To solve the problem of delayed update of spectrum information(SI) in the database assisted dynamic spectrum management(DB-DSM), this paper studies a novel dynamic update scheme of SI in DB-DSM. Firstly, a dynamic upd...To solve the problem of delayed update of spectrum information(SI) in the database assisted dynamic spectrum management(DB-DSM), this paper studies a novel dynamic update scheme of SI in DB-DSM. Firstly, a dynamic update mechanism of SI based on spectrum opportunity incentive is established, in which spectrum users are encouraged to actively assist the database to update SI in real time. Secondly, the information update contribution(IUC) of spectrum opportunity is defined to describe the cost of accessing spectrum opportunity for heterogeneous spectrum users, and the profit of SI update obtained by the database from spectrum allocation. The process that the database determines the IUC of spectrum opportunity and spectrum user selects spectrum opportunity is mapped to a Hotelling model. Thirdly, the process of determining the IUC of spectrum opportunities is further modelled as a Stackelberg game by establishing multiple virtual spectrum resource providers(VSRPs) in the database. It is proved that there is a Nash Equilibrium in the game of determining the IUC of spectrum opportunities by VSRPs. Finally, an algorithm of determining the IUC based on a genetic algorithm is designed to achieve the optimal IUC. The-oretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly find the optimal solution of the IUC, and ensure that the spectrum resource provider can obtain the optimal profit of SI update.展开更多
In this paper,the covert age of information(CAoI),which characterizes the timeliness and covertness performance of communication,is first investigated in the short-packet covert communication with time modulated retro...In this paper,the covert age of information(CAoI),which characterizes the timeliness and covertness performance of communication,is first investigated in the short-packet covert communication with time modulated retrodirective array(TMRDA).Specifically,the TMRDA is designed to maximize the antenna gain in the target direction while the side lobe is sufficiently suppressed.On this basis,the covertness constraint and CAoI are derived in closed form.To facilitate the covert transmission design,the transmit power and block-length are jointly optimized to minimize the CAoI,which demonstrates the trade-off between covertness and timelessness.Our results illustrate that there exists an optimal block-length that yields the minimum CAoI,and the presented optimization results can achieve enhanced performance compared with the fixed block-length case.Additionally,we observe that smaller beam pointing error at Bob leads to improvements in CAoI.展开更多
Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However, to implement CR, spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper, a collaborative spectru...Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However, to implement CR, spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper, a collaborative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed.The final sensing decision of the proposed scheme is based on the combination of distributed sensing results of different Secondary Users(SUs).To improve the reliability of the sensing decision, the combination procedure takes into account the credibility of each SU, which is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The effect of the presence of malicious SUs and malfunctioning SUs on the performance of the proposed scheme is also investigated.The efficiency of the scheme is validated through analysis and simulation.展开更多
Compared with the traditional channel estimation methods, blind channel estimation methods can increase the bandwidth efficiency of the systems, but their precision is low and they converge slowly. In this paper, the ...Compared with the traditional channel estimation methods, blind channel estimation methods can increase the bandwidth efficiency of the systems, but their precision is low and they converge slowly. In this paper, the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for blind channel estimation in complex-valued Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) channel is derived. In the simulations, the correctness of the CRB is validated and some channel estimation methods are evaluated by using the CRB.展开更多
Due to the broadcast nature of wireless transmission medium,security threats may hinder propagation of cognitive radio systems for commercial and military data application. This paper sets a channel error analytical f...Due to the broadcast nature of wireless transmission medium,security threats may hinder propagation of cognitive radio systems for commercial and military data application. This paper sets a channel error analytical framework and studies the joint impact of estimation errors and feedback delay on secrecy performance in cognitive radio networks. Under the assumption that system applies beamforming and jamming scheme,a multi-antenna cognitive base station( CBS) sends confidential signals to a secondary user( SU) in the presence of M primary users( PUs) and an eavesdropper. Assuming only imperfect channel state information( CSI) about the receivers is available,secrecy rate,outage probability,secrecy throughput are deduced to obtain a closed-form expression. It is shown that while the transmit power increases,secrecy throughput would reach to a constant. Simulation results show that feedback delay adversely impacts on secrecy rate,connection outage probability and secrecy throughput,while estimation error causes more impact on secrecy outage probability. Furthermore,the secrecy rate could increase progressively with the transmit power only if there exists no feedback delay.展开更多
A dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system is introduced in this paper,which can increasethe data rate greatly compared with conventional N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum system,so it can beused for high rate da...A dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system is introduced in this paper,which can increasethe data rate greatly compared with conventional N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum system,so it can beused for high rate data communication.Then,three code recognition algorithms are presented for dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system and the analytic bit error rate(BER)performance of the systemin additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)and flat Rayleigh fading channel is derived.Finally,the com-puter simulation of the system with three code recognition algorithms is performed,which shows that thesimplified maximum a posteriori(MAP)algorithm is the best for the system with a compromise betweenthe performance and the complexity.展开更多
