Background: Blocking the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2(Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase Ⅱ/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke,...Background: Blocking the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2(Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase Ⅱ/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood–brain barrier(BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. Methods: Scalp acupuncture(SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin,” and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. Results: We found that ROCK Ⅱ acts as a promoter of the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the preintervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK Ⅱ, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. Conclusion: This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell–related proteins.展开更多
Hot deformation of sintered billets by powder metallurgy(PM)is an effective preparation technique for titanium alloys,which is more significant for high-alloying alloys.In this study,Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–Mo–V(TA15)titaniu...Hot deformation of sintered billets by powder metallurgy(PM)is an effective preparation technique for titanium alloys,which is more significant for high-alloying alloys.In this study,Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–Mo–V(TA15)titanium alloy plates were prepared by cold press-ing sintering combined with high-temperature hot rolling.The microstructure and mechanical properties under different process paramet-ers were investigated.Optical microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and others were applied to characterize the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties strengthening mechanism.The results showed that the chemical compositions were uniformly dif-fused without segregation during sintering,and the closing of the matrix craters was accelerated by increasing the sintering temperature.The block was hot rolled at 1200℃ with an 80%reduction under only two passes without annealing.The strength and elongation of the plate at 20–25℃ after solution and aging were 1247 MPa and 14.0%,respectively,which were increased by 24.5%and 40.0%,respect-ively,compared with the as-sintered alloy at 1300℃.The microstructure was significantly refined by continuous dynamic recrystalliza-tion,which was completed by the rotation and dislocation absorption of the substructure surrounded by low-angle grain boundaries.After hot rolling combined with heat treatment,the strength and plasticity of PM-TA15 were significantly improved,which resulted from the dense,uniform,and fine recrystallization structure and the synergistic effect of multiple slip systems.展开更多
Efficient cell migration is crucial for the functioning of biological processes, e.g., morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. In this study, we monitor the migratory behavior of the 3D fibroblast cluster...Efficient cell migration is crucial for the functioning of biological processes, e.g., morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. In this study, we monitor the migratory behavior of the 3D fibroblast clusters using live cell microscopy,and find that crowded environment affects cell migration, i.e., crowding leads to directional migration at the cluster’s periphery. The number of cell layers being stacked during seeding determines the directional-to-random transition. Intriguingly,the migratory behavior of cell clusters resembles the dispersion dynamics of clouds of passive particles, indicating that the biological process is driven by physical effects(e.g., entropy) rather than cell communication. Our findings highlight the role of intrinsic physical characteristics, such as crowding, in regulating biological behavior, and suggest new therapeutic approaches targeting at cancer metastasis.展开更多
The rapid development of new-generation information technology has triggered the evolution of education and teaching towards digitalization,accelerating the digital transformation of higher education and bringing an i...The rapid development of new-generation information technology has triggered the evolution of education and teaching towards digitalization,accelerating the digital transformation of higher education and bringing an important opportunity for the high-quality development of higher education.Firstly,we give an overview of the digital development of higher education and discuss how information technology is reshaping the teaching and learning of higher education.Secondly,we explain the consensus on the digital development of higher education,and focus on summarizing the digital achievements of higher education in China and analyzing the successful experience through the introduction of the digital development trend of higher education in the world.Finally,we point out the current problems and challenges and make a preliminary discussion.Digital empowerment has arrived,and in the era of digitization,the transformation and development of higher education will lead to systemic changes in universities.This is an inevitable stage in the process of higher education development.Digital transformation will drive higher education to be more competitive,inclusive,and accessible,enabling universities to unleash their digital vitality in various service functions and contribute to the construction of a digital China.展开更多
Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past...Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past three decades,significant progress in materials science,microfabrication,and various applications has boosted the development of promising functional microfluidic devices.In this review,the recent progress on novel microfluidic devices with various functions and applications is presented.First,the theory and numerical methods for studying the performance of microfluidic devices are briefly introduced.Then,materials and fabrication methods of functional microfluidic devices are summarized.Next,the recent significant advances in applications of microfluidic devices are highlighted,including heat sinks,clean water production,chemical reactions,sensors,biomedicine,capillaric circuits,wearable electronic devices,and microrobotics.Finally,perspectives on the challenges and future developments of functional microfluidic devices are presented.This review aims to inspire researchers from various fields engineering,materials,chemistry,mathematics,physics,and more—to collaborate and drive forward the development and applications of functional microfluidic devices,specifically for achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with poor prognosis,even after revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),likely due to coronary endothelial cell dysfunction and injury.^([1,...Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with poor prognosis,even after revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),likely due to coronary endothelial cell dysfunction and injury.^([1,2])Endothelin-1 (ET-1),a peptide that serves as a vasoconstrictor of smooth muscle cell proliferation,can reflect endothelial cell functional states.Due to low circulation levels and short plasma half-life time,measuring plasma ET-1 levels is difficult.In contrast,big ET-1.展开更多
