BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1(VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colo...BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1(VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer(CRC). Knockdown of VASH1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway activity and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen production. Our previous findings suggest that ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2) may play a tumor suppressor and protective role in the development and progression of CRC by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. However, the functional role and mechanism of VASH1-mediated TGF-β1 related pathway in CRC has not been elucidated.AIM To investigate the expression of VASH1 in CRC and its correlation with the expression of EAF2. Furthermore, we studied the functional role and mechanism of VASH1 involved in the regulation and protection of EAF2 in CRC cells in vitro.METHODS We collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein and VASH1 protein in patients with advanced CRC. Following, we investigated the effect and mechanism of EAF2 and VASH1 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS Our findings indicated that EAF2 was down-regulated and VASH1 was upregulated in advanced CRC tissue compared to normal colorectal tissue. KaplanMeier survival analysis showed that the higher EAF2 Level group and the lower VASH1 Level group had a higher survival rate. Overexpression of EAF2 might inhibit the activity of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway by up-regulating the expression of VASH1, and then weaken the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells.CONCLUSION This study suggests that EAF2 and VASH1 may serve as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC, and provide a clinical basis for exploring new biomarkers for CRC. This study complements the mechanism of EAF2 in CRC cells, enriches the role and mechanism of CRC cellderived VASH1, and provides a new possible subtype of CRC as a therapeutic target of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drugs targeting mitochondria can induce mitophagy and restrain proliferation in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells.Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5(PGAM5)activates serine/threonine PTEN-induced putative kin...BACKGROUND Drugs targeting mitochondria can induce mitophagy and restrain proliferation in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells.Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5(PGAM5)activates serine/threonine PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy.However,there are few studies on the clinical and prognostic significance of expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin in patients.AIM To assess the clinical significance of PGAM5 and Parkin proteins,as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC,by studying their expression in advanced CRC tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS The expression of PGAM5 and Parkin in CRC tissues from 100 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry.Each case was evaluated by using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining(scored 0-3)and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells(scored 0-4).The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score.Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression according to the Youden index,and the association between the expression of PGAM5 or Parkin and clinicopathological factors was ascertained.Additionally,we employed western blot to measure PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in six matched pairs of CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissues.RESULTS Immunohistochemical and western blot findings showed that both PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues:PGAM5 and Parkin were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells.PGAM5 and Parkin protein levels were significantly positively correlated in advanced CRC tissues.Moreover,reduced Parkin protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in CRC patients as evinced by multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION The expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin has diagnostic significance for CRC and may become new biomarkers.Parkin may be a potential marker for the survival of CRC patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene,ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2),expressed in benign prostate tissues,has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors.In addition,som...BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene,ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2),expressed in benign prostate tissues,has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors.In addition,some scholars found that EAF2 frameshift mutations are associated with intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer(CRC)and inactivation of EAF2 in microsatellite instability-high CRC.However,the molecular mechanism by which EAF2 is involved in CRC invasion and metastasis remains unclear.AIM To determine the clinical value of expression of EAF2 protein in CRC,and to study the effects of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro.METHODS In this study,we collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein in patients with advanced CRC.Subsequently,we investigated the effect of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS EAF2 protein was lowly expressed in cancer tissues of patients with advanced CRC.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high EAF2 level group was higher than that of the low EAF2 level group.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EAF2,as a tumor suppressor,may inhibit the invasion,metastasis,and angiogenesis of CRC cells by regulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/transforming growth factor-β1 crosstalk pathway,and play a cancer suppressive and protective role in the occurrence and development of CRC.Our findings are of great significance to provide a new idea and theoretical basis for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of CRC.展开更多
This work reports influence of two different electrolytes,carbonate ester and ether electrolytes,on the sulfur redox reactions in room-temperature Na-S batteries.Two sulfur cathodes with different S loading ratio and ...This work reports influence of two different electrolytes,carbonate ester and ether electrolytes,on the sulfur redox reactions in room-temperature Na-S batteries.Two sulfur cathodes with different S loading ratio and status are investigated.A sulfur-rich composite with most sulfur dispersed on the surface of a carbon host can realize a high loading ratio(72%S).In contrast,a confined sulfur sample can encapsulate S into the pores of the carbon host with a low loading ratio(44%S).In carbonate ester electrolyte,only the sulfur trapped in porous structures is active via‘solid-solid’behavior during cycling.The S cathode with high surface sulfur shows poor reversible capacity because of the severe side reactions between the surface polysulfides and the carbonate ester solvents.To improve the capacity of the sulfur-rich cathode,ether electrolyte with NaNO_(3) additive is explored to realize a‘solid-liquid’sulfur redox process and confine the shuttle effect of the dissolved polysulfides.As a result,the sulfur-rich cathode achieved high reversible capacity(483 mAh g^(−1)),corresponding to a specific energy of 362 Wh kg^(−1) after 200 cycles,shedding light on the use of ether electrolyte for high-loading sulfur cathode.展开更多
