However,the anion exchange changes their features and is unfavorable f...Inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)with superior photoelectric properties are expected to have excellent performance in many fields.However,the anion exchange changes their features and is unfavorable for their applications in many fields.Hence,impeding anion exchange is important for improving the composition stability of inorganic lead halide perovskite NCs.Herein,CsPb X3(X=Cl,Br)NCs are coated with Cs4PbX6 shell to impede anion exchange and reduce anion mobility.The Cs4PbX6 shell is facily fabricated on CsPbX3 NCs through high temperature injection method.Anion exchange experiments demonstrate that the Cs4 PbX6 shell completely encapsulates CsPbX3 NCs and greatly improves the composition stability of CsPbX3 NCs.Moreover,our work also sheds light on the potential design approaches of various heterostructures to expand the application of CsPbM3(M=Cl,Br,I)NCs.展开更多
Surgical robots have been widely used in surgery.Currently,the da Vinci Surgical System(Intuitive Surgery,Inc.,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)is the most common robotic system used in the clinical setting.This system has proven use...Surgical robots have been widely used in surgery.Currently,the da Vinci Surgical System(Intuitive Surgery,Inc.,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)is the most common robotic system used in the clinical setting.This system has proven useful for lesions in occult positions,such as tumors at the base of the tongue,ranulas,and submandibular lithiases.It is less traumatic compared to traditional open surgical procedures;however,its suitability for punctures remains debatable.Remebot(Beijing Baihui Weikang Technology Co.,Ltd.;Beijing,China)is a surgical robot that is currently being used for neurosurgical procedures.Based on the intra-operational navigation,it can aid the surgeon with both the direction and depth of puncture,simultaneously.Although it can reportedly achieve an accuracy of 1.330±0.566 mm[1]in biopsy operations,the same has not been reported in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Therefore,in order to verify the feasibility of using a robot in oral and maxillofacial surgery,we chose to puncture the foramen ovale(FO)and foramina stylomastoideum(FS)in the present study.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted attention as potential biodegradable materials in orthopedics due to their mechanical and physical properties,which are compatible with those of human bone.However,the effect...Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted attention as potential biodegradable materials in orthopedics due to their mechanical and physical properties,which are compatible with those of human bone.However,the effect of the mismatch between the rapid material degradation and fracture healing caused by the adverse effect of hydrogen(H2),which is generated during degradation,on surrounding bone tissue has severely restricted the application of Mg and its alloys.Thus,the development of new Mg alloys to achieve ideal degradation rates,H2 evolution and mechanical properties is necessary.Herein,a novel Mg-1Zn-1Sn-xSr(x=0,0.2,0.4,and 0.6 wt%)quaternary alloy was developed,and the microstructure,mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and biocompatibility in vitro/vivo were investigated.The results demonstrated that a minor amount of strontium(Sr)(0.2 wt%)enhanced the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg-1Zn-1Sn alloy through grain refinement and second phase strengthening.Simultaneously,due to the high hydrogen overpotential of tin(Sn),the H2 release of the alloys was significantly reduced.Furthermore,Sr-containing Mg-1Zn-1Sn-based alloys significantly enhanced the viability,adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro due to their unique biological activity and the ability to spontaneously form a network structure layer with micro/nanotopography.A low corrosion rate and improved biocompatibility were also maintained in a rat subcutaneous implantation model.However,excessive Sr(>0.2 wt%)led to a microgalvanic reaction and accelerated corrosion and H2 evolution.Considering the corrosion resistance,H2 evolution,mechanical properties and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo,Mg-1Zn-1Sn-0.2Sr alloy has tremendous potential for clinical applications.展开更多
文摘Objective Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair,and Zuo Gui Wan(ZGW)is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for strengthening bones.However,the specific mechanism by which ZGW regulates osteogenesis is still unclear.The current study is based on a network pharmacology analysis to explore the potential mechanism of ZGW in promoting osteogenesis.Methods A network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of ZGW in promoting the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Results In total,487 no-repeat targets corresponding to the bioactive components of ZGW were screened,and 175 target genes in the intersection of ZGW and osteogenesis were obtained.And 28 core target genes were then obtained from a PPI network analysis.A GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the relevant biological processes mainly involve the cellular response to chemical stress,metal ions,and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway,were associated with ZGW-promoted osteogensis.Further experimental validation showed that ZGW could increase alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity as well as the mRNA and protein levels of ALP,osteocalcin(OCN),and runt related transcription factor 2(Runx 2).What’s more,Western blot analysis results showed that ZGW significantly increased the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT,and the increases of these protein levels significantly receded after the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Finally,the upregulated osteogenic-related indicators were also suppressed by the addition of LY294002.Conclusion ZGW promotes the osteogenesis of BMSCs via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3600403)the Natural Science Talents Foundation(Grant No.KSRC22001532)。