Based on "MOOC + SPOC + Flipped Classroom", a particular blending teaching pattern adapting to MOOC teaching is proposed to strengthen software engineering students' abilities to study themselves and pra...Based on "MOOC + SPOC + Flipped Classroom", a particular blending teaching pattern adapting to MOOC teaching is proposed to strengthen software engineering students' abilities to study themselves and practice innovatively. Firstly, the process of MOOC development in China is introduced. The distinguishing feature and effect of MOOC teaching are analyzed, followed by the comparison with traditional class. The online Plus offline blending teaching pattern is the combination of online self-study on MOOC before class, seminar study of flipped classroom in class and the summary after class. With the demonstration of a typical case, a progressive strategy is given to implement blending teaching. Finally, the blending teaching pattern is assessed from multiple perspectives, of which both advantages and disadvantages are dissected. Through primary exploration, introducing online study and flipped classroom, blending teaching plays a positive role in software engineering teaching, which means traditional teaching pattern is changed. Meanwhile, students' innovative consciousness and practical ability are inspired. Nevertheless, new problems arise, so that intensive practice and improvement are necessary.展开更多
Since 2012, the MOOCs, the massive open online courses, have brought big influences on the higher education in the world. How to use MOOCs to help universities rather than bother them to improve their education level ...Since 2012, the MOOCs, the massive open online courses, have brought big influences on the higher education in the world. How to use MOOCs to help universities rather than bother them to improve their education level and quality becomes an important issue. In China, many universities have explored the new modes and approaches for MOOC/SPOC-based teaching and learning. Especially, the China MOOC Association on Computing Education(CMOOC association), established in 2014, has done a set of successful practice and achieved fruitful experiences on MOOC courses development and computer education reform. Based on the practical experiences, a MOOC/SPOC based "1+M+N" multi-university collaborative teaching and learning mode is presented, which is adapted to the real situation of Chinese university education. In the paper, the practices and experiences of CMOOC association are introduced, the MOOC/SPOC based "1+M+N" multi-university collaborative teaching and learning mode and its approaches are described. Finally, the suggestions for MOOCs development and applications are also presented.展开更多
AIM:To compare the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)and triamcinolone acetonide(IVTA)for macular edema(ME)secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).METHODS:A prospective,rando...AIM:To compare the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)and triamcinolone acetonide(IVTA)for macular edema(ME)secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).METHODS:A prospective,randomized clinical study.Patients with ME secondary to BRVO were randomly assigned to either IVC group or IVTA group at a ratio of 2:1 and a 12-month follow-up was performed.The efficacy outcome measures included the mean changes and differences in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the central retinal thickness(CRT).The safety profiles and the mean retreatment intervals were also compared.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference of baseline between the two groups(IVC group,n=36;IVTA group,n=17).At 12mof the BCVA letters improved by 27.31±18.36 in the IVC group,and 13.53±11.37 in the IVTA group(P=0.0004).CRT reduction was 253.33±163.69 and 150.24±134.32 pm,respectively(P=0.0034).The mean BCVA in the IVC group was superior to that of the IVTA group for months 6-12(P<0.01).The mean CRT at 9 and 12mo were thinner in the IVC group compared to the IVTA group(P<0.01).The mean retreatment interval in the IVC group was longer than that in the IVTA group(97.40±36.27d vs 68.71±36.38d,P=0.0030).One eye in the IVC group and seven eyes in the IVTA group developed elevated intraocular pressure(IOP;P=0.0012).The proportion of eyes with cataract new-onset or progression were 19.44%in the IVC group and 64.71%in the IVTA group(P=0.0012).CONCLUSION:IVC could maintain or improve BCVA and reduce CRT for a longer time and have longer retreatment interval than IVTA.In addition,patients treated with IVTA are more susceptible to IOP elevation and cataract progression.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Physiological convulsive thresholds degrade when the brain is in some pathologic states; thus, a level of stimulus that cannot provoke a convulsion may evoke a seizure or epileptic seizure. OBJECTIVE： To...BACKGROUND： Physiological convulsive thresholds degrade when the brain is in some pathologic states; thus, a level of stimulus that cannot provoke a convulsion may evoke a seizure or epileptic seizure. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological, and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Research Institute of Epilepsy of Shanxi Medical University; Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Research Institute of Function of Shanxi Medical University. MATERIALS： Thirty-six female Wistar rats were selected for this study. The rats were obtained from the experimental animal center of Shanxi Medical University. All laboratory procedures complied with animal ethical standards. The animals were randomly divided into three groups： a strong current group, a weak current group and a control group, with 12 rats in each group. An automatic determinator of seizure threshold was made at Shanxi Medical University and Taiyuan University of Technology. Two bipolar stainless steel stimulating electrodes and an electrode connector （diameter 1.2 ram） were made at Taiyuan University of Technology. METHODS： This study was performed in the laboratory of Research Institute of the Epilepsy of Shanxi Medical University between December 2005 and August 2006. The threshold of localized seizures was measured by performing direct cortical stimulation in rats under anesthesia. After 1 week of post-operative recovery, electric stimulation was started with three different kinds of stimulation. Seizure activity was induced by a ramp-shaped single train of biphasic pulses （50 Hz, total pulse duration of 2 ms, increasing from 0 to 2 000μ A in 15 seconds）. The threshold of localized seizures （TLS） has been defined as the minimum current intensity necessary to provoke convulsion of the forelimbs and/or facial muscles. Up to the TLS, if stimulation continued, the current intensity necessary to provoke the generalized seizures is called the threshold of generalized seizures （TGS）. If stimulation is continued for about 2 seconds when the TGS is reached, rats still showed generalized clonic activity after stimulation ceased. When seizures stopped, a short period of immobility can be observed. The current intensity is called the threshold of prolonged seizures （TPS）. The rats in the strong current group were stimulated up to the current level required to reach the TPS. In the course of stimulation, first, the TLS was recorded, then the TGS, and finally the TPS. The stimulation interval in one session was 10 minutes, repeated twice daily. The rats in the weak current group were only stimulated up to the current levels required to reach the TGS; first, the TLS was recorded and then the TGS was measured at the same time as the strong current group. Control animals were also equipped with a full electrode set and placed in the same conditions, but no stimulation took place, only electroencephalogram （EEG） recording at the same times as the experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Stimulation of the two experimental groups lasted for 11 weeks and then observation of their behavior and electroencephalogram recording continued for 4 weeks. The control group was also observed over a total of 15 weeks. ② Observing neuronal damage/loss in the hippocampus with a light microscope using a 250x visual field. RESULTS： All 36 Wistar rats were included in the final analysis. At the beginning of the experiment, the convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA, although there were significant individual variations among rats of the same group. Those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation. The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level in the 10^th week after commencement of stimulation. There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulations lasted longer; the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than at the beginning of the trial （P 〈 0.01）. An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3^rd week in the strong current group, and in the 8th week in the weak current group; these discharges were concomitant with neuronal damage and loss in the hippocampus. There was no abnormality observed in the control group. CONCLUSION： These findings indicated that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages： a physiological convulsive threshold and a pathological convulsive threshold （epileptic threshold） The epileptic threshold is created by pathologically acquired factors, which give rise to brain damage. The increase in the intensity of these pathologically acquired factors led to aggravation of damage.展开更多
