The effect of vegetation on the water-heat exchange in the freezing-thawing processes of active layer is one of the key issues in the study of land surface processes and in predicting the response of alpine ecosystems...The effect of vegetation on the water-heat exchange in the freezing-thawing processes of active layer is one of the key issues in the study of land surface processes and in predicting the response of alpine ecosystems to climate change in permafrost regions. In this study, we used the simultaneous heat and water model to investigate the effects of plant canopy on surface and subsurface hydrothermal dynamics in the Fenghuoshan area of the QinghaiTibet Plateau by changing the leaf area index(LAI) and keeping other variables constant. Results showed that the sensible heat, latent heat and net radiation are increased with an increase in the LAI. However, the ground heat flux decreased with an increasing LAI. The annual total evapotranspiration and vegetation transpiration ranged from-16% to 9% and-100% to 15%, respectively, in response to extremes of doubled and zero LAI, respectively. There was a negative feedback between vegetation and the volumetric unfrozen water content at 0.2 m through changing evapotranspiration. The simulation results of soil temperature and moisture suggest that better vegetation conditions are conducive to maintaining the thermal stability of the underlying permafrost, and the advanced initial thawing time and increasing thawing rate of soil ice with the increase in the LAI may have a great influence on the timing and magnitude of supra-permafrost groundwater. This study quantifies the impact of vegetation change on surface and subsurface hydrothermal processes and provides a basic understanding for evaluating the impact of vegetation degradation on the water-heat exchange in permafrost regions under climate change.展开更多
针对毕达哥拉斯模糊环境下的多指标评价问题,根据决策信息的实际分布,提出一种基于数值分布的毕达哥拉斯模糊数等级划分方法,根据不同等级区间发展度及等级规模确定指标权重和密度权重,结合密度算子的思想,提出基于数值分布的激励型毕...针对毕达哥拉斯模糊环境下的多指标评价问题,根据决策信息的实际分布,提出一种基于数值分布的毕达哥拉斯模糊数等级划分方法,根据不同等级区间发展度及等级规模确定指标权重和密度权重,结合密度算子的思想,提出基于数值分布的激励型毕达哥拉斯模糊密度加权平均算子(incentive Pythagorean fuzzy density weighted average operator,I-PFDWA).将基于I-PFDWA算子的多指标评价方法运用于航空服务评价问题的结果证实了该方法的可行性和有效性.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41671015,No.42071027,No.41890821)。
文摘The effect of vegetation on the water-heat exchange in the freezing-thawing processes of active layer is one of the key issues in the study of land surface processes and in predicting the response of alpine ecosystems to climate change in permafrost regions. In this study, we used the simultaneous heat and water model to investigate the effects of plant canopy on surface and subsurface hydrothermal dynamics in the Fenghuoshan area of the QinghaiTibet Plateau by changing the leaf area index(LAI) and keeping other variables constant. Results showed that the sensible heat, latent heat and net radiation are increased with an increase in the LAI. However, the ground heat flux decreased with an increasing LAI. The annual total evapotranspiration and vegetation transpiration ranged from-16% to 9% and-100% to 15%, respectively, in response to extremes of doubled and zero LAI, respectively. There was a negative feedback between vegetation and the volumetric unfrozen water content at 0.2 m through changing evapotranspiration. The simulation results of soil temperature and moisture suggest that better vegetation conditions are conducive to maintaining the thermal stability of the underlying permafrost, and the advanced initial thawing time and increasing thawing rate of soil ice with the increase in the LAI may have a great influence on the timing and magnitude of supra-permafrost groundwater. This study quantifies the impact of vegetation change on surface and subsurface hydrothermal processes and provides a basic understanding for evaluating the impact of vegetation degradation on the water-heat exchange in permafrost regions under climate change.
文摘针对毕达哥拉斯模糊环境下的多指标评价问题,根据决策信息的实际分布,提出一种基于数值分布的毕达哥拉斯模糊数等级划分方法,根据不同等级区间发展度及等级规模确定指标权重和密度权重,结合密度算子的思想,提出基于数值分布的激励型毕达哥拉斯模糊密度加权平均算子(incentive Pythagorean fuzzy density weighted average operator,I-PFDWA).将基于I-PFDWA算子的多指标评价方法运用于航空服务评价问题的结果证实了该方法的可行性和有效性.