文摘The performance of the metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)highly relies on the experimental parameters,including the fabrication processes and the compositions of the perovskites;tremendous experimental work has been done to optimize these factors.However,predicting the device performance of the PSCs from the fabrication parameters before experiments is still challenging.Herein,we bridge this gap by machine learning(ML)based on a dataset including 1072 devices from peer-reviewed publications.The optimized ML model accurately predicts the PCE from the experimental parameters with a root mean square error of 1.28%and a Pearson coefficientr of 0.768.Moreover,the factors governing the device performance are ranked by shapley additive explanations(SHAP),among which,A-site cation is crucial to getting highly efficient PSCs.Experiments and density functional theory calculations are employed to validate and help explain the predicting results by the ML model.Our work reveals the feasibility of ML in predicting the device performance from the experimental parameters before experiments,which enables the reverse experimental design toward highly efficient PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075006)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB1500200)。
文摘Interface engineering is proved to be the most important strategy to push the device performance of the perovskite solar cell(PSC) to its limit, and numerous works have been conducted to screen efficient materials. Here, on the basis of the previous studies, we employ machine learning to map the relationship between the interface material and the device performance, leading to intelligently screening interface materials towards minimizing voltage losses in p-i-n type PSCs. To enhance the explainability of the machine learning models, molecular descriptors are used to represent the materials. Furthermore,experimental analysis with different characterization methods and device simulation based on the drift-diffusion physical model are conducted to get physical insights and validate the machine learning models. Accordingly, 3-thiophene ethylamine hydrochloride(Th EACl) is screened as an example, which enables remarkable improvements in VOCand PCE of the PSCs. Our work reveals the critical role of datadriven analysis in the high throughput screening of interface materials, which will significantly accelerate the exploration of new materials for high-efficiency PSCs.
文摘The rapid expansion of urban construction land has become the major characteristic of urban land-use change in China today. Meanwhile, the rapid urbanization process has led to the great changes of urban landscape in China, and it also has had certain impacts on environmental factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, biodiversity, etc., then it has made the overall ecological environment deteriorated. This study is based on the summary and analysis of research on land-use change and ecological environment effect of urban landscape in recent 20 years in China, and it aims at providing scientific bases and theoretical supports for the planning and construction of urban landscape, the sustainable land-use of city and the protection of ecological environment in China.
基金Supported by The General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271789the Major State Basic Research Development Program,No.2013CB127204
文摘AIM:To develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method to detect and quantify Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) from stool specimens.METHODS:Primers and a probe for real-time PCR were designed based on the specific DNA sequence of the hipO gene in C.jejuni.The specificity of the primers and probe were tested against a set of Campylobacter spp.and other enteric pathogens.The optimal PCR conditions were determined by testing a series of conditions with standard a C.jejuni template.The detection limits were obtained using purified DNA from bacterial culture and extracted DNA from the stool specimen.Two hundred and forty-two specimens were analyzed for the presence of C.jejuni by direct bacterial culture and real-time PCR.RESULTS:The optimal PCR system was determined using reference DNA templates,1 × uracil-DNA glycosylase,3.5 mmol/L MgCl 2,1.25 U platinum Taq polymerase,0.4 mmol/L PCR nucleotide mix,0.48 μmol/L of each primer,0.2 μmol/L of probe and 2 μL of DNA template in a final volume of 25 μL.The PCR reaction was carried as follows:95 ℃ for 4 min,followed by 45 cycles of 10 s at 95 ℃ and 30 s at 59 ℃.The detection limit was 4.3 CFU/mL using purified DNA from bacterial culture and 10 3 CFU/g using DNA from stool specimens.Twenty(8.3%,20/242) C.jejuni strains were isolated from bacterial culture,while 41(16.9%,41/242) samples were found to be positive by realtime PCR.DNA sequencing of the PCR product indicated the presence of C.jejuni in the specimen.One mixed infection of C.jejuni and Salmonella was detected in one specimen and the PCR test for this specimen was positive.CONCLUSION:The sensitivity of detection of C.jejuni from stool specimens was much higher using this PCR assay than using the direct culture method.
