In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,e...In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,emergency communication,and real-time scheduling,demands advanced capabilities in real-time perception,automated driving,and digitized services,which accelerate the integration and application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the HSR system.This paper first provides a brief overview of AI,covering its origin,evolution,and breakthrough applications.A comprehensive review is then given regarding the most advanced AI technologies and applications in three macro application domains of the HSR system:mechanical manufacturing and electrical control,communication and signal control,and transportation management.The literature is categorized and compared across nine application directions labeled as intelligent manufacturing of trains and key components,forecast of railroad maintenance,optimization of energy consumption in railroads and trains,communication security,communication dependability,channel modeling and estimation,passenger scheduling,traffic flow forecasting,high-speed railway smart platform.Finally,challenges associated with the application of AI are discussed,offering insights for future research directions.展开更多
Oxynitride semiconductors are promising photocatalyst materials for visible light-driven water splitting,while the synthesis of well crystalized oxynitride still remains challenge.In present work,narrow-bandgap TaON n...Oxynitride semiconductors are promising photocatalyst materials for visible light-driven water splitting,while the synthesis of well crystalized oxynitride still remains challenge.In present work,narrow-bandgap TaON nanoparticles are synthesized via heating a vacuum-sealed mixture of KTaO_(3),Ta and NH_(4)Cl.This method possesses multiple advantages in terms of lower calcination parameter,higher N conversion efficiency and superior photocatalytic activity in comparison with the traditional thermal ammonolysis using NH_(3) gas as a nitrogen source.Through the analysis of intermediates produced upon the elevation of heating temperature,a gas-solid-phase reaction between TaCl_(5) and Ta_(2)O_(5) is demonstrated as the final step,which is conducive to decreasing thermal energy barrier and accelerating nitridation process.Precise control of preparation conditions,including calcination temperature and duration,allows for the regulation of surface O/N ratio of TaON particles to unity,resulting in optimized photocat-alytic activity.Photoelectrochemical assessment and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy provide convincing evidence for improved charge transfer effciency of photoexcited holes at TaON surface.A Z-scheme overall water splitting is accomplished by employing the TaON as an effective oxygen evolution photocatalyst,SrTiO_(3):Rh as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst,and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)as a solid-state electron mediator.This work presents a promising strategy for the synthesis of high-quality oxynitride materials in application to photocatalytic water splitting.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global issue and a severe threat to public health.However, to date, no approved therapeutic drugs have been developed. Dietary interventions with naturalproducts ...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global issue and a severe threat to public health.However, to date, no approved therapeutic drugs have been developed. Dietary interventions with naturalproducts have shown promise in preventing and treating NAFLD. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytocompoundwith antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and previous research has demonstrated that SFN canameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying thesebeneficial effects remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed the protective effects of SFN on excessive lipidaccumulation and inflammatory injury in a high-fat, high-fructose diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) mouse model. We found that SFN attenuates the inflammatory injury in a macrophage cell line andthe liver of NASH mice, owing to the promotion of M1-type macrophage polarization toward the M2-type andthe regulation of inflammatory mediators. Further analysis demonstrated that this SFN-induced macrophageM2-type polarization occurs in a Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)-dependent manner. In summary, we uncovereda new mechanism of action underlying SFN activity and provide evidence that dietary intervention with SFNmight be protective against NASH.展开更多
Three-way concept analysis is an important tool for information processing,and rule acquisition is one of the research hotspots of three-way concept analysis.However,compared with three-way concept lattices,three-way ...Three-way concept analysis is an important tool for information processing,and rule acquisition is one of the research hotspots of three-way concept analysis.However,compared with three-way concept lattices,three-way semi-concept lattices have three-way operators with weaker constraints,which can generate more concepts.In this article,the problem of rule acquisition for three-way semi-concept lattices is discussed in general.The authors construct the finer relation of three-way semi-concept lattices,and propose a method of rule acquisition for three-way semi-concept lattices.The authors also discuss the set of decision rules and the relationships of decision rules among object-induced three-way semi-concept lattices,object-induced three-way concept lattices,classical concept lattices and semi-concept lattices.Finally,examples are provided to illustrate the validity of our conclusions.展开更多