A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events.In this study,we examine the temporal and spatial variations i...A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events.In this study,we examine the temporal and spatial variations in both PM_(1)and its major chemical constituents using three-year field measurements that were collected in six representative regions in China between 2012 and 2014.Our results show that both PM_(1)and its chemical compositions varied significantly in space and time,with high PM_(1)loadings mainly observed in the winter.By comparing chemical constituents between clean and polluted episodes,we find that the elevated PM_(1)mass concentration during pollution events should be largely attributable to significant increases in organic matter(OM)and inorganic aerosols like sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium(SNA),indicative of the critical role of primary emissions and secondary aerosols in elevating PM_(1)pollution levels.The ratios of PM_(1)/PM2.5 are found to be generally high in Shanghai and Guangzhou,while relatively low ratios are seen in Xi’an and Chengdu,indicating anthropogenic emissions were more likely to accumulate in forms of finer particles.With respect to the relative importance of chemical components and meteorological factors quantified via statistical modeling practices,we find that primary emissions and secondary aerosols were the two leading factors contributing to PM_(1)variations,though meteorological factors also played important roles in regulating the dispersion of atmospheric PM.展开更多
To investigate the impact of emission controls on ammonia(NH_(3)) pollution in urban atmosphere, observation on NH_(3)(1 hr interval) was performed in Shanghai before, during and after the 2019 China International Imp...To investigate the impact of emission controls on ammonia(NH_(3)) pollution in urban atmosphere, observation on NH_(3)(1 hr interval) was performed in Shanghai before, during and after the 2019 China International Import Expo (CIIE) event, along with measurements on inorganic ions, organic tracers and stable nitrogen isotope compositions of ammonium in PM_(2.5). NH_(3)during the CIIE period was 6.5±1.0μg/m^(3), which is 41% and 32% lower than that before and after the event, respectively. Such a decrease was largely ascribed to the emission controls in nonagricultural sources, of which contribution for measured NH_(3)in control phase abated by ~20% compared to that during uncontrol period. Molecular compositions of PAHs and hopanes further suggested a dominant role of the reduced vehicle emissions in the urban NH_(3)abatement during the CIIE period. Our results revealed that vehicle exhaust emission control is an effective way to mitigate NH_(3)pollution and improve air quality in Chinese urban areas.展开更多
To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon(BrC),daily PM2.5 samples in Xingtai,a small city in North China Plain(NCP),during the four seasons of 2018-2019,were collected and analyzed for optical pro...To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon(BrC),daily PM2.5 samples in Xingtai,a small city in North China Plain(NCP),during the four seasons of 2018-2019,were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions.The light absorption at 365 nm(abs λ=365 nm)displayed a strong seasonal variation with the highest value in winter(29.0±14.3 M/m),which was 3.2∼5.4-fold of that in other seasons.A strong correlation of abs λ=365 nm with benzo(b)fluoranthene(BbF)was only observed in winter,indicating that coal combustion was the major source for BrC in the season due to the enhanced domestic heating.The mass absorbing efficiency of BrC also exhibited a similar seasonal pattern,and was found to correlate linearly with the aerosol pH,suggesting a positive effect of aerosol acidity on the optical properties and formation of BrC in the city.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)analysis further showed that on a yearly basis the major source for BrC was biomass burning,which accounted for 34% of the total BrC,followed by secondary formation(26.7%),coal combustion(21.3%)and fugitive dust(18%).However,the contribution from coal combustionwas remarkably enhanced in winter,accounting for∼40%of the total.Our work revealed that more efforts of“shifting coal to clean energy”are necessary in rural areas and small cities in NCP in order to further mitigate PM2.5 pollution in China.展开更多
Amines are important for new particle formation and subsequent growth in the atmosphere.Consequently,the processes involved are receiving more attention in recent years.Here,we conduct a field observation in order to ...Amines are important for new particle formation and subsequent growth in the atmosphere.Consequently,the processes involved are receiving more attention in recent years.Here,we conduct a field observation in order to investigate the atmospheric particulate amines at a background site in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)during the summer of 2018.Four amines in PM_(2.5),i.e.,methylamine(MA),dimethylamine(DMA),diethylamine(DEA),and trimethylamine(TMA),were collected,twice daily and analyzed.During the campaign,our measurements found the concentrations of MA,DMA,DEA,and TMA of 15.0±15.0,6.3±6.9,20.4±30.1,and 4.0±5.9 ng m^-(3),respectively,and the four amines correlated well with each other.The concentration of amines appear to be independent of whether they were collected during the day or night.Both MA and DMA exhibited a bimodal size distribution that had peaks at 0.67 and 1.1μm,suggesting amines preferably distribute on submicron particles.Boundary layer height(BLH),relative humidity,and pH of aerosols were found have a negative relationship with amines,while aerosol liquid water content(ALWC)was found to have a positive relationship with amines.The PMF(positive matrix factorization)source apportionment results showed that the main source of amines in Chongming Island was of anthropogenic origin such as industrial and biomass emission,followed by marine sources including sea salt and marine biogenic sources.Given that the YRD region is still suffering from complex atmospheric pollution and that the knowledge on aerosol amines is still limited,more field studies are in urgent need for a better understanding of the pollution characteristics of amines.展开更多
Objective:To predict the mechanism of action of San Huang lotion for topical treatment of eczema at the level of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active ingredients and corresponding t...Objective:To predict the mechanism of action of San Huang lotion for topical treatment of eczema at the level of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active ingredients and corresponding targets of San Huang lotion were collected using the TCMSP data platform and UniProt;the relevant gene targets of San Huang lotion were collected using the GeneCards database,OMIM database,TTD database,and DrugBank database;the intersection targets of San Huang lotion and eczema were obtained by creating avenn diagram;the key active ingredients and targets were screened by constructing a disease-active ingredient-target map,and the key active ingredients and core targets were screened out by constructing disease-active ingredient-target diagrams and PPInetwork diagrams;GOand KEGGenrichment analyses were conducted using the metascapewebsite and the higher significant entries were selected to produce bar charts and bubble plots.Finally,molecular docking of key active ingredients and core targets was performed.Results:A total of 134 active ingredients and 3,320 eczema-related target genes were screened for San Huang lotion,and 126 intersecting targets were obtained for San Huang lotion and eczema.The five key active ingredients of San Huang lotion for topical treatment of eczema and six core targets ofAKT1,TNF,IL6,IL1B,TP53andVEGFA were obtained by drug-active ingredient-target map and PPInetwork map.The GOand KEGGenrichment analysis showed that the topical treatment of eczema withSanHuanglotion might be mediated throughIL-17signaling pathway,TNFsignaling pathway and Th17cell differentiation pathway.The molecular docking results showed that the docking binding energy of key active ingredients and core targets was mostly less than-5 kcal/mol,and the docking was good.Conclusion:The quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,formononetin,beta-sitosterol and other active ingredients in San Huang lotion may act on eczema through AKT1,TNF,IL6,IL1B,TP53,VEGFA and other targets,and through IL-17signaling pathway,TNFsignaling pathway,Th17cell differentiation and other pathways.展开更多
