Carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation are important in determining nutritional and commercial value of crop products.Yellow pigmentation of mature kernels caused by carotenoids is considered a vital quality trait i...Carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation are important in determining nutritional and commercial value of crop products.Yellow pigmentation of mature kernels caused by carotenoids is considered a vital quality trait in foxtail millet,an ancient and widely cultivated cereal crop across the world.Genomic regions associated with yellow pigment content(YPC),lutein and zeaxanthin in foxtail millet grains were identified by genome-wide association analysis(GWAS),and SiPSY1(Phytoene synthase 1 which regulates formation of the 40-carbon backbone of carotenoids)was confirmed as the main contributor to all three components by knockout and overexpression analysis.SiPSY1 was expressed in seedlings,leaves,panicles,and mature seeds,and was subcellularly localized to chloroplasts.Transcription of SiPSY1 in 15 DAP immature grains was responsible for YPC in mature seeds.Selection of SiPSY1 combined with increased YPC in mature grains during domestication of foxtail millet was confirmed.Haplotype analysis suggested that expression level of SiPSY1 could be a selection target for future breeding programs,and a KASP marker was developed for selection of favorable SiPSY1 alleles in breeding.The results of this work will benefit nutritional and commercial improvement of foxtail millet varieties,as well as other cereal crops.展开更多
BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression in stem cells provides important clues for the molecular mechanisms of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem...BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression in stem cells provides important clues for the molecular mechanisms of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells exhibit potential for neural regeneration. However, miRNA expression in these cells has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore differential expression of two nervous system-specific miRNAs, miR-124 and miR-128, in bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An In vitro, cell biology experiment was performed at the Department of Biotechnology, Shanxi Medical University from June 2008 to June 2009. MATERIALS: TaqMan miRNA assays were purchased from Applied Biosystems. METHODS: Rat bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and cultured using the whole-bone marrow method, and rat spinal cord-derived neural stem cells were obtained through neurosphere formation. TaqMan miRNA assays were used to measure miR-124 and miR-128 expression in bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells were observed by inverted microscopy. Expression of the neural stem cell-specific marker, nestin, the bone marrow stromal cell surface marker, CD71, and expression of miR-124 and miR-128, were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Cultured bone marrow stromal cells displayed a short fusiform shape. Flow cytometry revealed a large number of CD71-positive cells (> 95%). Cultured spinal cord-derived neural stem cells formed nestin-positive neurospheres, and quantitative detection of miRNA demonstrated that less miR-124 and miR-128 was expressed in bone marrow stromal cells compared to spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells exhibited differential expression of miR-124 and miR-128, which suggested different characteristics in miRNA expression.展开更多
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe complication of acute spinal injury, it can lead to axonal degeneration and necrosis of neurons, causing damage cross section below the movement, then loss of sensory, reflex and a...Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe complication of acute spinal injury, it can lead to axonal degeneration and necrosis of neurons, causing damage cross section below the movement, then loss of sensory, reflex and autonomous control function below the damage section. Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that transplantation of neural stem cells can help to repair spinal cord injury after spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to research the function of miR-31 expression in differentiation of neural stem cells. Mir-31 was transfected the mimics and inhibitor into neural stem cells. By the morphological observation, the cell over expression of miR-31 was closer to NSCs. With the RT-PCR, Hb9 and STMN1 were up-regulate when miR-31 was inhibited, and Nestin was down-regulate. When miR-31 was over expression, the expression of Nestin and Hb9 was up-regulate. These findings suggest that miR-31 may play a significant role in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cell and are potential targets for therapeutic interventions following spinal cord injury.展开更多
In vitro maturation(IVM),a promising assisted reproductive technology(ART),has been evolving in clinical trials and applications.There is a huge potential demand for IVM in clinical practice because it reduces the sti...In vitro maturation(IVM),a promising assisted reproductive technology(ART),has been evolving in clinical trials and applications.There is a huge potential demand for IVM in clinical practice because it reduces the stimulation of gonadotropins to patients and provides evidence for the safety of neonatal birth.Unfortunately,the maturation rate of oocytes in vitro is not as high as it is in vivo due to a different microenvironment.Moreover,there are still controversies in predicting the developmental capability of oocytes in IVM.The granulosa cells(GCs)and cumulus cells(CCs),closely surrounding the oocytes,play a critical role in oocytes development,while some studies have shown that they can reflect the quality of oocytes.Many studies have been conducted in terms of oocyte quality in transcriptional level in GCs and CCs of mice,Xenopus africanus,and Homo sapiens,which provides important enlightenment for the successful clinical application of IVM.However,no comprehensive reviews about how gene expression profiles affect oocytes quality have been reported.This review aimed to elucidate the gene expression profiles of GCs and CCs that have effects on the quality and developmental competence of oocytes maturation in vitro.And we also put forward a possible idea for ART in the future,integrating all gene expression profiles of GCs and CCs and predicting the quality of the oocytes.展开更多