The study of flow behaviour of water-sand mixtures in fractured rocks is of great necessity to understand the producing mechanism and prevention of water inrush and sand gushing accidents.A self-developed seepage test...The study of flow behaviour of water-sand mixtures in fractured rocks is of great necessity to understand the producing mechanism and prevention of water inrush and sand gushing accidents.A self-developed seepage test system is used in this paper to conduct laboratory experiments in order to study the influence of the particle size distribution,the void ratio,and the initial mass of Aeolian sand on the flow behavior.It is concluded that the water flow velocity is insensitive to the initial mass of the Aeolian sand but increases with the power exponent in the Talbot formula and the specimen height.The outflow of the Aeolian sand increases with the power exponent in the Talbot formula,the specimen height,and the initial mass of the Aeolian sand.Besides,the outflow of the Aeolian sand changes exponentially with the water flow velocity.Finally,it is found that the fractured specimen has a maximum sand filtration capacity beyond which the outflow of the Aeolian sand significantly increases with the initial mass of the Aeolian sand.展开更多
Minin-induced water inrush from a confined aquifer due to subsided floor karst collapse column(SKCC)is a type of serious disaster in the underground coal extraction.Karst collapse column(KCC)developed in a confined aq...Minin-induced water inrush from a confined aquifer due to subsided floor karst collapse column(SKCC)is a type of serious disaster in the underground coal extraction.Karst collapse column(KCC)developed in a confined aquifer occurs widely throughout northern China.A water inrush disaster from SKCC occurred in Taoyuan coal mine on February 3,2013.In order to analyze the effect of the KCC influence zone’s(KCCIZ)width and the entry driving distance of the water inrush through the fractured channels of the SKCC,the stress,seepage,and impact dynamics coupling equations were used tomodel the seepage rule,and a numerical FLAC3D model was created to determine the plastic zones,the vertical displacement development of the rockmass surrounding the entry driving working face(EDWF),and the seepage vector and water inflow development of the seepage field.The hysteretic mechanism of water inrush due to SKCC in Taoyuan coal mine was investigated.The results indicate that a water inrush disaster will occur when the width of the KCCIZ exceeds 16 m under a driving,which leads to the aquifer connecting with the fractured zones of the entry floor.Hysteretic water inrush disasters are related to the stress release rate of the surrounding rocks under the entry driving.When the entry driving exceeds about 10 m from the water inrush point,the stress release rate reaches about 100%,and a water inrush disaster occurs.展开更多
Dear editor,In this letter,we introduce a decentralized,nonlinear,discontinuous,and computationally simple control law for large scale multiagent navigation systems.The control is based on extending Gauss’s principle...Dear editor,In this letter,we introduce a decentralized,nonlinear,discontinuous,and computationally simple control law for large scale multiagent navigation systems.The control is based on extending Gauss’s principle of least constraint with a dynamic incorporation of inequality constraints,actuator saturation,and actuator dynamics.With no individual path planner,each agent executes its motion and generates its control actions by reacting solely to the evolution of its constrained dynamics,which is equivalent to solving a linear matrix equation with a dimension up to around 20 without iteration at each time instant.Numerical experiments are conducted on hundreds of two-dimensional(2-D)double integrators subjected to path and collision constraints,demonstrating the promise of the proposed method.展开更多
Large 2219 Al-Cu alloy aerospace integral components suffer from long-term stress relaxation aging(SRA)due to complex temperature and stress loads during aging treatment/forming and service process,which makes it diff...Large 2219 Al-Cu alloy aerospace integral components suffer from long-term stress relaxation aging(SRA)due to complex temperature and stress loads during aging treatment/forming and service process,which makes it difficult to ensure their appropriate residual stress and excellent mechanical and service prop-erties.However,the research is limited to a thorough understanding of macroscopic and microscopic features and underlying mechanisms of the long-term SRA under multivariable aging conditions.There-fore,this study investigated macroscopic and microscopic features of long-term SRA