Quality assessment is a critical component incrowdsourcing-based software engineering(CBSE)as soft-ware products arc developed by the crowd with unknownor varied skills and motivations.In this paper.we proposea novel ...Quality assessment is a critical component incrowdsourcing-based software engineering(CBSE)as soft-ware products arc developed by the crowd with unknownor varied skills and motivations.In this paper.we proposea novel metric called the project score to measure the perfor-mance of projects and the quality of products for compctition-based software crowdsourcing devclopment(CBSCD)activ-ities.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first work to deal with the quality issue of CBSE in the perspective ofprojccts instead of contcsts.In particular,we develop a hi-crarchical quality evaluation framework for CBSCD projects and come up with two metric aggregatibn modcls for projectscores.The first model is a modified squale model that canlocate the sofiware modules of poor quality,and the secondone is a clustering-based aggregation model,which takes dif-ferent impacts of phases into account.To test the effective-ness of the proposed metrics.we conduct an empirical studyon TopCoder,which is a famous CBSCD platform.Resultsshow that the proposed project score is a strong indicator ofthe performance and product quality of CBSCD projects.wealso find that the clustering-based aggregation model outpcr-forms the Squale one by increasing the percentage of the per-formance evaluation criterion of aggregation models by anadditional 29%.Our approach to quality assessment for CB-sCD projects could potentially facilitate software managersto assess the overall quality of a crowdsourced project con-sisting of programming contests.展开更多
The lack of genome editing platforms has hampered efforts to study and improve forage crops that can be grown on lands not suited to other crops.Here,we established efficient Agrobacterium-mediated clustered regularly...The lack of genome editing platforms has hampered efforts to study and improve forage crops that can be grown on lands not suited to other crops.Here,we established efficient Agrobacterium-mediated clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)genome editing in a perennial,stress-tolerant forage grass,sheepgrass(Leymus chinensis).By screening for active single-guide RNAs(sg RNAs),accessions that regenerate well,suitable Agrobacterium strains,and optimal culture media,and co-expressing the morphogenic factor Ta WOX5,we achieved 11%transformation and 5.83%editing efficiency in sheepgrass.Knocking out Teosinte Branched1(TB1)significantly increased tiller number and biomass.This study opens avenues for studying gene function and breeding in sheepgrass.展开更多
CRISPR-based genome editing technologies continue to drive major advances in life sciences.A major challenge for realizing widespread use of genome editing in plants and agriculture is establishing methods that enable...CRISPR-based genome editing technologies continue to drive major advances in life sciences.A major challenge for realizing widespread use of genome editing in plants and agriculture is establishing methods that enable the rapid,comprehensive,and precise evaluation of editing technologies using transient methods.Here we report a new and rapid genome editing evaluation method using Agrobacterium infiltration techniques to enable broad-spectrum,simplistic,and precise assessments of genome editing efficiencies.We employed an anthocyanin marker to facilitate visual screenings of genome-edited cells for use in adult strawberry fruits as well as tomato fruits,cotton leaves,and sugar beet leaves.Using this method,we demonstrate the ability to quickly measure genome editing efficiencies mediated by SpCas9,LbCas12a,A3A-PBE,ABE8e,and PPE.This new method will allow researchers to rapidly and easily evaluate genome editing tools across a broad spectrum of plant species,further expediting the development of genome-edited agricultural crops.展开更多
Genome editing provides novel strategies for improving plant traits,but relies on current genetic transformation and plant regeneration procedures,which can be inefficient.We have engineered a barley stripe mosaic vir...Genome editing provides novel strategies for improving plant traits,but relies on current genetic transformation and plant regeneration procedures,which can be inefficient.We have engineered a barley stripe mosaic virus(BSMV)-based sgRNA delivery vector(BSMV-sg)that is effective in performing heritable genome editing in Cas9-transgenic wheat plants.Mutated progenies were present in the next generation at frequencies ranging from 12.9%to 100%in three different wheat varieties,and 53.8%to 100%of mutants were virus-free.We also achieved multiplex mutagenesis in progeny using a pool of BSMV-sg vectors harboring different sgRNAs.Furthermore,we devised a virus-induced transgene-free editing procedure(VITF-Edit)to generate Cas9-free wheat mutants by crossing BSMV-infected Cas9-transgenic wheat pollen with wild-type wheat.Our study provides a robust,convenient and tissue culture-free approach for genome editing in wheat through virus infection.展开更多
基金supported by grants from State KeyLaboratory of Software Development Environment of BUAA of China(SKLSDE-2018ZX-03)NSFC(Grant No.61532004).