Organo-chromium(III)complex is one of the chromium contaminant species,which would transform to high-toxic Cr(VI)during migrating in the environment.Such natural organo-chromium(III)(NOCr)is difficult to remove by tra...Organo-chromium(III)complex is one of the chromium contaminant species,which would transform to high-toxic Cr(VI)during migrating in the environment.Such natural organo-chromium(III)(NOCr)is difficult to remove by traditional degradation or precipitation methods,due to its high stability and solubility.Herein,we demonstrated a novel NOCr removing method by transforming it to certain structures similar to Cr-Fe minerals in nature,through a self-circulating decomplex and immobilization mechanism with nano zero-valent iron(nZVI).Taking chromium glycinate(Cr-Gly)as a probe,nZVI showed a high Cr removal efficiency of 99.4%under ambient conditions.The removal process included three stages of adsorption,decomplexation,and re-immobilization.Cr-Gly was first adsorbed on the surface of nZVI by chemisorption of the oxide shell.Then,the adsorbed Cr-Gly was decomplexed and oxidized to Cr(VI)by·OH and 1O_(2),which were generated from molecular oxygen activated by nZVI.Meanwhile,the released Cr(VI)could be in-situ adsorbed and re-reduced to Cr(III),which was further immobilized in form of Cr-O-Fe complex.As the Cr-O-Fe complexing structure was similar to that of Cr-Fe minerals(such as chromohercynite)in nature,this work explored a novel and efficient NOCr removing method that was potential to weaken chromium pollution in the environment.展开更多
Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the preclinical pharmacological and toxicological consistency,and clinical pharmacokinetic equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar LY01008 with reference bevacizumab(Avastin...Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the preclinical pharmacological and toxicological consistency,and clinical pharmacokinetic equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar LY01008 with reference bevacizumab(Avastin).This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LY01008 with Avastin in first-line treatment of Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:StageⅢB-ⅣNSCLC patients with evaluable lesions,good physical status,and adequate organ functions from 67 centers across China were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive LY01008 or Avastin 15 mg/kg intravenously in combination with paclitaxel/carboplatin(combined treatment)for 4-6 cycles,followed by maintenance monotherapy with LY01008 until disease progression,intolerable toxicity,or death.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR)in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)version 1.1 confirmed by independent radiological review committees(IRRC).Secondary endpoints included disease control rate(DCR),duration of response(DoR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov(NCT03533127).Results:Between December 15^(th),2017,and May 15^(th),2019,a total of 649 patients were randomized to the LY01008(n=324)or Avastin(n=325)group.As of September 25th,2019 for primary endpoint analysis,589 patients received ORR evaluation,with a median number of combined treatment cycles of 5(range 1-6)andmedian duration of treatment of 3.0(range 0.0-5.1)months.ORRof responseevaluable patients in the LY01008 and Avastin groups were 48.5% and 53.0%,respectively.The stratified ORR ratio was 0.91(90%CI 0.80-1.04,within the prespecified equivalence margin of 0.75-1.33).Up to May 15^(th),2020,with a median follow-up of 13.6(range 0.8-28.4)months,no notable differences in DCR,median DoR,median PFS,median OS,and 1-year OS rate were observed between the LY01008 and Avastin groups.There were no clinically meaningful differences in safety and immunogenicity across treatment groups.Conclusions:LY01008 demonstrated similarity to Avastin in terms of efficacy and safety in Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC.LY01008 combined with paclitaxel/carboplatin is expected to become a new treatment option for unresectable,metastatic,LY01008 and Avastin groups.There were no clinically meaningful differences in safety and immunogenicity across treatment groups.Conclusions:LY01008 demonstrated similarity to Avastin in terms of efficacy and safety in Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC.LY01008 combined with paclitaxel/carboplatin is expected to become a new treatment option for unresectable,metastatic,or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC patients in the first-line setting.展开更多
In order to improve the starved lubrication condition of rolling bearings,three kinds of textures,namely dimple,groove texture,and gradient groove texture,were developed on the guiding surface of thrust ball bearings ...In order to improve the starved lubrication condition of rolling bearings,three kinds of textures,namely dimple,groove texture,and gradient groove texture,were developed on the guiding surface of thrust ball bearings in this study.The results show that gradient groove texture has the one-way self-driving function of liquid droplets.The root mean square(RMS)value of vibration acceleration of gradient groove textured bearing(GGB)decreased by 49.1% and the kurtosis decreased by 24.6% compared with non-textured bearing(NB)due to the directional spreading effect of gradient groove textures on oil.The frequency domain analysis showed that the textures mainly suppressed the medium and high-frequency energy of bearing vibration,and the GGB was reduced the most with 65.3% and 48%,respectively.In addition,whether the grease is sufficiently sheared has a large impact on the oil guiding effect,and the friction torque of GGB could decrease by 10.5% compared with NB in the sufficiently sheared condition.Therefore,the gradient groove texture with oil self-driven effect on the guiding surface of rolling bearing can effectively improve the lubrication condition of the bearing and thus reduce the bearing vibration and friction torque,which has a promising application prospect.展开更多
As the main limiting step of overall water splitting,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is urgent to be enhanced by developing efficient catalysts to promote the process of electrolytic water.Based on theoretical analysis,...As the main limiting step of overall water splitting,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is urgent to be enhanced by developing efficient catalysts to promote the process of electrolytic water.Based on theoretical analysis,the Ni-metal-organic framework(Ni-MOF)and NiFe-layered double hydroxide(NiFe-LDH)(NiFe-LDH/MOF)heterostructure can optimize the energy barrier of the OER process and decrease the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates,effectively accelerating the OER kinetics.Accordingly,layered NiFe-LDH/MOF heterostructures are in situ constructed through a facile two-step reaction process,with substantial oxygen defects and lattice defects that further improve the catalytic performance.As a result,only 208 and 275 mV OER overpotentials are needed for NiFe-LDH/MOF to drive the current densities of 20 and 100 mA·cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH solutions,and even maintain catalytic stability of 100 h at 20 mA·cm^(-2).When applied to seawater oxidation,only 235 and 307 mV OER overpotentials are required to achieve the current densities of 20 and 100 mA·cm^(-2),respectively,with almost no attenuation for 100 h stability test at 20 mA·cm^(-2),all better than commercial RuO_(2).This work provides the theoretical and experimental basis and a new idea for efficiently driving fresh water and seawater cracking by heterostructure and defect coupling design toward catalysts.展开更多