Extracellularβ-amyloid(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Studies have shown that aggregates of extracellular Aβcan induce neuroinflammation media...Extracellularβ-amyloid(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Studies have shown that aggregates of extracellular Aβcan induce neuroinflammation mediated neurotoxic signaling through microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory factors.Thus,modulation of Aβmight be a potential therapeutic strategy for modifying disease progression.Recently,a large number of reports have confirmed the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on AD.It is believed to reduce neuroinflammation,reduce Aβamyloid deposits and NFTs,increase acetylcholine levels,promote neurogenesis,reduce neuronal damage,and improve working memory and cognition.In this review,we focus on the role of MSCs in clearing Aβdeposition.MSCs have the potential to modulate Aβ-related microenvironments via enhancement of autophagy,proteolysis of Aβaggregates,phagocytic clearance of Aβby microglial M2 polarization,decrease oxidative stress(OS),and correction of abnormal sphingolipid(SL)metabolism.With advantages in clinical applications,these data suggest that the use of MSCs as a multi-target modulator of Aβwould be an effective therapeutic approach in AD.展开更多
Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria.It is rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,proteins and active enzymes.It has a number of biological activities,such as thrombolysis,prevention of osteoporos...Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria.It is rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,proteins and active enzymes.It has a number of biological activities,such as thrombolysis,prevention of osteoporosis,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant and so on.It is widely used in medicine,healthcare food,biocatalysis and other fields.Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value.This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China,so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.展开更多
Background:Little was known about the association among time in range(TIR),time above range(TAR),time below range(TBR),and cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.We aimed to investigate the association a...Background:Little was known about the association among time in range(TIR),time above range(TAR),time below range(TBR),and cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.We aimed to investigate the association among TIR,TAR,TBR,and the risk of cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A total of 6225 patients with type 2 diabetes were prospectively recruited in Shanghai,China.TIR was measured with continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and was defined as the average percentage of time in the target glucose range during a 24 h period.Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to determine the association between TIR and the risk of cancer mortality.Results:During a mean follow-up of 7.10 years,we confirmed 237 death events related to cancer.The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio(HR)for cancer mortality was 1.32(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.01-1.75)in patients with TIR≤70%compared with those with TIR>70%.When TIR was considered as a continuous variable,the multivariable-adjusted HR for cancer mortality associated with each 10%decrease in TIR was 1.07(95%CI:1.02-1.14).In the site-specific analysis,a significant association between TIR as a continuous variable and the risk of hepatocellular cancer was found(HR:1.24;95%CI:1.09-1.41).However,no relationship between hemoglobin A1c and cancer mortality was observed(HR:1.04;95%CI:0.97-1.10).Conclusions:The present study found an inverse association of TIR with the risk of cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.New evidence of TIR was added into the clinical practice that TIR may be an optimal target of glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Mixed solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and artificial seawater was used to investigate the disinfection potential of SAEW in artificial seawater.Inoculated Vibrio parahaemolyticus(suspended in 3%sod...Mixed solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and artificial seawater was used to investigate the disinfection potential of SAEW in artificial seawater.Inoculated Vibrio parahaemolyticus(suspended in 3%sodium chloride alkaline peptone water and 0.85%sodium chloride water,respectively)was subjected to different mixed-SAEW and SAEW immersion treatments(5-20 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)).In the presence of organic matter,4.07 logCFU/mL significant reduction(p<0.05)was achieved after treating with 20 mg/L mixed-SAEW for 15 min.There was 5.13 logCFU/mL reduction after treating with 15 mg/L SAEW for 15 min.For V.parahaemolyticus suspended in 0.85%sodium chloride solution,it was undetected after 30 s SAEW treatment(5 mg/L ACC)or 120 s mixed-SAEW treatment(10 mg/L ACC).At a ratio of SAEW and artificial seawater at 1:15(V/V),SAEW could inactivate V.parahaemolyticus to undetectable level in artificial seawater in one minute,which was comparable with UV treatment of 10 W.The results indicated high sanitization potential of SAEW against V.parahaemolyticus in aquaculture seawater.