under different tem-peratures(120 ℃ to 190 ℃),initial stress levels(100 MPa to 250 MPa)and durations(0 h to 50 h)through stress relaxation curves,metallographic traits,Vickers hardness,tensile performance,disloca-tions and phases of precipitation.On the basis of experimental outcomes,the comprehensive mecha-nisms beneath SRA were unraveled through dislocation theory,multiphase strengthening mechanisms and thermodynamics,where the interplays of stress relaxation behavior with age-hardening response were taken into consideration.The results showed elevations in the rate of stress reduction as the tem-perature and initial stress rose.At an initial stress greater than the yield stress of alloy,a marked in-crease in stress relaxation was found,and the mechanisms transform from the intragranular motion of dislocations and diffusion of grain boundaries to the intragranular and intergranular motion of disloca-tions and migration of grain boundaries.The stress reduction rate rose sharply when the temperature exceeded 175 ℃,and the dislocation movement mechanisms transform from gliding to climbing of dislo-cations.Stress relaxation is in nature progressive transformation of strain from elastic into a permanently inelastic state via the motion of dislocations,leading to the decrease of movable dislocations and the increase of immovable dislocations with more stable configurations.The age hardening is mainly deter-mined by precipitation strengthening,supplementarily by dislocation strengthening,and obvious stress orientation effect(SOE)of G.P.zones and θ"phases degenerates strengthening effect.The interplay be-tween stress relaxation behavior and age-hardening response influences the thermal-mechanical coupling SRA of 2219 Al-Cu alloy,which depends fundamentally on the motion of dislocations and their interplay with precipitated phases.This is a thermal activation process concerning the interplay between internal(age-hardening resistance)stress and external(initial)stress.The initial energy of elastic strain offers Gibbs free energy as the SRA driver,and a steady state of stress relaxation is attained with the lowest energy of elastic strain.These findings provide valuable insights into exploring innovative aging treat-ment/forming for optimizing residual stress,mechanical performance and service property in a synergistic manner.展开更多
Outside the explosive successful applications of deep learning(DL)in natural language processing,computer vision,and information retrieval,there have been numerous Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)based alternatives for comm...Outside the explosive successful applications of deep learning(DL)in natural language processing,computer vision,and information retrieval,there have been numerous Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)based alternatives for common security-related scenarios with malware detection among more popular.Recently,adversarial learning has gained much focus.However,unlike computer vision applications,malware adversarial attack is expected to guarantee malwares’original maliciousness semantics.This paper proposes a novel adversarial instruction learning technique,DeepMal,based on an adversarial instruction learning approach for static malware detection.So far as we know,DeepMal is the first practical and systematical adversarial learning method,which could directly produce adversarial samples and effectively bypass static malware detectors powered by DL and machine learning(ML)models while preserving attack functionality in the real world.Moreover,our method conducts small-scale attacks,which could evade typical malware variants analysis(e.g.,duplication check).We evaluate DeepMal on two real-world datasets,six typical DL models,and three typical ML models.Experimental results demonstrate that,on both datasets,DeepMal can attack typical malware detectors with the mean F1-score and F1-score decreasing maximal 93.94%and 82.86%respectively.Besides,three typical types of malware samples(Trojan horses,Backdoors,Ransomware)prove to preserve original attack functionality,and the mean duplication check ratio of malware adversarial samples is below 2.0%.Besides,DeepMal can evade dynamic detectors and be easily enhanced by learning more dynamic features with specific constraints.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)poses a substantial medical and social challenge,frequently leading to partial or complete loss of motor function below the site of injury[1].The disruption of descending neural pathways and the...Spinal cord injury(SCI)poses a substantial medical and social challenge,frequently leading to partial or complete loss of motor function below the site of injury[1].The disruption of descending neural pathways and the consequent loss of neural connectivity impair voluntary movement and interfere with sensory and autonomic functions.Traditional therapeutic strategies have primarily centered on compensatory methods,helping individuals with SCI adapt to their impairments[2].However,recent advances in neurorehabilitation are shifting the paradigm toward restorative treatments that seek to re-establish neural connections and promote functional recovery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172033).