Multiple enzymes perform moonlighting functions distinct from their main roles.UDP-glucose epimerases(UGEs),a subclass of isomerases,catalyze the interconversion of UDP-glucose(UDP-Glc)and UDP-galactose(UDP-Gal).We id...Multiple enzymes perform moonlighting functions distinct from their main roles.UDP-glucose epimerases(UGEs),a subclass of isomerases,catalyze the interconversion of UDP-glucose(UDP-Glc)and UDP-galactose(UDP-Gal).We identified a rice male-sterile mutant,osuge1,with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen.The mutant osuge1 protein lacked UDP-glucose epimerase activity,resulting in higher UDP-Gal content and lower UDP-Glc levels in the osuge1 mutant compared with the wild type.Interestingly,we discovered that OsUGE1 participates in the TIP2/bHLH142–TDR–EAT1/DTD transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in tapetum degradation,in which TIP2 and TDR regulate the expression of OsUGE1 while OsUGE1 regulates the expression of EAT1.In addition,we found that OsUGE1 regulates the expression of its own gene by directly binding to an E-box element in the OsUGE1 promoter.Collectively,our results indicate that OsUGE1 not only functions as a UDP-glucose epimerase but also moonlights as a transcriptional activator to promote tapetum degradation,revealing a novel regulatory mechanism of rice reproductive development.展开更多
High-performance thermal protection materials(TPMs)for spacecraft are becoming current research hotspots.Lightweight polymer-based ablators are considered to be the most promising candidates for TPMs due to their exce...High-performance thermal protection materials(TPMs)for spacecraft are becoming current research hotspots.Lightweight polymer-based ablators are considered to be the most promising candidates for TPMs due to their excellent designability and versatility.In this study,a unique nano-TiO_(2) coated needled carbon fiber felt/phenolic resin aerogel composite(TiCF/PR)is reported.Wherein the anatase nano-TiO_(2) was in-situ coated on the surface of carbon fibers uniformly through the sol-gel and calcination method,then,the phenolic resin aerogel was in-situ synthesized in the nano-TiO_(2) coated needled carbon fiber felt(TiCF)preform through vacuum impregnation and solvothermal method.The as-prepared aerogel com-posite possesses a low density(0.30–0.32 g/cm^(3)),low thermal conductivity(0.034 and 0.312 W/(m K)in the z and xy directions),and excellent thermal stability with 13.86%residual weight at 1300℃ in air.It is worthwhile to note that the TiCF/PR composite exhibits excellent antioxidant ablation and infrared(IR)radiation shielding properties in a high-temperature heating environment.With an oxygen-acetylene blaze heating of 1.5 MW/m^(2) for 150 s,the linear ablation rates decreased by 13.4%,and the backside temperature reduced from 322.3 to 179.1℃ compared to that of the sample without nano-TiO_(2) coating.The experimental and theoretical analysis showed that the present TiCF/PR nanocomposite has competitive and potential application prospects in the field of future TPMs.展开更多
To investigate the effect of covID-19 control measures on aerosol chemistry,the chemical compositions,mixing states,and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous particles in the urban atmosphere of Liao-cheng in the North...To investigate the effect of covID-19 control measures on aerosol chemistry,the chemical compositions,mixing states,and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous particles in the urban atmosphere of Liao-cheng in the North China Plain(NCP)were compared before and during the pandemic using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometry(SPAMS).The results showed that the concentrations of five air pollutants including PM2.5,PM1o,SO2,NO2,and cO decreased by 41.2%-71.5%during the pandemic compared to those before the pandemic,whereas O3 increased by 1.3 times during the pandemic because of the depressed titration of O3 and more favorable meteorological conditions.The count and percentage contribution of carbonaceous particles in the total detected particles were lower during the pandemic than those before the pandemic.The carbonaceous particles were dominated by elemental and organic carbon(ECOC,35.9%),followed by elemental carbon-aged(EC-aged,19.6%)and organic carbon-fresh(OC-fresh,13.5%)before the pandemic,while EC-aged(25.3%),ECOC(17.9%),and secondary ions-rich(SEC,17.8%)became the predominant species during the pandemic.The carbonaceous particle sizes during the pandemic showed a broader distribution than that before the pandemic,due to the condensation and coagulation of carbonaceous particles in the aging processes.The relative aerosol acidity(Rra)was smaller before the pandemic than that during the pandemic,indicating the more acidic particle aerosol during the pandemic closely related to the secondary species and relative humidity(RH).More than 95.0%and 86.0%of carbonaceous particles in the whole period were internally mixed with nitrate and sulfate,implying that most of the carbonaceous particles were associated with secondary oxidation during their formation processes.The diurnal variations of oxalate particles and correlation analyses suggested that oxalate particles before the pandemic were derived from aqueous oxidation driven by RH and liquid water content(LwC),while oxalate particles during the pandemic were originated from O3-dominatedphotochemical oxidation.展开更多
Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during Chinese Lunar New Year(LNY) period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the at...Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during Chinese Lunar New Year(LNY) period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the atmospheric aerosol chemistry, 1-hr time resolution of PM_(2.5) samples in Xi'an during the winter of 2016 including the LNY were collected and detected for inorganic ions, acidity and liquid water content(LWC) of the fine aerosols. PM_(2.5) during the LNY was 167 ± 87 μg/m^3, two times higher than the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard(75 μg/m^3). K^+(28 wt.% of the total ion mass) was the most abundant ion in the LNY period, followed by SO_4^(2-)(25 wt.%) and Cl-(18 wt.%). In contrast, NO_3^-(34 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the haze periods(hourly PM32-2.5> 75 μg/m), followed by SO_4(29.2 wt.%) and NH_4^+(16.3 wt.%), while SO_4^(2-)(35 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the clean periods(hourly PM_(2.5)< 75 μg/m^3), followed by NO_3^-(23.1 wt.%) and NH_4^+(11 wt.%). Being different from the acidic nature in the non-LNY periods, aerosol in the LNY period presented an alkaline nature with a pH value of 7.8 ± 1.3. LWC during the LNY period showed a robust linear correlation with K_2SO_4 and KCl, suggesting that aerosol hygroscopicity was dominated by inorganic salts derived from fireworks burning. Analysis of correlations between the ratios of NO--3/SO_4^(2-) and NH_4^+/SO_4^(2-) indicated that heterogeneous reaction of HNO_3 with NH_3 was an important formation pathway of particulate nitrate and ammonium during the LNY period.展开更多
Size-resolved biogenic secondary organic aerosols(BSOA) derived from isoprene and monoterpene photooxidation in Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau(a continental background site) and five cities of China were measured using...Size-resolved biogenic secondary organic aerosols(BSOA) derived from isoprene and monoterpene photooxidation in Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau(a continental background site) and five cities of China were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). Concentrations of the determined BSOA are higher in the cities than in the background and are also higher in summer than in winter. Moreover, strong positive correlations(R2= 0.44–0.90) between BSOA and sulfate were found at the six sites,suggesting that anthropogenic pollution(i.e., sulfate) could enhance SOA formation,because sulfate provides a surface favorable for acid-catalyzed formation of BSOA. Size distribution measurements showed that most of the determined SOA tracers are enriched in the fine mode(< 3.3 μm) except for cis-pinic and cis-pinonic acids, both presented a comparable mass in the fine and coarse(> 3.3 μm) modes, respectively. Mass ratio of oxidation products derived from isoprene to those from monoterpene in the five urban regions during summer are much less than those in Qinghai Lake region. In addition, in the five urban regions relative abundances of monoterpene oxidation products to SOA are much higher than those of isoprene. Such phenomena suggest that BSOA derived from monoterpenes are more abundant than those from isoprene in Chinese urban areas.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2023-MS-149.