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20216)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000705/2018YFD1000700)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant to Guanqing Jia,1610092016116,Y2017JC15)China Agricultural Research System(CARS06-14.5-A04)State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding,Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement(MOA),and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation are important in determining nutritional and commercial value of crop products.Yellow pigmentation of mature kernels caused by carotenoids is considered a vital quality trait in foxtail millet,an ancient and widely cultivated cereal crop across the world.Genomic regions associated with yellow pigment content(YPC),lutein and zeaxanthin in foxtail millet grains were identified by genome-wide association analysis(GWAS),and SiPSY1(Phytoene synthase 1 which regulates formation of the 40-carbon backbone of carotenoids)was confirmed as the main contributor to all three components by knockout and overexpression analysis.SiPSY1 was expressed in seedlings,leaves,panicles,and mature seeds,and was subcellularly localized to chloroplasts.Transcription of SiPSY1 in 15 DAP immature grains was responsible for YPC in mature seeds.Selection of SiPSY1 combined with increased YPC in mature grains during domestication of foxtail millet was confirmed.Haplotype analysis suggested that expression level of SiPSY1 could be a selection target for future breeding programs,and a KASP marker was developed for selection of favorable SiPSY1 alleles in breeding.The results of this work will benefit nutritional and commercial improvement of foxtail millet varieties,as well as other cereal crops.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30672114
文摘BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression in stem cells provides important clues for the molecular mechanisms of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells exhibit potential for neural regeneration. However, miRNA expression in these cells has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore differential expression of two nervous system-specific miRNAs, miR-124 and miR-128, in bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An In vitro, cell biology experiment was performed at the Department of Biotechnology, Shanxi Medical University from June 2008 to June 2009. MATERIALS: TaqMan miRNA assays were purchased from Applied Biosystems. METHODS: Rat bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and cultured using the whole-bone marrow method, and rat spinal cord-derived neural stem cells were obtained through neurosphere formation. TaqMan miRNA assays were used to measure miR-124 and miR-128 expression in bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells were observed by inverted microscopy. Expression of the neural stem cell-specific marker, nestin, the bone marrow stromal cell surface marker, CD71, and expression of miR-124 and miR-128, were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Cultured bone marrow stromal cells displayed a short fusiform shape. Flow cytometry revealed a large number of CD71-positive cells (> 95%). Cultured spinal cord-derived neural stem cells formed nestin-positive neurospheres, and quantitative detection of miRNA demonstrated that less miR-124 and miR-128 was expressed in bone marrow stromal cells compared to spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bone marrow stromal cells and spinal cord-derived neural stem cells exhibited differential expression of miR-124 and miR-128, which suggested different characteristics in miRNA expression.
文摘Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe complication of acute spinal injury, it can lead to axonal degeneration and necrosis of neurons, causing damage cross section below the movement, then loss of sensory, reflex and autonomous control function below the damage section. Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that transplantation of neural stem cells can help to repair spinal cord injury after spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to research the function of miR-31 expression in differentiation of neural stem cells. Mir-31 was transfected the mimics and inhibitor into neural stem cells. By the morphological observation, the cell over expression of miR-31 was closer to NSCs. With the RT-PCR, Hb9 and STMN1 were up-regulate when miR-31 was inhibited, and Nestin was down-regulate. When miR-31 was over expression, the expression of Nestin and Hb9 was up-regulate. These findings suggest that miR-31 may play a significant role in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cell and are potential targets for therapeutic interventions following spinal cord injury.
基金the Shanxi Province key research and development projects(No.201803D31068)Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(Nos.201801D121212,201901D211319,201901D111384)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(Nos.2019L0445,2019L0418).
文摘In vitro maturation(IVM),a promising assisted reproductive technology(ART),has been evolving in clinical trials and applications.There is a huge potential demand for IVM in clinical practice because it reduces the stimulation of gonadotropins to patients and provides evidence for the safety of neonatal birth.Unfortunately,the maturation rate of oocytes in vitro is not as high as it is in vivo due to a different microenvironment.Moreover,there are still controversies in predicting the developmental capability of oocytes in IVM.The granulosa cells(GCs)and cumulus cells(CCs),closely surrounding the oocytes,play a critical role in oocytes development,while some studies have shown that they can reflect the quality of oocytes.Many studies have been conducted in terms of oocyte quality in transcriptional level in GCs and CCs of mice,Xenopus africanus,and Homo sapiens,which provides important enlightenment for the successful clinical application of IVM.However,no comprehensive reviews about how gene expression profiles affect oocytes quality have been reported.This review aimed to elucidate the gene expression profiles of GCs and CCs that have effects on the quality and developmental competence of oocytes maturation in vitro.And we also put forward a possible idea for ART in the future,integrating all gene expression profiles of GCs and CCs and predicting the quality of the oocytes.