Accurate crop distribution mapping is required for crop yield prediction and field management. Due to rapid progress in remote sensing technology, fine spatial resolution(FSR) remotely sensed imagery now offers great ...Accurate crop distribution mapping is required for crop yield prediction and field management. Due to rapid progress in remote sensing technology, fine spatial resolution(FSR) remotely sensed imagery now offers great opportunities for mapping crop types in great detail. However, within-class variance can hamper attempts to discriminate crop classes at fine resolutions. Multi-temporal FSR remotely sensed imagery provides a means of increasing crop classification from FSR imagery, although current methods do not exploit the available information fully. In this research, a novel Temporal Sequence Object-based Convolutional Neural Network(TS-OCNN) was proposed to classify agricultural crop type from FSR image time-series. An object-based CNN(OCNN) model was adopted in the TS-OCNN to classify images at the object level(i.e., segmented objects or crop parcels), thus, maintaining the precise boundary information of crop parcels. The combination of image time-series was first utilized as the input to the OCNN model to produce an ‘original’ or baseline classification. Then the single-date images were fed automatically into the deep learning model scene-by-scene in order of image acquisition date to increase successively the crop classification accuracy. By doing so, the joint information in the FSR multi-temporal observations and the unique individual information from the single-date images were exploited comprehensively for crop classification. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was investigated using multitemporal SAR and optical imagery, respectively, over two heterogeneous agricultural areas. The experimental results demonstrated that the newly proposed TS-OCNN approach consistently increased crop classification accuracy, and achieved the greatest accuracies(82.68% and 87.40%) in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmark methods, including the object-based CNN(OCNN)(81.63% and85.88%), object-based image analysis(OBIA)(78.21% and 84.83%), and standard pixel-wise CNN(79.18%and 82.90%). The proposed approach is the first known attempt to explore simultaneously the joint information from image time-series with the unique information from single-date images for crop classification using a deep learning framework. The TS-OCNN, therefore, represents a new approach for agricultural landscape classification from multi-temporal FSR imagery. Besides, it is readily generalizable to other landscapes(e.g., forest landscapes), with a wide application prospect.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways are involved in N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA）-mediated excitotoxicity. However, a systematic observation or analysis of the...Previous studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways are involved in N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA）-mediated excitotoxicity. However, a systematic observation or analysis of the role of these various MAPK pathways in excitotoxicity processes does not exist. The present study further evaluated the role and contribution of three MAPK pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK in an NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity model using MAPK^specific inhibitor. Results demonstrated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 and/or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited NMDA-induced reduction in cell viability, as well as reduced NMDA-induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species production. However, PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, did not influence this model. Results demonstrated an involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in cortical neurons.展开更多
Background:Scalp combing,as an ancient method of health care,has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine.Although this method is considered to be beneficial for the blood circulation of the he...Background:Scalp combing,as an ancient method of health care,has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine.Although this method is considered to be beneficial for the blood circulation of the head,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:Both human participants and mice were used in this study.In participants,the scalp was stimulated by combing continuously for 5 min,and the temperature was measured using infrared thermal imaging before and after stimulation.In mice,the temperature was determined before and at 5,15,and 30 min after a 5-min scalp mechanical stimulation(SMS).Additionally,the vasculature of the mice was labeled with retro-orbital fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection,and the capillaries were observed directly under a confocal microscope.Using in vivo CLARITY imaging and the spectrofluorometric detection of Evans Blue dye extravasation,the bloodebrain barrier permeability was assessed.Results:SMS increased the temperature of the left ear significantly in human(P=.0247)while can slightly increase the temperature of the right ear and the face without significant difference(P>.05).Moreover,SMS can significantly slow the decrease in the temperature of the external auditory canal at 5 min(P=.0153)and in body temperature at 15 min(P=.0295)after SMS whereas no significant difference in body temperature at 30 min(P>.05)compared with control mice.Furthermore,capillaries of the ear with a diameter of less than 8 mm were significantly dilated(P=.0006)following SMS and the number of dextran dots was higher at 15 min(P>.05)and 30 min(F=10.98,P=.037)after SMS intervention compared with control mice.Conclusion:Our study provides strong evidence to support the notion that scalp combing can improve extra-and intracranial blood circulation under healthy conditions.展开更多
Objective: To study the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with oncogene expression and cell proliferation activity in breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer lesions and benign breast lesions surgic...Objective: To study the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with oncogene expression and cell proliferation activity in breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer lesions and benign breast lesions surgically removed in Zigong Third People's Hospital between May 2014 and February 2017 were selected, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was done before operation to draw the time-intensity curve and calculate the area under the curve (AUC), and the expression of proliferation molecules and tumor suppressor genes were detected after operation. Results:The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter AUC of the breast cancer lesion was greatly higher than that of the benign breast lesion;ECT2, ZKSCAN3, USP39 and EphA2 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions were obviously higher than those in benign breast lesions whereas HPK1, TCEAL17, CCN5, ATG2B and ATG4D mRNA expression were greatly lower than those in benign breast lesions;ECT2, ZKSCAN3, USP39 and EphA2 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions with high AUC were greatly higher than those in breast cancer lesions with low AUC whereas HPK1, TCEAL17, CCN5, ATG2B and ATG4D mRNA expression were greatly lower than those in breast cancer lesions with low AUC. Conclusion: The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter AUC of breast cancer lesion significantly increases and is closely related to the higher expression of pro-proliferation molecules and the lower expression of tumor suppressor genes.展开更多
Studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites can enter the central nervous system via the blood-spinal cord barrier and cause neuroinflammation, thus constituting secondary injury after spinal cord injury. To in...Studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites can enter the central nervous system via the blood-spinal cord barrier and cause neuroinflammation, thus constituting secondary injury after spinal cord injury. To investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites and the possible mechanism underlying the effects of gut microbiota on secondary injury after spinal cord injury, in this study, we established mouse models of T8–T10 traumatic spinal cord injury. We used 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in fecal samples from the mouse model. Results showed a severe gut microbiota disturbance after spinal cord injury, which included marked increases in pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Shigella, Bacteroides, Rikenella, Staphylococcus, and Mucispirillum and decreases in anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Sutterella. Meanwhile, we identified 27 metabolites that decreased and 320 metabolites that increased in the injured spinal cord. Combined with pathway enrichment analysis, five markedly differential amino acids(L-leucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine and L-valine) were screened out, which play a pivotal role in activating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury. Integrated correlation analysis indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was related to the differences in amino acids, which suggests that disturbances in gut microbiota might participate in the secondary injury through the accumulation of partial metabolites that activate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Findings from this study provide a new theoretical basis for improving the secondary injury after spinal cord injury through fecal microbial transplantation.展开更多
Those various cross-sectional vessels in trees transfer water to as high as 100 meters,but the traditional fabrication methods limit the manufacturing of those vessels,resulting in the non-availability of those bionic...Those various cross-sectional vessels in trees transfer water to as high as 100 meters,but the traditional fabrication methods limit the manufacturing of those vessels,resulting in the non-availability of those bionic microchannels.Herein,we fabricate those bionic microchannels with various cross-sections by employing projection micro-stereolithography(PμSL)based 3D printing technique.The circumradius of bionic microchannels(pentagonal,square,triangle,and five-pointed star)can be as small as 100μm with precisely fabricated sharp corners.What's more,those bionic microchannels demonstrate marvelous microfluidic performance with strong precursor effects enabled by their sharp corners.Most significantly,those special properties of our bionic microchannels enable them outstanding step lifting performance to transport water to tens of millimeters,though the water can only be transported to at most 20 mm for a single bionic microchannel.The mimicked transpiration based on the step lifting of water from bionic microchannels is also achieved.Those precisely fabricated,low-cost,various cross-sectional bionic microchannels promise applications as microfluidic chips,long-distance unpowered water transportation,step lifting,mimicked transpiration,and so on.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism and related active components of Yishen Daluo decoction(YSDLD)in treating multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods:Targets of YSDLD were collected through the TCMSP,Chemistry,and TCMID databas...Objective:To explore the mechanism and related active components of Yishen Daluo decoction(YSDLD)in treating multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods:Targets of YSDLD were collected through the TCMSP,Chemistry,and TCMID databases.The MS targets were collected through OMIM,DrugBank,Gencards,TTD,and Pharmgkb databases.We built“componentetarget”network diagrams and proteineprotein interaction(PPI)diagrams and performed topological analysis.The targets were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking verification was conducted on selected targets and molecules.Finally,in vitro experiments were con-ducted.BV2 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide for model establishment.CCK8 experiment was conducted to explore the effect of YSDLD and RT-qPCR technology was used to explore the expression of key targets.Results:There were 184 active components in YSDLD and 898 targets of its action.There were 940 MS targets,and 215 targets were shared by YSDLD and MS.According to the“componentetarget”diagram,the top five key components included quercetin,kaempferol,beta-sitosterol,stigmasterol,and nar-ingenin.IL-6,IL-1 b,TNF-α,AKT1,and VEGFA were the important targets identified by PPI network to-pology analysis.A total of 564 functions were identified by GO enrichment analysis(P<0.01),mainly involving inflammatory response,hypoxia response,plasma membrane,neuronal cell body,protein phosphatase binding,and cytokine activity.KEGG enrichment analysis enriched 98 pathways(P<.01).YSDLD at the concentration of 20 m g/mL had no effect on BV2 cells.RT-qPCR indicated that YSDLD at the concentrations of 15 m g/mL and 20 m g/mL alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury and lowered the content of inflammatory factors(P<0.05).Conclusion:In this paper,the network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to explore the potential mechanism of YSDLD in treating MS.The research provides a good basis for the development of YSDLD and drugs for MS in future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(numbers:81774416 and 81473764)。
文摘Background: Blocking the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2(Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase Ⅱ/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood–brain barrier(BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. Methods: Scalp acupuncture(SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin,” and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. Results: We found that ROCK Ⅱ acts as a promoter of the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the preintervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK Ⅱ, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. Conclusion: This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell–related proteins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274359)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2022A1515110406)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2212035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-TP-19005C1Z and 00007718)the Aeroengine Group University Research Cooperation Project,China(No.HFZL2021CXY021)the State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,China(Nos.2021Z-03 and 2022Z-14).