文摘BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1(VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer(CRC). Knockdown of VASH1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway activity and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen production. Our previous findings suggest that ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2) may play a tumor suppressor and protective role in the development and progression of CRC by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. However, the functional role and mechanism of VASH1-mediated TGF-β1 related pathway in CRC has not been elucidated.AIM To investigate the expression of VASH1 in CRC and its correlation with the expression of EAF2. Furthermore, we studied the functional role and mechanism of VASH1 involved in the regulation and protection of EAF2 in CRC cells in vitro.METHODS We collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein and VASH1 protein in patients with advanced CRC. Following, we investigated the effect and mechanism of EAF2 and VASH1 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS Our findings indicated that EAF2 was down-regulated and VASH1 was upregulated in advanced CRC tissue compared to normal colorectal tissue. KaplanMeier survival analysis showed that the higher EAF2 Level group and the lower VASH1 Level group had a higher survival rate. Overexpression of EAF2 might inhibit the activity of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway by up-regulating the expression of VASH1, and then weaken the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells.CONCLUSION This study suggests that EAF2 and VASH1 may serve as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC, and provide a clinical basis for exploring new biomarkers for CRC. This study complements the mechanism of EAF2 in CRC cells, enriches the role and mechanism of CRC cellderived VASH1, and provides a new possible subtype of CRC as a therapeutic target of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2019-BS-279.
文摘BACKGROUND Drugs targeting mitochondria can induce mitophagy and restrain proliferation in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells.Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5(PGAM5)activates serine/threonine PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy.However,there are few studies on the clinical and prognostic significance of expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin in patients.AIM To assess the clinical significance of PGAM5 and Parkin proteins,as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC,by studying their expression in advanced CRC tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS The expression of PGAM5 and Parkin in CRC tissues from 100 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry.Each case was evaluated by using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining(scored 0-3)and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells(scored 0-4).The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score.Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression according to the Youden index,and the association between the expression of PGAM5 or Parkin and clinicopathological factors was ascertained.Additionally,we employed western blot to measure PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in six matched pairs of CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissues.RESULTS Immunohistochemical and western blot findings showed that both PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues:PGAM5 and Parkin were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells.PGAM5 and Parkin protein levels were significantly positively correlated in advanced CRC tissues.Moreover,reduced Parkin protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in CRC patients as evinced by multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION The expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin has diagnostic significance for CRC and may become new biomarkers.Parkin may be a potential marker for the survival of CRC patients.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2019-BS-279.
文摘BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene,ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2),expressed in benign prostate tissues,has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors.In addition,some scholars found that EAF2 frameshift mutations are associated with intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer(CRC)and inactivation of EAF2 in microsatellite instability-high CRC.However,the molecular mechanism by which EAF2 is involved in CRC invasion and metastasis remains unclear.AIM To determine the clinical value of expression of EAF2 protein in CRC,and to study the effects of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro.METHODS In this study,we collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein in patients with advanced CRC.Subsequently,we investigated the effect of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS EAF2 protein was lowly expressed in cancer tissues of patients with advanced CRC.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high EAF2 level group was higher than that of the low EAF2 level group.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EAF2,as a tumor suppressor,may inhibit the invasion,metastasis,and angiogenesis of CRC cells by regulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/transforming growth factor-β1 crosstalk pathway,and play a cancer suppressive and protective role in the occurrence and development of CRC.Our findings are of great significance to provide a new idea and theoretical basis for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
基金This research was supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)(DE170100928,DP170101467)an Australian Renewable Energy Agency(ARENA)Project(G00849).The authors acknowledge the use of the facilities at the UOW Electron Microscopy Center(LE0882813 and LE0237478)and Dr.Tania Silver for critical reading of the manuscript.
文摘This work reports influence of two different electrolytes,carbonate ester and ether electrolytes,on the sulfur redox reactions in room-temperature Na-S batteries.Two sulfur cathodes with different S loading ratio and status are investigated.A sulfur-rich composite with most sulfur dispersed on the surface of a carbon host can realize a high loading ratio(72%S).In contrast,a confined sulfur sample can encapsulate S into the pores of the carbon host with a low loading ratio(44%S).In carbonate ester electrolyte,only the sulfur trapped in porous structures is active via‘solid-solid’behavior during cycling.The S cathode with high surface sulfur shows poor reversible capacity because of the severe side reactions between the surface polysulfides and the carbonate ester solvents.To improve the capacity of the sulfur-rich cathode,ether electrolyte with NaNO_(3) additive is explored to realize a‘solid-liquid’sulfur redox process and confine the shuttle effect of the dissolved polysulfides.As a result,the sulfur-rich cathode achieved high reversible capacity(483 mAh g^(−1)),corresponding to a specific energy of 362 Wh kg^(−1) after 200 cycles,shedding light on the use of ether electrolyte for high-loading sulfur cathode.
基金This work was financially supported by National Key R&D Plan(Grant No.2017YFC0210000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41701413)+1 种基金National Key R&D Plan(Grant No.2017YFC0212703)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB05020401).Meteorological data were acquired from the Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Process System(air temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed),and ERA-Interim reanalysis(boundary layer height)that was provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.