文摘Quality assessment is a critical component incrowdsourcing-based software engineering(CBSE)as soft-ware products arc developed by the crowd with unknownor varied skills and motivations.In this paper.we proposea novel metric called the project score to measure the perfor-mance of projects and the quality of products for compctition-based software crowdsourcing devclopment(CBSCD)activ-ities.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first work to deal with the quality issue of CBSE in the perspective ofprojccts instead of contcsts.In particular,we develop a hi-crarchical quality evaluation framework for CBSCD projects and come up with two metric aggregatibn modcls for projectscores.The first model is a modified squale model that canlocate the sofiware modules of poor quality,and the secondone is a clustering-based aggregation model,which takes dif-ferent impacts of phases into account.To test the effective-ness of the proposed metrics.we conduct an empirical studyon TopCoder,which is a famous CBSCD platform.Resultsshow that the proposed project score is a strong indicator ofthe performance and product quality of CBSCD projects.wealso find that the clustering-based aggregation model outpcr-forms the Squale one by increasing the percentage of the per-formance evaluation criterion of aggregation models by anadditional 29%.Our approach to quality assessment for CB-sCD projects could potentially facilitate software managersto assess the overall quality of a crowdsourced project con-sisting of programming contests.
基金supported by Key Projects in Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia (2021ZD0031)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA26030202)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS (2022096)。
文摘The lack of genome editing platforms has hampered efforts to study and improve forage crops that can be grown on lands not suited to other crops.Here,we established efficient Agrobacterium-mediated clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)genome editing in a perennial,stress-tolerant forage grass,sheepgrass(Leymus chinensis).By screening for active single-guide RNAs(sg RNAs),accessions that regenerate well,suitable Agrobacterium strains,and optimal culture media,and co-expressing the morphogenic factor Ta WOX5,we achieved 11%transformation and 5.83%editing efficiency in sheepgrass.Knocking out Teosinte Branched1(TB1)significantly increased tiller number and biomass.This study opens avenues for studying gene function and breeding in sheepgrass.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31788103 and 31971370)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFF1002802)the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Precision Seed Design and Breeding,XDA24020102).
文摘CRISPR-based genome editing technologies continue to drive major advances in life sciences.A major challenge for realizing widespread use of genome editing in plants and agriculture is establishing methods that enable the rapid,comprehensive,and precise evaluation of editing technologies using transient methods.Here we report a new and rapid genome editing evaluation method using Agrobacterium infiltration techniques to enable broad-spectrum,simplistic,and precise assessments of genome editing efficiencies.We employed an anthocyanin marker to facilitate visual screenings of genome-edited cells for use in adult strawberry fruits as well as tomato fruits,cotton leaves,and sugar beet leaves.Using this method,we demonstrate the ability to quickly measure genome editing efficiencies mediated by SpCas9,LbCas12a,A3A-PBE,ABE8e,and PPE.This new method will allow researchers to rapidly and easily evaluate genome editing tools across a broad spectrum of plant species,further expediting the development of genome-edited agricultural crops.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(Precision Seed Design and Breeding,XDA24020310 and XDA24020100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830106 and 31872637)+2 种基金The Project for Extramural Scientists of the State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology(2021SKLAB6-7)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2021TC112)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020000003).
文摘Genome editing provides novel strategies for improving plant traits,but relies on current genetic transformation and plant regeneration procedures,which can be inefficient.We have engineered a barley stripe mosaic virus(BSMV)-based sgRNA delivery vector(BSMV-sg)that is effective in performing heritable genome editing in Cas9-transgenic wheat plants.Mutated progenies were present in the next generation at frequencies ranging from 12.9%to 100%in three different wheat varieties,and 53.8%to 100%of mutants were virus-free.We also achieved multiplex mutagenesis in progeny using a pool of BSMV-sg vectors harboring different sgRNAs.Furthermore,we devised a virus-induced transgene-free editing procedure(VITF-Edit)to generate Cas9-free wheat mutants by crossing BSMV-infected Cas9-transgenic wheat pollen with wild-type wheat.Our study provides a robust,convenient and tissue culture-free approach for genome editing in wheat through virus infection.