基金supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation of China(No.82001326)Key R&D project of Shanxi Province(201803D31068)+1 种基金Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(201901D211319,201901D111384)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities of Shanxi Province(2019L0445,2019L0418).
文摘Extracellularβ-amyloid(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Studies have shown that aggregates of extracellular Aβcan induce neuroinflammation mediated neurotoxic signaling through microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory factors.Thus,modulation of Aβmight be a potential therapeutic strategy for modifying disease progression.Recently,a large number of reports have confirmed the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on AD.It is believed to reduce neuroinflammation,reduce Aβamyloid deposits and NFTs,increase acetylcholine levels,promote neurogenesis,reduce neuronal damage,and improve working memory and cognition.In this review,we focus on the role of MSCs in clearing Aβdeposition.MSCs have the potential to modulate Aβ-related microenvironments via enhancement of autophagy,proteolysis of Aβaggregates,phagocytic clearance of Aβby microglial M2 polarization,decrease oxidative stress(OS),and correction of abnormal sphingolipid(SL)metabolism.With advantages in clinical applications,these data suggest that the use of MSCs as a multi-target modulator of Aβwould be an effective therapeutic approach in AD.
基金supported by National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine International Cooperation Program(No.0610-2140NF020630)。
文摘Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria.It is rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,proteins and active enzymes.It has a number of biological activities,such as thrombolysis,prevention of osteoporosis,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant and so on.It is widely used in medicine,healthcare food,biocatalysis and other fields.Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value.This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China,so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC2001004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31971485)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(No.20161430)the Shanghai Municipal Project for Academic Leaders Public Health(No.GWV-10.2-XD20)。
文摘Background:Little was known about the association among time in range(TIR),time above range(TAR),time below range(TBR),and cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.We aimed to investigate the association among TIR,TAR,TBR,and the risk of cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A total of 6225 patients with type 2 diabetes were prospectively recruited in Shanghai,China.TIR was measured with continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and was defined as the average percentage of time in the target glucose range during a 24 h period.Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to determine the association between TIR and the risk of cancer mortality.Results:During a mean follow-up of 7.10 years,we confirmed 237 death events related to cancer.The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio(HR)for cancer mortality was 1.32(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.01-1.75)in patients with TIR≤70%compared with those with TIR>70%.When TIR was considered as a continuous variable,the multivariable-adjusted HR for cancer mortality associated with each 10%decrease in TIR was 1.07(95%CI:1.02-1.14).In the site-specific analysis,a significant association between TIR as a continuous variable and the risk of hepatocellular cancer was found(HR:1.24;95%CI:1.09-1.41).However,no relationship between hemoglobin A1c and cancer mortality was observed(HR:1.04;95%CI:0.97-1.10).Conclusions:The present study found an inverse association of TIR with the risk of cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.New evidence of TIR was added into the clinical practice that TIR may be an optimal target of glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Project number:2018YFD0701001)the Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China and the Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1443500).
文摘Mixed solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and artificial seawater was used to investigate the disinfection potential of SAEW in artificial seawater.Inoculated Vibrio parahaemolyticus(suspended in 3%sodium chloride alkaline peptone water and 0.85%sodium chloride water,respectively)was subjected to different mixed-SAEW and SAEW immersion treatments(5-20 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)).In the presence of organic matter,4.07 logCFU/mL significant reduction(p<0.05)was achieved after treating with 20 mg/L mixed-SAEW for 15 min.There was 5.13 logCFU/mL reduction after treating with 15 mg/L SAEW for 15 min.For V.parahaemolyticus suspended in 0.85%sodium chloride solution,it was undetected after 30 s SAEW treatment(5 mg/L ACC)or 120 s mixed-SAEW treatment(10 mg/L ACC).At a ratio of SAEW and artificial seawater at 1:15(V/V),SAEW could inactivate V.parahaemolyticus to undetectable level in artificial seawater in one minute,which was comparable with UV treatment of 10 W.The results indicated high sanitization potential of SAEW against V.parahaemolyticus in aquaculture seawater.