文摘Hot deformation of sintered billets by powder metallurgy(PM)is an effective preparation technique for titanium alloys,which is more significant for high-alloying alloys.In this study,Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–Mo–V(TA15)titanium alloy plates were prepared by cold press-ing sintering combined with high-temperature hot rolling.The microstructure and mechanical properties under different process paramet-ers were investigated.Optical microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and others were applied to characterize the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties strengthening mechanism.The results showed that the chemical compositions were uniformly dif-fused without segregation during sintering,and the closing of the matrix craters was accelerated by increasing the sintering temperature.The block was hot rolled at 1200℃ with an 80%reduction under only two passes without annealing.The strength and elongation of the plate at 20–25℃ after solution and aging were 1247 MPa and 14.0%,respectively,which were increased by 24.5%and 40.0%,respect-ively,compared with the as-sintered alloy at 1300℃.The microstructure was significantly refined by continuous dynamic recrystalliza-tion,which was completed by the rotation and dislocation absorption of the substructure surrounded by low-angle grain boundaries.After hot rolling combined with heat treatment,the strength and plasticity of PM-TA15 were significantly improved,which resulted from the dense,uniform,and fine recrystallization structure and the synergistic effect of multiple slip systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51927804 and 12174306)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2023-JC-JQ-02)。
文摘Efficient cell migration is crucial for the functioning of biological processes, e.g., morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. In this study, we monitor the migratory behavior of the 3D fibroblast clusters using live cell microscopy,and find that crowded environment affects cell migration, i.e., crowding leads to directional migration at the cluster’s periphery. The number of cell layers being stacked during seeding determines the directional-to-random transition. Intriguingly,the migratory behavior of cell clusters resembles the dispersion dynamics of clouds of passive particles, indicating that the biological process is driven by physical effects(e.g., entropy) rather than cell communication. Our findings highlight the role of intrinsic physical characteristics, such as crowding, in regulating biological behavior, and suggest new therapeutic approaches targeting at cancer metastasis.
基金supported by the Project of the Higher Education Department of the Ministry of Education“Research on the Guidelines,Standards and Specifications for the Construction of Online Open Courses,and Innovation in Teaching and Service Models”(2021)“Exploration and Application of Teaching Mode Based on MOOC in Higher Education”(2020)+1 种基金2020 Shandong Province Undergraduate Teaching Reform Major Sub-project“Research on the Construction of Emerging Engineering Education”(No.T2020011)Harbin Institute of Technology 2022 Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project“Internet of Things Teaching Research and Practice Guided by the Ability to Solve Complex Computing System Problems”(No.IDOA10002164)。
文摘The rapid development of new-generation information technology has triggered the evolution of education and teaching towards digitalization,accelerating the digital transformation of higher education and bringing an important opportunity for the high-quality development of higher education.Firstly,we give an overview of the digital development of higher education and discuss how information technology is reshaping the teaching and learning of higher education.Secondly,we explain the consensus on the digital development of higher education,and focus on summarizing the digital achievements of higher education in China and analyzing the successful experience through the introduction of the digital development trend of higher education in the world.Finally,we point out the current problems and challenges and make a preliminary discussion.Digital empowerment has arrived,and in the era of digitization,the transformation and development of higher education will lead to systemic changes in universities.This is an inevitable stage in the process of higher education development.Digital transformation will drive higher education to be more competitive,inclusive,and accessible,enabling universities to unleash their digital vitality in various service functions and contribute to the construction of a digital China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52006056)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090923003)The project was also partly supported by Natural Research Institute for Family Planning as well。
文摘Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past three decades,significant progress in materials science,microfabrication,and various applications has boosted the development of promising functional microfluidic devices.In this review,the recent progress on novel microfluidic devices with various functions and applications is presented.First,the theory and numerical methods for studying the performance of microfluidic devices are briefly introduced.Then,materials and fabrication methods of functional microfluidic devices are summarized.Next,the recent significant advances in applications of microfluidic devices are highlighted,including heat sinks,clean water production,chemical reactions,sensors,biomedicine,capillaric circuits,wearable electronic devices,and microrobotics.Finally,perspectives on the challenges and future developments of functional microfluidic devices are presented.This review aims to inspire researchers from various fields engineering,materials,chemistry,mathematics,physics,and more—to collaborate and drive forward the development and applications of functional microfluidic devices,specifically for achieving carbon neutrality.
基金National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(NCRC2020013)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2020-I2M-C&T-B-049)。
文摘Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with poor prognosis,even after revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),likely due to coronary endothelial cell dysfunction and injury.^([1,2])Endothelin-1 (ET-1),a peptide that serves as a vasoconstrictor of smooth muscle cell proliferation,can reflect endothelial cell functional states.Due to low circulation levels and short plasma half-life time,measuring plasma ET-1 levels is difficult.In contrast,big ET-1.
基金supported by 2016 Shandong province undergraduate universities teaching reform research project:Exploration and practice of teaching reform and innovation mode of higher education based on MOOC (No.B2016Z018),Research and application of blended teaching mode based on MOOC+SPOCs+ flipped classroom(No.B2016Z020)teaching research project of 2016 Postgraduate Education Innovation Project in Shandong Province:Study on multidimensional education quality evaluation system for professional degree graduate students (SDYZ1603),research project of higher computer education:"Study of Staged Practice Education and Innovation Ability Development"(ER2016009),the Chinese National Supervisory Committee for the Education of Master of Engineering under Grant(No.2016-ZDn-6),Shandong Provincial Department of Education under Grant(No.SDYY14003) and teaching research project of Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai (BK201602) as well
文摘Based on "MOOC + SPOC + Flipped Classroom", a particular blending teaching pattern adapting to MOOC teaching is proposed to strengthen software engineering students' abilities to study themselves and practice innovatively. Firstly, the process of MOOC development in China is introduced. The distinguishing feature and effect of MOOC teaching are analyzed, followed by the comparison with traditional class. The online Plus offline blending teaching pattern is the combination of online self-study on MOOC before class, seminar study of flipped classroom in class and the summary after class. With the demonstration of a typical case, a progressive strategy is given to implement blending teaching. Finally, the blending teaching pattern is assessed from multiple perspectives, of which both advantages and disadvantages are dissected. Through primary exploration, introducing online study and flipped classroom, blending teaching plays a positive role in software engineering teaching, which means traditional teaching pattern is changed. Meanwhile, students' innovative consciousness and practical ability are inspired. Nevertheless, new problems arise, so that intensive practice and improvement are necessary.
