The chemical study of <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i> Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the iso<span>lation of a new ceramide named</span> (<i>R</i>)-2</span><span sty...The chemical study of <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i> Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the iso<span>lation of a new ceramide named</span> (<i>R</i>)-2</span><span style="font-family:"">'</span><span style="font-family:"">-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-[(2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,16<i>E</i>)-1,3,4-trihy<span>droxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (<b>1</b>) together with</span> sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (<b>2</b>), chrysophanol (<b>3</b>), physcion (<b>4</b>), citreorosein (<b>5</b>), emodin (<b>6</b>), chrysophanein (<b>7</b>), physcionin (<b>8</b>), <span>lupeol (<b>9</b>), 3<i>β</i>,28-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (<b>10</b>), 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxylup-</span>20(29)-en-28-oic acid (<b>11</b>), oleanolic acid (<b>12</b>), ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (<b>13</b>), stigmastane-3,6-dione (<b>14</b>), a mixture of <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>15</b>) and stigmasterol (<b>16</b>), and <span>stigmasterol 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucoside (<b>17</b>). Their structures were determined by </span>in<span>terpretation of their spectroscopic 1D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR), 2D NMR</span> (COSY <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H, HSQC and HMBC) data in conjunction with mass spectrometry<span> </span>(TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Among all the known compounds, twelve <b>(2</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>8</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">17) </span></b><span style="font-family:"">were firstly isolated from <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i>, seven <b>(2, 10</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">14 and 17)</span></b><span style="font-family:""> from the genus <i>Rumex</i> and three (<b>13, 14, 17</b>) from family Polygonaceae. The <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> antibacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, <i>n</i>-BuOH and EtOAc)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> as well as compounds <b>9</b>, <b>11, 12</b>, <b>15</b></span><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">+</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">16</span></b><span style="font-family:""> and <b>17 </b>against pathogenic bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> ATCC 43300, <i>Shigella</i> <i>flexneri</i> NR 518, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pneumonia</i></span><i><span style="font-family:"">e</span></i><span style="font-family:""> ATCC 700603, <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> ATCC 25922)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> were performed using </span><span style="font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-family:"">broth microdilution method and the results show that, extract</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were not active (MIC </span><span style="font-family:"">></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">1000 μg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 μg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationship</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> of the isolated compounds and their significance</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were discussed.展开更多
Background:Combretum glutinosum is a plant whose leaves are consumed as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections.Objective:The present study was designed to identify the c...Background:Combretum glutinosum is a plant whose leaves are consumed as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections.Objective:The present study was designed to identify the compounds in C.glutinosum leaves extracts,and evaluate its antimicrobial activity,antioxidant ability and its toxicity in Artemia salina larvae in vitro.Methods:The aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from the leaves of the plant as well as known compounds previously isolated and characterized from the leaves of C.glutinosum were tested on eleven different microbial strains.The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method and the larval toxicity on Artemia salina larvae was also detected.Phytochemical screening and HPLC-DAD-HRESI-MS analysis were performed on the extracts to characterize its chemical composition.Results:When tested at a concentration of 20 mg‧mL^(−1),the extracts of C.glutinosum leaves strongly inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains with an inhibition diameter ranging from 7.25 mm to 44 mm,superior to those of the positive controls(tetracycline at 30μg‧mL^(−1)and amikacin at 30μg‧mL^(−1)),inhibition diameters from 15 mm to 33 mm.The evaluated larval toxicity demonstrated that it had no harmful effects on Artemia salina larvae.The extracts present a good antioxidant activity at a concentration of 0.17 and 1.33 mmol ascorbic acid(per gram of extract)for the aqueous and ethanol extracts,respectively.However,none of the compounds tested at 500μg‧mL^(−1)were able to show good activity on the 11 reference strains.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids,polyphenols,steroids,triterpenoids,reducing compounds,etc.in both extracts.The HPLC-DAD-HRESI-MS analyses revealed 18 compounds in the ethanol extract,from which 3 were identified,15 compounds in the aqueous extract from which 5 could be identified.Conclusion:The present work has shown that C.glutinosum extracts can be a good source of antimicrobial agents.They also possess the antioxidant property with absence of toxicity on A.salina larvae.A further bio-guided study could allow the identification and isolation of the active ingredients.展开更多