文摘A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events.In this study,we examine the temporal and spatial variations in both PM_(1)and its major chemical constituents using three-year field measurements that were collected in six representative regions in China between 2012 and 2014.Our results show that both PM_(1)and its chemical compositions varied significantly in space and time,with high PM_(1)loadings mainly observed in the winter.By comparing chemical constituents between clean and polluted episodes,we find that the elevated PM_(1)mass concentration during pollution events should be largely attributable to significant increases in organic matter(OM)and inorganic aerosols like sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium(SNA),indicative of the critical role of primary emissions and secondary aerosols in elevating PM_(1)pollution levels.The ratios of PM_(1)/PM2.5 are found to be generally high in Shanghai and Guangzhou,while relatively low ratios are seen in Xi’an and Chengdu,indicating anthropogenic emissions were more likely to accumulate in forms of finer particles.With respect to the relative importance of chemical components and meteorological factors quantified via statistical modeling practices,we find that primary emissions and secondary aerosols were the two leading factors contributing to PM_(1)variations,though meteorological factors also played important roles in regulating the dispersion of atmospheric PM.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 42007202,41773117)the National Key R&D Plan, Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Mechanism and chemical process characterization of atmospheric particulate matter multi-isotope fractionation)(No. 2017YFC0212703)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.20dz1204011)the program of Institute of Eco-Chongming and ECNU Happiness Flower。
文摘To investigate the impact of emission controls on ammonia(NH_(3)) pollution in urban atmosphere, observation on NH_(3)(1 hr interval) was performed in Shanghai before, during and after the 2019 China International Import Expo (CIIE) event, along with measurements on inorganic ions, organic tracers and stable nitrogen isotope compositions of ammonium in PM_(2.5). NH_(3)during the CIIE period was 6.5±1.0μg/m^(3), which is 41% and 32% lower than that before and after the event, respectively. Such a decrease was largely ascribed to the emission controls in nonagricultural sources, of which contribution for measured NH_(3)in control phase abated by ~20% compared to that during uncontrol period. Molecular compositions of PAHs and hopanes further suggested a dominant role of the reduced vehicle emissions in the urban NH_(3)abatement during the CIIE period. Our results revealed that vehicle exhaust emission control is an effective way to mitigate NH_(3)pollution and improve air quality in Chinese urban areas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41773117, 42007202)the National Key R&D Plan, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Mechanism and chemical process characterization of atmospheric particulate matter multi-isotope fractionation) (No. 2017YFC0212703)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (No. 20dz1204011)the program of Institute of Eco-Chongming and ECNU Happiness Flower
文摘To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon(BrC),daily PM2.5 samples in Xingtai,a small city in North China Plain(NCP),during the four seasons of 2018-2019,were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions.The light absorption at 365 nm(abs λ=365 nm)displayed a strong seasonal variation with the highest value in winter(29.0±14.3 M/m),which was 3.2∼5.4-fold of that in other seasons.A strong correlation of abs λ=365 nm with benzo(b)fluoranthene(BbF)was only observed in winter,indicating that coal combustion was the major source for BrC in the season due to the enhanced domestic heating.The mass absorbing efficiency of BrC also exhibited a similar seasonal pattern,and was found to correlate linearly with the aerosol pH,suggesting a positive effect of aerosol acidity on the optical properties and formation of BrC in the city.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)analysis further showed that on a yearly basis the major source for BrC was biomass burning,which accounted for 34% of the total BrC,followed by secondary formation(26.7%),coal combustion(21.3%)and fugitive dust(18%).However,the contribution from coal combustionwas remarkably enhanced in winter,accounting for∼40%of the total.Our work revealed that more efforts of“shifting coal to clean energy”are necessary in rural areas and small cities in NCP in order to further mitigate PM2.5 pollution in China.
基金This work was financially supported by National Key R&D Plan,Ministry of Science and Technology of China—“Mechanism and chemical process characterization of atmospheric particulate matter multi-isotope fractionation”(Grant No.2017YFC0212703)the program from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41773117)the program of Happiness Flower Plan of East China Normal University of China.
文摘Amines are important for new particle formation and subsequent growth in the atmosphere.Consequently,the processes involved are receiving more attention in recent years.Here,we conduct a field observation in order to investigate the atmospheric particulate amines at a background site in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)during the summer of 2018.Four amines in PM_(2.5),i.e.,methylamine(MA),dimethylamine(DMA),diethylamine(DEA),and trimethylamine(TMA),were collected,twice daily and analyzed.During the campaign,our measurements found the concentrations of MA,DMA,DEA,and TMA of 15.0±15.0,6.3±6.9,20.4±30.1,and 4.0±5.9 ng m^-(3),respectively,and the four amines correlated well with each other.The concentration of amines appear to be independent of whether they were collected during the day or night.Both MA and DMA exhibited a bimodal size distribution that had peaks at 0.67 and 1.1μm,suggesting amines preferably distribute on submicron particles.Boundary layer height(BLH),relative humidity,and pH of aerosols were found have a negative relationship with amines,while aerosol liquid water content(ALWC)was found to have a positive relationship with amines.The PMF(positive matrix factorization)source apportionment results showed that the main source of amines in Chongming Island was of anthropogenic origin such as industrial and biomass emission,followed by marine sources including sea salt and marine biogenic sources.Given that the YRD region is still suffering from complex atmospheric pollution and that the knowledge on aerosol amines is still limited,more field studies are in urgent need for a better understanding of the pollution characteristics of amines.
基金supported by Innovative Talent Promotion Plan-Key Technology Innovation Team Plan(2017KCT-27).
文摘Objective:To predict the mechanism of action of San Huang lotion for topical treatment of eczema at the level of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active ingredients and corresponding targets of San Huang lotion were collected using the TCMSP data platform and UniProt;the relevant gene targets of San Huang lotion were collected using the GeneCards database,OMIM database,TTD database,and DrugBank database;the intersection targets of San Huang lotion and eczema were obtained by creating avenn diagram;the key active ingredients and targets were screened by constructing a disease-active ingredient-target map,and the key active ingredients and core targets were screened out by constructing disease-active ingredient-target diagrams and PPInetwork diagrams;GOand KEGGenrichment analyses were conducted using the metascapewebsite and the higher significant entries were selected to produce bar charts and bubble plots.Finally,molecular docking of key active ingredients and core targets was performed.Results:A total of 134 active ingredients and 3,320 eczema-related target genes were screened for San Huang lotion,and 126 intersecting targets were obtained for San Huang lotion and eczema.The five key active ingredients of San Huang lotion for topical treatment of eczema and six core targets ofAKT1,TNF,IL6,IL1B,TP53andVEGFA were obtained by drug-active ingredient-target map and PPInetwork map.The GOand KEGGenrichment analysis showed that the topical treatment of eczema withSanHuanglotion might be mediated throughIL-17signaling pathway,TNFsignaling pathway and Th17cell differentiation pathway.The molecular docking results showed that the docking binding energy of key active ingredients and core targets was mostly less than-5 kcal/mol,and the docking was good.Conclusion:The quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,formononetin,beta-sitosterol and other active ingredients in San Huang lotion may act on eczema through AKT1,TNF,IL6,IL1B,TP53,VEGFA and other targets,and through IL-17signaling pathway,TNFsignaling pathway,Th17cell differentiation and other pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22222612)Major program Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JC0001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0210400).