基金higher education department of the Ministry of Education“Exploration and application and promotion of the teaching model of higher education based on MOOC”research and practice project2016 Shandong province undergraduate universities teaching reform research project:Exploration and practice of teaching reform and innovation mode of higher education based on MOOC(No.B2016Z018),Research and application of blended teaching mode based on MOOC+SPOCs+flipped classroom(No.B2016Z020)
文摘Since 2012, the MOOCs, the massive open online courses, have brought big influences on the higher education in the world. How to use MOOCs to help universities rather than bother them to improve their education level and quality becomes an important issue. In China, many universities have explored the new modes and approaches for MOOC/SPOC-based teaching and learning. Especially, the China MOOC Association on Computing Education(CMOOC association), established in 2014, has done a set of successful practice and achieved fruitful experiences on MOOC courses development and computer education reform. Based on the practical experiences, a MOOC/SPOC based "1+M+N" multi-university collaborative teaching and learning mode is presented, which is adapted to the real situation of Chinese university education. In the paper, the practices and experiences of CMOOC association are introduced, the MOOC/SPOC based "1+M+N" multi-university collaborative teaching and learning mode and its approaches are described. Finally, the suggestions for MOOCs development and applications are also presented.
基金Supported by Bethune-Lumitin Young and Middle-Aged Ophthalmic Research Fund(No.BJ-LM2015009L).
文摘AIM:To compare the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)and triamcinolone acetonide(IVTA)for macular edema(ME)secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).METHODS:A prospective,randomized clinical study.Patients with ME secondary to BRVO were randomly assigned to either IVC group or IVTA group at a ratio of 2:1 and a 12-month follow-up was performed.The efficacy outcome measures included the mean changes and differences in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the central retinal thickness(CRT).The safety profiles and the mean retreatment intervals were also compared.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference of baseline between the two groups(IVC group,n=36;IVTA group,n=17).At 12mof the BCVA letters improved by 27.31±18.36 in the IVC group,and 13.53±11.37 in the IVTA group(P=0.0004).CRT reduction was 253.33±163.69 and 150.24±134.32 pm,respectively(P=0.0034).The mean BCVA in the IVC group was superior to that of the IVTA group for months 6-12(P<0.01).The mean CRT at 9 and 12mo were thinner in the IVC group compared to the IVTA group(P<0.01).The mean retreatment interval in the IVC group was longer than that in the IVTA group(97.40±36.27d vs 68.71±36.38d,P=0.0030).One eye in the IVC group and seven eyes in the IVTA group developed elevated intraocular pressure(IOP;P=0.0012).The proportion of eyes with cataract new-onset or progression were 19.44%in the IVC group and 64.71%in the IVTA group(P=0.0012).CONCLUSION:IVC could maintain or improve BCVA and reduce CRT for a longer time and have longer retreatment interval than IVTA.In addition,patients treated with IVTA are more susceptible to IOP elevation and cataract progression.
文摘BACKGROUND： Physiological convulsive thresholds degrade when the brain is in some pathologic states; thus, a level of stimulus that cannot provoke a convulsion may evoke a seizure or epileptic seizure. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological, and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Research Institute of Epilepsy of Shanxi Medical University; Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Research Institute of Function of Shanxi Medical University. MATERIALS： Thirty-six female Wistar rats were selected for this study. The rats were obtained from the experimental animal center of Shanxi Medical University. All laboratory procedures complied with animal ethical standards. The animals were randomly divided into three groups： a strong current group, a weak current group and a control group, with 12 rats in each group. An automatic determinator of seizure threshold was made at Shanxi Medical University and Taiyuan University of Technology. Two bipolar stainless steel stimulating electrodes and an electrode connector （diameter 1.2 ram） were made at Taiyuan University of Technology. METHODS： This study was performed in the laboratory of Research Institute of the Epilepsy of Shanxi Medical University between December 2005 and August 2006. The threshold of localized seizures was measured by performing direct cortical stimulation in rats under anesthesia. After 1 week of post-operative recovery, electric stimulation was started with three different kinds of stimulation. Seizure activity was induced by a ramp-shaped single train of biphasic pulses （50 Hz, total pulse duration of 2 ms, increasing from 0 to 2 000μ A in 15 seconds）. The threshold of localized seizures （TLS） has been defined as the minimum current intensity necessary to provoke convulsion of the forelimbs and/or facial muscles. Up to the TLS, if stimulation continued, the current intensity necessary to provoke the generalized seizures is called the threshold of generalized seizures （TGS）. If stimulation is continued for about 2 seconds when the TGS is reached, rats still showed generalized clonic activity after stimulation ceased. When seizures stopped, a short period of immobility can be observed. The current intensity is called the threshold of prolonged seizures （TPS）. The rats in the strong current group were stimulated up to the current level required to reach the TPS. In the course of stimulation, first, the TLS was recorded, then the TGS, and finally the TPS. The stimulation interval in one session was 10 minutes, repeated twice daily. The rats in the weak current group were only stimulated up to the current levels required to reach the TGS; first, the TLS was recorded and then the TGS was measured at the same time as the strong current group. Control animals were also equipped with a full electrode set and placed in the same conditions, but no stimulation took place, only electroencephalogram （EEG） recording at the same times as the experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Stimulation of the two experimental groups lasted for 11 weeks and then observation of their behavior and electroencephalogram recording continued for 4 weeks. The control group was also observed over a total of 15 weeks. ② Observing neuronal damage/loss in the hippocampus with a light microscope using a 250x visual field. RESULTS： All 36 Wistar rats were included in the final analysis. At the beginning of the experiment, the convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA, although there were significant individual variations among rats of the same group. Those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation. The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level in the 10^th week after commencement of stimulation. There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulations lasted longer; the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than at the beginning of the trial （P 〈 0.01）. An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3^rd week in the strong current group, and in the 8th week in the weak current group; these discharges were concomitant with neuronal damage and loss in the hippocampus. There was no abnormality observed in the control group. CONCLUSION： These findings indicated that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages： a physiological convulsive threshold and a pathological convulsive threshold （epileptic threshold） The epileptic threshold is created by pathologically acquired factors, which give rise to brain damage. The increase in the intensity of these pathologically acquired factors led to aggravation of damage.