文摘To solve the problem of delayed update of spectrum information(SI) in the database assisted dynamic spectrum management(DB-DSM), this paper studies a novel dynamic update scheme of SI in DB-DSM. Firstly, a dynamic update mechanism of SI based on spectrum opportunity incentive is established, in which spectrum users are encouraged to actively assist the database to update SI in real time. Secondly, the information update contribution(IUC) of spectrum opportunity is defined to describe the cost of accessing spectrum opportunity for heterogeneous spectrum users, and the profit of SI update obtained by the database from spectrum allocation. The process that the database determines the IUC of spectrum opportunity and spectrum user selects spectrum opportunity is mapped to a Hotelling model. Thirdly, the process of determining the IUC of spectrum opportunities is further modelled as a Stackelberg game by establishing multiple virtual spectrum resource providers(VSRPs) in the database. It is proved that there is a Nash Equilibrium in the game of determining the IUC of spectrum opportunities by VSRPs. Finally, an algorithm of determining the IUC based on a genetic algorithm is designed to achieve the optimal IUC. The-oretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly find the optimal solution of the IUC, and ensure that the spectrum resource provider can obtain the optimal profit of SI update.
文摘In this paper,the covert age of information(CAoI),which characterizes the timeliness and covertness performance of communication,is first investigated in the short-packet covert communication with time modulated retrodirective array(TMRDA).Specifically,the TMRDA is designed to maximize the antenna gain in the target direction while the side lobe is sufficiently suppressed.On this basis,the covertness constraint and CAoI are derived in closed form.To facilitate the covert transmission design,the transmit power and block-length are jointly optimized to minimize the CAoI,which demonstrates the trade-off between covertness and timelessness.Our results illustrate that there exists an optimal block-length that yields the minimum CAoI,and the presented optimization results can achieve enhanced performance compared with the fixed block-length case.Additionally,we observe that smaller beam pointing error at Bob leads to improvements in CAoI.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60672079)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2006701 and No. BK2007002)
文摘Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However, to implement CR, spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper, a collaborative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed.The final sensing decision of the proposed scheme is based on the combination of distributed sensing results of different Secondary Users(SUs).To improve the reliability of the sensing decision, the combination procedure takes into account the credibility of each SU, which is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The effect of the presence of malicious SUs and malfunctioning SUs on the performance of the proposed scheme is also investigated.The efficiency of the scheme is validated through analysis and simulation.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Natural Science Fund (BK2003015) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Fund (N0302).
文摘Compared with the traditional channel estimation methods, blind channel estimation methods can increase the bandwidth efficiency of the systems, but their precision is low and they converge slowly. In this paper, the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for blind channel estimation in complex-valued Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) channel is derived. In the simulations, the correctness of the CRB is validated and some channel estimation methods are evaluated by using the CRB.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61371122,61471393)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under a Special Financial Grant(No.2013T60912)
文摘Due to the broadcast nature of wireless transmission medium,security threats may hinder propagation of cognitive radio systems for commercial and military data application. This paper sets a channel error analytical framework and studies the joint impact of estimation errors and feedback delay on secrecy performance in cognitive radio networks. Under the assumption that system applies beamforming and jamming scheme,a multi-antenna cognitive base station( CBS) sends confidential signals to a secondary user( SU) in the presence of M primary users( PUs) and an eavesdropper. Assuming only imperfect channel state information( CSI) about the receivers is available,secrecy rate,outage probability,secrecy throughput are deduced to obtain a closed-form expression. It is shown that while the transmit power increases,secrecy throughput would reach to a constant. Simulation results show that feedback delay adversely impacts on secrecy rate,connection outage probability and secrecy throughput,while estimation error causes more impact on secrecy outage probability. Furthermore,the secrecy rate could increase progressively with the transmit power only if there exists no feedback delay.
基金Supported by the Important National Science ＆ Technology Specific Project （No. 2010ZX03006 -002 -04） , and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No, 60972051）.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(No5130601)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(NoBK2006701)
文摘A dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system is introduced in this paper,which can increasethe data rate greatly compared with conventional N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum system,so it can beused for high rate data communication.Then,three code recognition algorithms are presented for dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system and the analytic bit error rate(BER)performance of the systemin additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)and flat Rayleigh fading channel is derived.Finally,the com-puter simulation of the system with three code recognition algorithms is performed,which shows that thesimplified maximum a posteriori(MAP)algorithm is the best for the system with a compromise betweenthe performance and the complexity.