文摘Organo-chromium(III)complex is one of the chromium contaminant species,which would transform to high-toxic Cr(VI)during migrating in the environment.Such natural organo-chromium(III)(NOCr)is difficult to remove by traditional degradation or precipitation methods,due to its high stability and solubility.Herein,we demonstrated a novel NOCr removing method by transforming it to certain structures similar to Cr-Fe minerals in nature,through a self-circulating decomplex and immobilization mechanism with nano zero-valent iron(nZVI).Taking chromium glycinate(Cr-Gly)as a probe,nZVI showed a high Cr removal efficiency of 99.4%under ambient conditions.The removal process included three stages of adsorption,decomplexation,and re-immobilization.Cr-Gly was first adsorbed on the surface of nZVI by chemisorption of the oxide shell.Then,the adsorbed Cr-Gly was decomplexed and oxidized to Cr(VI)by·OH and 1O_(2),which were generated from molecular oxygen activated by nZVI.Meanwhile,the released Cr(VI)could be in-situ adsorbed and re-reduced to Cr(III),which was further immobilized in form of Cr-O-Fe complex.As the Cr-O-Fe complexing structure was similar to that of Cr-Fe minerals(such as chromohercynite)in nature,this work explored a novel and efficient NOCr removing method that was potential to weaken chromium pollution in the environment.
基金China National Major Project for New Drug Innovation,Grant/Award Number:2017ZX09304015Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),Grant/Award Number:2016-I2M-1-001。
文摘Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the preclinical pharmacological and toxicological consistency,and clinical pharmacokinetic equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar LY01008 with reference bevacizumab(Avastin).This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LY01008 with Avastin in first-line treatment of Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:StageⅢB-ⅣNSCLC patients with evaluable lesions,good physical status,and adequate organ functions from 67 centers across China were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive LY01008 or Avastin 15 mg/kg intravenously in combination with paclitaxel/carboplatin(combined treatment)for 4-6 cycles,followed by maintenance monotherapy with LY01008 until disease progression,intolerable toxicity,or death.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR)in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)version 1.1 confirmed by independent radiological review committees(IRRC).Secondary endpoints included disease control rate(DCR),duration of response(DoR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov(NCT03533127).Results:Between December 15^(th),2017,and May 15^(th),2019,a total of 649 patients were randomized to the LY01008(n=324)or Avastin(n=325)group.As of September 25th,2019 for primary endpoint analysis,589 patients received ORR evaluation,with a median number of combined treatment cycles of 5(range 1-6)andmedian duration of treatment of 3.0(range 0.0-5.1)months.ORRof responseevaluable patients in the LY01008 and Avastin groups were 48.5% and 53.0%,respectively.The stratified ORR ratio was 0.91(90%CI 0.80-1.04,within the prespecified equivalence margin of 0.75-1.33).Up to May 15^(th),2020,with a median follow-up of 13.6(range 0.8-28.4)months,no notable differences in DCR,median DoR,median PFS,median OS,and 1-year OS rate were observed between the LY01008 and Avastin groups.There were no clinically meaningful differences in safety and immunogenicity across treatment groups.Conclusions:LY01008 demonstrated similarity to Avastin in terms of efficacy and safety in Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC.LY01008 combined with paclitaxel/carboplatin is expected to become a new treatment option for unresectable,metastatic,LY01008 and Avastin groups.There were no clinically meaningful differences in safety and immunogenicity across treatment groups.Conclusions:LY01008 demonstrated similarity to Avastin in terms of efficacy and safety in Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC.LY01008 combined with paclitaxel/carboplatin is expected to become a new treatment option for unresectable,metastatic,or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC patients in the first-line setting.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB2006803)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(Grant No.GK209907299001-006)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY19E050014)Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department of China(Grant No.Y202044314).
文摘In order to improve the starved lubrication condition of rolling bearings,three kinds of textures,namely dimple,groove texture,and gradient groove texture,were developed on the guiding surface of thrust ball bearings in this study.The results show that gradient groove texture has the one-way self-driving function of liquid droplets.The root mean square(RMS)value of vibration acceleration of gradient groove textured bearing(GGB)decreased by 49.1% and the kurtosis decreased by 24.6% compared with non-textured bearing(NB)due to the directional spreading effect of gradient groove textures on oil.The frequency domain analysis showed that the textures mainly suppressed the medium and high-frequency energy of bearing vibration,and the GGB was reduced the most with 65.3% and 48%,respectively.In addition,whether the grease is sufficiently sheared has a large impact on the oil guiding effect,and the friction torque of GGB could decrease by 10.5% compared with NB in the sufficiently sheared condition.Therefore,the gradient groove texture with oil self-driven effect on the guiding surface of rolling bearing can effectively improve the lubrication condition of the bearing and thus reduce the bearing vibration and friction torque,which has a promising application prospect.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075223)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology)(No.2022-ZD-4).
文摘As the main limiting step of overall water splitting,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is urgent to be enhanced by developing efficient catalysts to promote the process of electrolytic water.Based on theoretical analysis,the Ni-metal-organic framework(Ni-MOF)and NiFe-layered double hydroxide(NiFe-LDH)(NiFe-LDH/MOF)heterostructure can optimize the energy barrier of the OER process and decrease the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates,effectively accelerating the OER kinetics.Accordingly,layered NiFe-LDH/MOF heterostructures are in situ constructed through a facile two-step reaction process,with substantial oxygen defects and lattice defects that further improve the catalytic performance.As a result,only 208 and 275 mV OER overpotentials are needed for NiFe-LDH/MOF to drive the current densities of 20 and 100 mA·cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH solutions,and even maintain catalytic stability of 100 h at 20 mA·cm^(-2).When applied to seawater oxidation,only 235 and 307 mV OER overpotentials are required to achieve the current densities of 20 and 100 mA·cm^(-2),respectively,with almost no attenuation for 100 h stability test at 20 mA·cm^(-2),all better than commercial RuO_(2).This work provides the theoretical and experimental basis and a new idea for efficiently driving fresh water and seawater cracking by heterostructure and defect coupling design toward catalysts.
基金The Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyi-cxttx0004)the Chongqing Outstanding Scientists Project(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072028,31730063).
文摘Multiple enzymes perform moonlighting functions distinct from their main roles.UDP-glucose epimerases(UGEs),a subclass of isomerases,catalyze the interconversion of UDP-glucose(UDP-Glc)and UDP-galactose(UDP-Gal).We identified a rice male-sterile mutant,osuge1,with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen.The mutant osuge1 protein lacked UDP-glucose epimerase activity,resulting in higher UDP-Gal content and lower UDP-Glc levels in the osuge1 mutant compared with the wild type.Interestingly,we discovered that OsUGE1 participates in the TIP2/bHLH142–TDR–EAT1/DTD transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in tapetum degradation,in which TIP2 and TDR regulate the expression of OsUGE1 while OsUGE1 regulates the expression of EAT1.In addition,we found that OsUGE1 regulates the expression of its own gene by directly binding to an E-box element in the OsUGE1 promoter.Collectively,our results indicate that OsUGE1 not only functions as a UDP-glucose epimerase but also moonlights as a transcriptional activator to promote tapetum degradation,revealing a novel regulatory mechanism of rice reproductive development.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872066,52032003,and U20B2017).