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28070503)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1500100)+2 种基金the Open Fund of State Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University (20R04)Land Observation Satellite Supporting Platform of National Civil Space Infrastructure Project(CASPLOS-CCSI)a PhD studentship ‘‘Deep Learning in massive area,multi-scale resolution remotely sensed imagery”(EAA7369),sponsored by Lancaster University and Ordnance Survey (the national mapping agency of Great Britain)。
文摘Accurate crop distribution mapping is required for crop yield prediction and field management. Due to rapid progress in remote sensing technology, fine spatial resolution(FSR) remotely sensed imagery now offers great opportunities for mapping crop types in great detail. However, within-class variance can hamper attempts to discriminate crop classes at fine resolutions. Multi-temporal FSR remotely sensed imagery provides a means of increasing crop classification from FSR imagery, although current methods do not exploit the available information fully. In this research, a novel Temporal Sequence Object-based Convolutional Neural Network(TS-OCNN) was proposed to classify agricultural crop type from FSR image time-series. An object-based CNN(OCNN) model was adopted in the TS-OCNN to classify images at the object level(i.e., segmented objects or crop parcels), thus, maintaining the precise boundary information of crop parcels. The combination of image time-series was first utilized as the input to the OCNN model to produce an ‘original’ or baseline classification. Then the single-date images were fed automatically into the deep learning model scene-by-scene in order of image acquisition date to increase successively the crop classification accuracy. By doing so, the joint information in the FSR multi-temporal observations and the unique individual information from the single-date images were exploited comprehensively for crop classification. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was investigated using multitemporal SAR and optical imagery, respectively, over two heterogeneous agricultural areas. The experimental results demonstrated that the newly proposed TS-OCNN approach consistently increased crop classification accuracy, and achieved the greatest accuracies(82.68% and 87.40%) in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmark methods, including the object-based CNN(OCNN)(81.63% and85.88%), object-based image analysis(OBIA)(78.21% and 84.83%), and standard pixel-wise CNN(79.18%and 82.90%). The proposed approach is the first known attempt to explore simultaneously the joint information from image time-series with the unique information from single-date images for crop classification using a deep learning framework. The TS-OCNN, therefore, represents a new approach for agricultural landscape classification from multi-temporal FSR imagery. Besides, it is readily generalizable to other landscapes(e.g., forest landscapes), with a wide application prospect.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technical Innovation Fund of Shanxi Medical University,No.01200802Shanxi Province Foundation for Returnees,No.2007-43
文摘Previous studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways are involved in N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA）-mediated excitotoxicity. However, a systematic observation or analysis of the role of these various MAPK pathways in excitotoxicity processes does not exist. The present study further evaluated the role and contribution of three MAPK pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK in an NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity model using MAPK^specific inhibitor. Results demonstrated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 and/or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited NMDA-induced reduction in cell viability, as well as reduced NMDA-induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species production. However, PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, did not influence this model. Results demonstrated an involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in cortical neurons.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81904049 and 81973690)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM-2018-QNRC2-C06).
文摘Background:Scalp combing,as an ancient method of health care,has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine.Although this method is considered to be beneficial for the blood circulation of the head,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:Both human participants and mice were used in this study.In participants,the scalp was stimulated by combing continuously for 5 min,and the temperature was measured using infrared thermal imaging before and after stimulation.In mice,the temperature was determined before and at 5,15,and 30 min after a 5-min scalp mechanical stimulation(SMS).Additionally,the vasculature of the mice was labeled with retro-orbital fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection,and the capillaries were observed directly under a confocal microscope.Using in vivo CLARITY imaging and the spectrofluorometric detection of Evans Blue dye extravasation,the bloodebrain barrier permeability was assessed.Results:SMS increased the temperature of the left ear significantly in human(P=.0247)while can slightly increase the temperature of the right ear and the face without significant difference(P>.05).Moreover,SMS can significantly slow the decrease in the temperature of the external auditory canal at 5 min(P=.0153)and in body temperature at 15 min(P=.0295)after SMS whereas no significant difference in body temperature at 30 min(P>.05)compared with control mice.Furthermore,capillaries of the ear with a diameter of less than 8 mm were significantly dilated(P=.0006)following SMS and the number of dextran dots was higher at 15 min(P>.05)and 30 min(F=10.98,P=.037)after SMS intervention compared with control mice.Conclusion:Our study provides strong evidence to support the notion that scalp combing can improve extra-and intracranial blood circulation under healthy conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973690 and 81904049)Experimental Technology Standardization Research Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2021-SYJS-001).