文摘In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,emergency communication,and real-time scheduling,demands advanced capabilities in real-time perception,automated driving,and digitized services,which accelerate the integration and application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the HSR system.This paper first provides a brief overview of AI,covering its origin,evolution,and breakthrough applications.A comprehensive review is then given regarding the most advanced AI technologies and applications in three macro application domains of the HSR system:mechanical manufacturing and electrical control,communication and signal control,and transportation management.The literature is categorized and compared across nine application directions labeled as intelligent manufacturing of trains and key components,forecast of railroad maintenance,optimization of energy consumption in railroads and trains,communication security,communication dependability,channel modeling and estimation,passenger scheduling,traffic flow forecasting,high-speed railway smart platform.Finally,challenges associated with the application of AI are discussed,offering insights for future research directions.
基金supported by the Starting Foundation of ShanghaiTech Universitythe Double First-Class Initiative Fund of ShanghaiTech Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (21972092)
文摘Oxynitride semiconductors are promising photocatalyst materials for visible light-driven water splitting,while the synthesis of well crystalized oxynitride still remains challenge.In present work,narrow-bandgap TaON nanoparticles are synthesized via heating a vacuum-sealed mixture of KTaO_(3),Ta and NH_(4)Cl.This method possesses multiple advantages in terms of lower calcination parameter,higher N conversion efficiency and superior photocatalytic activity in comparison with the traditional thermal ammonolysis using NH_(3) gas as a nitrogen source.Through the analysis of intermediates produced upon the elevation of heating temperature,a gas-solid-phase reaction between TaCl_(5) and Ta_(2)O_(5) is demonstrated as the final step,which is conducive to decreasing thermal energy barrier and accelerating nitridation process.Precise control of preparation conditions,including calcination temperature and duration,allows for the regulation of surface O/N ratio of TaON particles to unity,resulting in optimized photocat-alytic activity.Photoelectrochemical assessment and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy provide convincing evidence for improved charge transfer effciency of photoexcited holes at TaON surface.A Z-scheme overall water splitting is accomplished by employing the TaON as an effective oxygen evolution photocatalyst,SrTiO_(3):Rh as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst,and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)as a solid-state electron mediator.This work presents a promising strategy for the synthesis of high-quality oxynitride materials in application to photocatalytic water splitting.
基金supported by the Science and Technology project of Henan Province(202102310142)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001806)。
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global issue and a severe threat to public health.However, to date, no approved therapeutic drugs have been developed. Dietary interventions with naturalproducts have shown promise in preventing and treating NAFLD. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytocompoundwith antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and previous research has demonstrated that SFN canameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying thesebeneficial effects remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed the protective effects of SFN on excessive lipidaccumulation and inflammatory injury in a high-fat, high-fructose diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) mouse model. We found that SFN attenuates the inflammatory injury in a macrophage cell line andthe liver of NASH mice, owing to the promotion of M1-type macrophage polarization toward the M2-type andthe regulation of inflammatory mediators. Further analysis demonstrated that this SFN-induced macrophageM2-type polarization occurs in a Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)-dependent manner. In summary, we uncovereda new mechanism of action underlying SFN activity and provide evidence that dietary intervention with SFNmight be protective against NASH.