文摘High-performance thermal protection materials(TPMs)for spacecraft are becoming current research hotspots.Lightweight polymer-based ablators are considered to be the most promising candidates for TPMs due to their excellent designability and versatility.In this study,a unique nano-TiO_(2) coated needled carbon fiber felt/phenolic resin aerogel composite(TiCF/PR)is reported.Wherein the anatase nano-TiO_(2) was in-situ coated on the surface of carbon fibers uniformly through the sol-gel and calcination method,then,the phenolic resin aerogel was in-situ synthesized in the nano-TiO_(2) coated needled carbon fiber felt(TiCF)preform through vacuum impregnation and solvothermal method.The as-prepared aerogel com-posite possesses a low density(0.30–0.32 g/cm^(3)),low thermal conductivity(0.034 and 0.312 W/(m K)in the z and xy directions),and excellent thermal stability with 13.86%residual weight at 1300℃ in air.It is worthwhile to note that the TiCF/PR composite exhibits excellent antioxidant ablation and infrared(IR)radiation shielding properties in a high-temperature heating environment.With an oxygen-acetylene blaze heating of 1.5 MW/m^(2) for 150 s,the linear ablation rates decreased by 13.4%,and the backside temperature reduced from 322.3 to 179.1℃ compared to that of the sample without nano-TiO_(2) coating.The experimental and theoretical analysis showed that the present TiCF/PR nanocomposite has competitive and potential application prospects in the field of future TPMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(grant number 42177083)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grant number ZR2020MD113)and Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number SKLLOG2020).
文摘To investigate the effect of covID-19 control measures on aerosol chemistry,the chemical compositions,mixing states,and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous particles in the urban atmosphere of Liao-cheng in the North China Plain(NCP)were compared before and during the pandemic using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometry(SPAMS).The results showed that the concentrations of five air pollutants including PM2.5,PM1o,SO2,NO2,and cO decreased by 41.2%-71.5%during the pandemic compared to those before the pandemic,whereas O3 increased by 1.3 times during the pandemic because of the depressed titration of O3 and more favorable meteorological conditions.The count and percentage contribution of carbonaceous particles in the total detected particles were lower during the pandemic than those before the pandemic.The carbonaceous particles were dominated by elemental and organic carbon(ECOC,35.9%),followed by elemental carbon-aged(EC-aged,19.6%)and organic carbon-fresh(OC-fresh,13.5%)before the pandemic,while EC-aged(25.3%),ECOC(17.9%),and secondary ions-rich(SEC,17.8%)became the predominant species during the pandemic.The carbonaceous particle sizes during the pandemic showed a broader distribution than that before the pandemic,due to the condensation and coagulation of carbonaceous particles in the aging processes.The relative aerosol acidity(Rra)was smaller before the pandemic than that during the pandemic,indicating the more acidic particle aerosol during the pandemic closely related to the secondary species and relative humidity(RH).More than 95.0%and 86.0%of carbonaceous particles in the whole period were internally mixed with nitrate and sulfate,implying that most of the carbonaceous particles were associated with secondary oxidation during their formation processes.The diurnal variations of oxalate particles and correlation analyses suggested that oxalate particles before the pandemic were derived from aqueous oxidation driven by RH and liquid water content(LwC),while oxalate particles during the pandemic were originated from O3-dominatedphotochemical oxidation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC0210000)the National Natural Science Funds of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 41325014)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41773117)
文摘Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during Chinese Lunar New Year(LNY) period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the atmospheric aerosol chemistry, 1-hr time resolution of PM_(2.5) samples in Xi'an during the winter of 2016 including the LNY were collected and detected for inorganic ions, acidity and liquid water content(LWC) of the fine aerosols. PM_(2.5) during the LNY was 167 ± 87 μg/m^3, two times higher than the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard(75 μg/m^3). K^+(28 wt.% of the total ion mass) was the most abundant ion in the LNY period, followed by SO_4^(2-)(25 wt.%) and Cl-(18 wt.%). In contrast, NO_3^-(34 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the haze periods(hourly PM32-2.5> 75 μg/m), followed by SO_4(29.2 wt.%) and NH_4^+(16.3 wt.%), while SO_4^(2-)(35 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the clean periods(hourly PM_(2.5)< 75 μg/m^3), followed by NO_3^-(23.1 wt.%) and NH_4^+(11 wt.%). Being different from the acidic nature in the non-LNY periods, aerosol in the LNY period presented an alkaline nature with a pH value of 7.8 ± 1.3. LWC during the LNY period showed a robust linear correlation with K_2SO_4 and KCl, suggesting that aerosol hygroscopicity was dominated by inorganic salts derived from fireworks burning. Analysis of correlations between the ratios of NO--3/SO_4^(2-) and NH_4^+/SO_4^(2-) indicated that heterogeneous reaction of HNO_3 with NH_3 was an important formation pathway of particulate nitrate and ammonium during the LNY period.
基金supported by the China National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 41325014)the National Key R&D Plan (Quantitative Relationship and Regulation Principle between Regional Oxidation Capacity of Atmospheric and Air Quality) (No. 2017YFC0210000)+1 种基金the program from National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41773117) (No. 41405122, 91543116)the West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Size-resolved biogenic secondary organic aerosols(BSOA) derived from isoprene and monoterpene photooxidation in Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau(a continental background site) and five cities of China were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). Concentrations of the determined BSOA are higher in the cities than in the background and are also higher in summer than in winter. Moreover, strong positive correlations(R2= 0.44–0.90) between BSOA and sulfate were found at the six sites,suggesting that anthropogenic pollution(i.e., sulfate) could enhance SOA formation,because sulfate provides a surface favorable for acid-catalyzed formation of BSOA. Size distribution measurements showed that most of the determined SOA tracers are enriched in the fine mode(< 3.3 μm) except for cis-pinic and cis-pinonic acids, both presented a comparable mass in the fine and coarse(> 3.3 μm) modes, respectively. Mass ratio of oxidation products derived from isoprene to those from monoterpene in the five urban regions during summer are much less than those in Qinghai Lake region. In addition, in the five urban regions relative abundances of monoterpene oxidation products to SOA are much higher than those of isoprene. Such phenomena suggest that BSOA derived from monoterpenes are more abundant than those from isoprene in Chinese urban areas.