文摘To meet the growing demand for antibacterial implants for bone-implant-associated infection therapy and avoid the adverse effects of secondary surgery,a degradable platform with pH responsiveness and ion-associated antibacterial properties was constructed.A small amount of Sn added to Mg-1Zn alloy reduces the biocorrosion rate,which can be attributed to Sn participation in outer-layer film formation,significantly reducing the biocorrosion rate and hydrogen evolution rate after implantation in vivo.These Mg alloys,which are susceptible to degradation in the acidic bacterial microenvironment,degrade by releasing Mg,Zn and Sn,producing favorably alkaline and antibacterial conditions.Samples with the composition of Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn were found to be beneficial for promoting initial cell adhesion and proliferation,resulting in improved biocompatibility and biosafety.The biocompatibility of this alloy was confirmed by the healthy behavior of animals and the absence of acute or chronic toxicity in the liver,spleen,and kidneys.Our results demonstrate that Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn is safe for biological systems,enabling its efficacious use in biomedical applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474018,61704007,and 61575019)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0404501)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2017RC034)the Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co.,Ltd
文摘Inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)with superior photoelectric properties are expected to have excellent performance in many fields.However,the anion exchange changes their features and is unfavorable for their applications in many fields.Hence,impeding anion exchange is important for improving the composition stability of inorganic lead halide perovskite NCs.Herein,CsPb X3(X=Cl,Br)NCs are coated with Cs4PbX6 shell to impede anion exchange and reduce anion mobility.The Cs4PbX6 shell is facily fabricated on CsPbX3 NCs through high temperature injection method.Anion exchange experiments demonstrate that the Cs4 PbX6 shell completely encapsulates CsPbX3 NCs and greatly improves the composition stability of CsPbX3 NCs.Moreover,our work also sheds light on the potential design approaches of various heterostructures to expand the application of CsPbM3(M=Cl,Br,I)NCs.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFB1304300)the Conversion Fund of PLA General Hospital(2017tm-018)+1 种基金the Clinical Research Support Fund of PLA General Hospital(2017fc-tsys-2013)the Research on Big Data Sharing Service Platform for Oral Cancer Imaging(2018mbd-13).
文摘Surgical robots have been widely used in surgery.Currently,the da Vinci Surgical System(Intuitive Surgery,Inc.,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)is the most common robotic system used in the clinical setting.This system has proven useful for lesions in occult positions,such as tumors at the base of the tongue,ranulas,and submandibular lithiases.It is less traumatic compared to traditional open surgical procedures;however,its suitability for punctures remains debatable.Remebot(Beijing Baihui Weikang Technology Co.,Ltd.;Beijing,China)is a surgical robot that is currently being used for neurosurgical procedures.Based on the intra-operational navigation,it can aid the surgeon with both the direction and depth of puncture,simultaneously.Although it can reportedly achieve an accuracy of 1.330±0.566 mm[1]in biopsy operations,the same has not been reported in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Therefore,in order to verify the feasibility of using a robot in oral and maxillofacial surgery,we chose to puncture the foramen ovale(FO)and foramina stylomastoideum(FS)in the present study.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874062)the Chongqing foundation and advanced research project(cstc2019jcyj-zdxmX0010)+2 种基金Project No.2018CDGFCL0005 and No.2019CDXYCL0031 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Basic Research and Frontier Exploration General Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(no:cstc2018jcyjA0543)Foundation for Young Scientist of the Medical Association of Sichuan Province(Q19069)The Research Foundation of science and technology bureau of Nanchong City(18SXHZ0147).
文摘Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted attention as potential biodegradable materials in orthopedics due to their mechanical and physical properties,which are compatible with those of human bone.However,the effect of the mismatch between the rapid material degradation and fracture healing caused by the adverse effect of hydrogen(H2),which is generated during degradation,on surrounding bone tissue has severely restricted the application of Mg and its alloys.Thus,the development of new Mg alloys to achieve ideal degradation rates,H2 evolution and mechanical properties is necessary.Herein,a novel Mg-1Zn-1Sn-xSr(x=0,0.2,0.4,and 0.6 wt%)quaternary alloy was developed,and the microstructure,mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and biocompatibility in vitro/vivo were investigated.The results demonstrated that a minor amount of strontium(Sr)(0.2 wt%)enhanced the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg-1Zn-1Sn alloy through grain refinement and second phase strengthening.Simultaneously,due to the high hydrogen overpotential of tin(Sn),the H2 release of the alloys was significantly reduced.Furthermore,Sr-containing Mg-1Zn-1Sn-based alloys significantly enhanced the viability,adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro due to their unique biological activity and the ability to spontaneously form a network structure layer with micro/nanotopography.A low corrosion rate and improved biocompatibility were also maintained in a rat subcutaneous implantation model.However,excessive Sr(>0.2 wt%)led to a microgalvanic reaction and accelerated corrosion and H2 evolution.Considering the corrosion resistance,H2 evolution,mechanical properties and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo,Mg-1Zn-1Sn-0.2Sr alloy has tremendous potential for clinical applications.