基金Central University Basic Research Fund of China,Grant/Award Number:FWNX04Ningxia Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021AAC03203National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:61662001。
文摘Three-way concept analysis is an important tool for information processing,and rule acquisition is one of the research hotspots of three-way concept analysis.However,compared with three-way concept lattices,three-way semi-concept lattices have three-way operators with weaker constraints,which can generate more concepts.In this article,the problem of rule acquisition for three-way semi-concept lattices is discussed in general.The authors construct the finer relation of three-way semi-concept lattices,and propose a method of rule acquisition for three-way semi-concept lattices.The authors also discuss the set of decision rules and the relationships of decision rules among object-induced three-way semi-concept lattices,object-induced three-way concept lattices,classical concept lattices and semi-concept lattices.Finally,examples are provided to illustrate the validity of our conclusions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41807209,51778215,51708185,and 51974293)the Young Teacher Foundation of HPU(No.2019XQG-19)+3 种基金the Henan Provincial Youth Talent Promotion Program(No.2020HYTP003)the Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths(No.BK20180658)the Doctor Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University(Nos.B2017-51 and B2017-53)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632422)。
文摘The study of flow behaviour of water-sand mixtures in fractured rocks is of great necessity to understand the producing mechanism and prevention of water inrush and sand gushing accidents.A self-developed seepage test system is used in this paper to conduct laboratory experiments in order to study the influence of the particle size distribution,the void ratio,and the initial mass of Aeolian sand on the flow behavior.It is concluded that the water flow velocity is insensitive to the initial mass of the Aeolian sand but increases with the power exponent in the Talbot formula and the specimen height.The outflow of the Aeolian sand increases with the power exponent in the Talbot formula,the specimen height,and the initial mass of the Aeolian sand.Besides,the outflow of the Aeolian sand changes exponentially with the water flow velocity.Finally,it is found that the fractured specimen has a maximum sand filtration capacity beyond which the outflow of the Aeolian sand significantly increases with the initial mass of the Aeolian sand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.51708185,41807209 and 51778215,SC,http://www.nsfc.gov.cn)the Young Teacher Foundation of HPU(Project No.2019XQG-19,SC,http://www6.hpu.edu.cn/rsc)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Youth Talent Promotion Program(Project No.2020HYTP003,SC,http://www.hast.net.cn:82)the Doctor Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University(Project No.B2017-51 and B2017-53,SC,http://kxc.hpu.edu.cn).
文摘Minin-induced water inrush from a confined aquifer due to subsided floor karst collapse column(SKCC)is a type of serious disaster in the underground coal extraction.Karst collapse column(KCC)developed in a confined aquifer occurs widely throughout northern China.A water inrush disaster from SKCC occurred in Taoyuan coal mine on February 3,2013.In order to analyze the effect of the KCC influence zone’s(KCCIZ)width and the entry driving distance of the water inrush through the fractured channels of the SKCC,the stress,seepage,and impact dynamics coupling equations were used tomodel the seepage rule,and a numerical FLAC3D model was created to determine the plastic zones,the vertical displacement development of the rockmass surrounding the entry driving working face(EDWF),and the seepage vector and water inflow development of the seepage field.The hysteretic mechanism of water inrush due to SKCC in Taoyuan coal mine was investigated.The results indicate that a water inrush disaster will occur when the width of the KCCIZ exceeds 16 m under a driving,which leads to the aquifer connecting with the fractured zones of the entry floor.Hysteretic water inrush disasters are related to the stress release rate of the surrounding rocks under the entry driving.When the entry driving exceeds about 10 m from the water inrush point,the stress release rate reaches about 100%,and a water inrush disaster occurs.
基金U.S.Army Research Office under award number 75568-NS-II and Duke University for the financial support of this work。
文摘Dear editor,In this letter,we introduce a decentralized,nonlinear,discontinuous,and computationally simple control law for large scale multiagent navigation systems.The control is based on extending Gauss’s principle of least constraint with a dynamic incorporation of inequality constraints,actuator saturation,and actuator dynamics.With no individual path planner,each agent executes its motion and generates its control actions by reacting solely to the evolution of its constrained dynamics,which is equivalent to solving a linear matrix equation with a dimension up to around 20 without iteration at each time instant.Numerical experiments are conducted on hundreds of two-dimensional(2-D)double integrators subjected to path and collision constraints,demonstrating the promise of the proposed method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005018)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3232022)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-22-035A1)National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(No.JCKY2020601C004).