文摘The chemical study of <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i> Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the iso<span>lation of a new ceramide named</span> (<i>R</i>)-2</span><span style="font-family:"">'</span><span style="font-family:"">-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-[(2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,16<i>E</i>)-1,3,4-trihy<span>droxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (<b>1</b>) together with</span> sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (<b>2</b>), chrysophanol (<b>3</b>), physcion (<b>4</b>), citreorosein (<b>5</b>), emodin (<b>6</b>), chrysophanein (<b>7</b>), physcionin (<b>8</b>), <span>lupeol (<b>9</b>), 3<i>β</i>,28-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (<b>10</b>), 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxylup-</span>20(29)-en-28-oic acid (<b>11</b>), oleanolic acid (<b>12</b>), ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (<b>13</b>), stigmastane-3,6-dione (<b>14</b>), a mixture of <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>15</b>) and stigmasterol (<b>16</b>), and <span>stigmasterol 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucoside (<b>17</b>). Their structures were determined by </span>in<span>terpretation of their spectroscopic 1D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR), 2D NMR</span> (COSY <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H, HSQC and HMBC) data in conjunction with mass spectrometry<span> </span>(TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Among all the known compounds, twelve <b>(2</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>8</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">17) </span></b><span style="font-family:"">were firstly isolated from <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i>, seven <b>(2, 10</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">14 and 17)</span></b><span style="font-family:""> from the genus <i>Rumex</i> and three (<b>13, 14, 17</b>) from family Polygonaceae. The <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> antibacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, <i>n</i>-BuOH and EtOAc)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> as well as compounds <b>9</b>, <b>11, 12</b>, <b>15</b></span><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">+</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">16</span></b><span style="font-family:""> and <b>17 </b>against pathogenic bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> ATCC 43300, <i>Shigella</i> <i>flexneri</i> NR 518, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pneumonia</i></span><i><span style="font-family:"">e</span></i><span style="font-family:""> ATCC 700603, <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> ATCC 25922)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> were performed using </span><span style="font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-family:"">broth microdilution method and the results show that, extract</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were not active (MIC </span><span style="font-family:"">></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">1000 μg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 μg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationship</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> of the isolated compounds and their significance</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were discussed.
基金Yaounde-Bielefeld Graduate School of Natural Products with Antiparasite and Antibacterial activities(YaBiNaPA),project No.57316173International Foundation for Sciences(grant No.I-3-F-6340-1).
文摘Background:Combretum glutinosum is a plant whose leaves are consumed as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections.Objective:The present study was designed to identify the compounds in C.glutinosum leaves extracts,and evaluate its antimicrobial activity,antioxidant ability and its toxicity in Artemia salina larvae in vitro.Methods:The aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from the leaves of the plant as well as known compounds previously isolated and characterized from the leaves of C.glutinosum were tested on eleven different microbial strains.The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method and the larval toxicity on Artemia salina larvae was also detected.Phytochemical screening and HPLC-DAD-HRESI-MS analysis were performed on the extracts to characterize its chemical composition.Results:When tested at a concentration of 20 mg‧mL^(−1),the extracts of C.glutinosum leaves strongly inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains with an inhibition diameter ranging from 7.25 mm to 44 mm,superior to those of the positive controls(tetracycline at 30μg‧mL^(−1)and amikacin at 30μg‧mL^(−1)),inhibition diameters from 15 mm to 33 mm.The evaluated larval toxicity demonstrated that it had no harmful effects on Artemia salina larvae.The extracts present a good antioxidant activity at a concentration of 0.17 and 1.33 mmol ascorbic acid(per gram of extract)for the aqueous and ethanol extracts,respectively.However,none of the compounds tested at 500μg‧mL^(−1)were able to show good activity on the 11 reference strains.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids,polyphenols,steroids,triterpenoids,reducing compounds,etc.in both extracts.The HPLC-DAD-HRESI-MS analyses revealed 18 compounds in the ethanol extract,from which 3 were identified,15 compounds in the aqueous extract from which 5 could be identified.Conclusion:The present work has shown that C.glutinosum extracts can be a good source of antimicrobial agents.They also possess the antioxidant property with absence of toxicity on A.salina larvae.A further bio-guided study could allow the identification and isolation of the active ingredients.