文摘Large 2219 Al-Cu alloy aerospace integral components suffer from long-term stress relaxation aging(SRA)due to complex temperature and stress loads during aging treatment/forming and service process,which makes it difficult to ensure their appropriate residual stress and excellent mechanical and service prop-erties.However,the research is limited to a thorough understanding of macroscopic and microscopic features and underlying mechanisms of the long-term SRA under multivariable aging conditions.There-fore,this study investigated macroscopic and microscopic features of long-term SRA under different tem-peratures(120 ℃ to 190 ℃),initial stress levels(100 MPa to 250 MPa)and durations(0 h to 50 h)through stress relaxation curves,metallographic traits,Vickers hardness,tensile performance,disloca-tions and phases of precipitation.On the basis of experimental outcomes,the comprehensive mecha-nisms beneath SRA were unraveled through dislocation theory,multiphase strengthening mechanisms and thermodynamics,where the interplays of stress relaxation behavior with age-hardening response were taken into consideration.The results showed elevations in the rate of stress reduction as the tem-perature and initial stress rose.At an initial stress greater than the yield stress of alloy,a marked in-crease in stress relaxation was found,and the mechanisms transform from the intragranular motion of dislocations and diffusion of grain boundaries to the intragranular and intergranular motion of disloca-tions and migration of grain boundaries.The stress reduction rate rose sharply when the temperature exceeded 175 ℃,and the dislocation movement mechanisms transform from gliding to climbing of dislo-cations.Stress relaxation is in nature progressive transformation of strain from elastic into a permanently inelastic state via the motion of dislocations,leading to the decrease of movable dislocations and the increase of immovable dislocations with more stable configurations.The age hardening is mainly deter-mined by precipitation strengthening,supplementarily by dislocation strengthening,and obvious stress orientation effect(SOE)of G.P.zones and θ"phases degenerates strengthening effect.The interplay be-tween stress relaxation behavior and age-hardening response influences the thermal-mechanical coupling SRA of 2219 Al-Cu alloy,which depends fundamentally on the motion of dislocations and their interplay with precipitated phases.This is a thermal activation process concerning the interplay between internal(age-hardening resistance)stress and external(initial)stress.The initial energy of elastic strain offers Gibbs free energy as the SRA driver,and a steady state of stress relaxation is attained with the lowest energy of elastic strain.These findings provide valuable insights into exploring innovative aging treat-ment/forming for optimizing residual stress,mechanical performance and service property in a synergistic manner.
基金This work was supported by Grant No.XDC02010300.
文摘Outside the explosive successful applications of deep learning(DL)in natural language processing,computer vision,and information retrieval,there have been numerous Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)based alternatives for common security-related scenarios with malware detection among more popular.Recently,adversarial learning has gained much focus.However,unlike computer vision applications,malware adversarial attack is expected to guarantee malwares’original maliciousness semantics.This paper proposes a novel adversarial instruction learning technique,DeepMal,based on an adversarial instruction learning approach for static malware detection.So far as we know,DeepMal is the first practical and systematical adversarial learning method,which could directly produce adversarial samples and effectively bypass static malware detectors powered by DL and machine learning(ML)models while preserving attack functionality in the real world.Moreover,our method conducts small-scale attacks,which could evade typical malware variants analysis(e.g.,duplication check).We evaluate DeepMal on two real-world datasets,six typical DL models,and three typical ML models.Experimental results demonstrate that,on both datasets,DeepMal can attack typical malware detectors with the mean F1-score and F1-score decreasing maximal 93.94%and 82.86%respectively.Besides,three typical types of malware samples(Trojan horses,Backdoors,Ransomware)prove to preserve original attack functionality,and the mean duplication check ratio of malware adversarial samples is below 2.0%.Besides,DeepMal can evade dynamic detectors and be easily enhanced by learning more dynamic features with specific constraints.
基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program(2021B00003292 and 20220484216)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2023YFC2415600)。
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)poses a substantial medical and social challenge,frequently leading to partial or complete loss of motor function below the site of injury[1].The disruption of descending neural pathways and the consequent loss of neural connectivity impair voluntary movement and interfere with sensory and autonomic functions.Traditional therapeutic strategies have primarily centered on compensatory methods,helping individuals with SCI adapt to their impairments[2].However,recent advances in neurorehabilitation are shifting the paradigm toward restorative treatments that seek to re-establish neural connections and promote functional recovery.