文摘Objective: To study the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with oncogene expression and cell proliferation activity in breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer lesions and benign breast lesions surgically removed in Zigong Third People's Hospital between May 2014 and February 2017 were selected, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was done before operation to draw the time-intensity curve and calculate the area under the curve (AUC), and the expression of proliferation molecules and tumor suppressor genes were detected after operation. Results:The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter AUC of the breast cancer lesion was greatly higher than that of the benign breast lesion;ECT2, ZKSCAN3, USP39 and EphA2 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions were obviously higher than those in benign breast lesions whereas HPK1, TCEAL17, CCN5, ATG2B and ATG4D mRNA expression were greatly lower than those in benign breast lesions;ECT2, ZKSCAN3, USP39 and EphA2 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions with high AUC were greatly higher than those in breast cancer lesions with low AUC whereas HPK1, TCEAL17, CCN5, ATG2B and ATG4D mRNA expression were greatly lower than those in breast cancer lesions with low AUC. Conclusion: The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter AUC of breast cancer lesion significantly increases and is closely related to the higher expression of pro-proliferation molecules and the lower expression of tumor suppressor genes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922004,51874037)State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,China(Nos.2019Z-14,2020Z-04,2021Z-03)+7 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-TP-19005C1Z,06500236)Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB,China(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,FRF-IDRY-20-023)Postdoctor Research Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing,China(No.2022BH001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M700377)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2212035)the support from the European Commission via the H2020 MSCA RISE BAMOS program(No.734156)Innovate UK via Newton Fund(No.102872)Engineering and Physical Science Research Council(EPSRC)via DTP case programme(No.EP/T517793/1)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 81771346, 82071383the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Key Project),No. ZR2020KH007+3 种基金the Taishan Scholar Youth Program of Shandong Province,No. tsqn201812156Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University,Nos. 2019QL025, 2019RC021Spring Industry Leader Talent Support Plan,No. 201984Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Fund,No. 2019SDRX-23 (all to BN)。
文摘Studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites can enter the central nervous system via the blood-spinal cord barrier and cause neuroinflammation, thus constituting secondary injury after spinal cord injury. To investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites and the possible mechanism underlying the effects of gut microbiota on secondary injury after spinal cord injury, in this study, we established mouse models of T8–T10 traumatic spinal cord injury. We used 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in fecal samples from the mouse model. Results showed a severe gut microbiota disturbance after spinal cord injury, which included marked increases in pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Shigella, Bacteroides, Rikenella, Staphylococcus, and Mucispirillum and decreases in anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Sutterella. Meanwhile, we identified 27 metabolites that decreased and 320 metabolites that increased in the injured spinal cord. Combined with pathway enrichment analysis, five markedly differential amino acids(L-leucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine and L-valine) were screened out, which play a pivotal role in activating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury. Integrated correlation analysis indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was related to the differences in amino acids, which suggests that disturbances in gut microbiota might participate in the secondary injury through the accumulation of partial metabolites that activate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Findings from this study provide a new theoretical basis for improving the secondary injury after spinal cord injury through fecal microbial transplantation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52006056)the Experiments for Space Exploration Program and the Qian Xuesen Laboratory,China Academy of Space Technology(TKTSPY-2020-01-04)+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090923003)partly supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan through Grant No.2020JJ3012Natural Research Institute for Family Planning。
文摘Those various cross-sectional vessels in trees transfer water to as high as 100 meters,but the traditional fabrication methods limit the manufacturing of those vessels,resulting in the non-availability of those bionic microchannels.Herein,we fabricate those bionic microchannels with various cross-sections by employing projection micro-stereolithography(PμSL)based 3D printing technique.The circumradius of bionic microchannels(pentagonal,square,triangle,and five-pointed star)can be as small as 100μm with precisely fabricated sharp corners.What's more,those bionic microchannels demonstrate marvelous microfluidic performance with strong precursor effects enabled by their sharp corners.Most significantly,those special properties of our bionic microchannels enable them outstanding step lifting performance to transport water to tens of millimeters,though the water can only be transported to at most 20 mm for a single bionic microchannel.The mimicked transpiration based on the step lifting of water from bionic microchannels is also achieved.Those precisely fabricated,low-cost,various cross-sectional bionic microchannels promise applications as microfluidic chips,long-distance unpowered water transportation,step lifting,mimicked transpiration,and so on.
基金This work was supported by the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chi-nese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-C-202006).
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism and related active components of Yishen Daluo decoction(YSDLD)in treating multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods:Targets of YSDLD were collected through the TCMSP,Chemistry,and TCMID databases.The MS targets were collected through OMIM,DrugBank,Gencards,TTD,and Pharmgkb databases.We built“componentetarget”network diagrams and proteineprotein interaction(PPI)diagrams and performed topological analysis.The targets were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking verification was conducted on selected targets and molecules.Finally,in vitro experiments were con-ducted.BV2 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide for model establishment.CCK8 experiment was conducted to explore the effect of YSDLD and RT-qPCR technology was used to explore the expression of key targets.Results:There were 184 active components in YSDLD and 898 targets of its action.There were 940 MS targets,and 215 targets were shared by YSDLD and MS.According to the“componentetarget”diagram,the top five key components included quercetin,kaempferol,beta-sitosterol,stigmasterol,and nar-ingenin.IL-6,IL-1 b,TNF-α,AKT1,and VEGFA were the important targets identified by PPI network to-pology analysis.A total of 564 functions were identified by GO enrichment analysis(P<0.01),mainly involving inflammatory response,hypoxia response,plasma membrane,neuronal cell body,protein phosphatase binding,and cytokine activity.KEGG enrichment analysis enriched 98 pathways(P<.01).YSDLD at the concentration of 20 m g/mL had no effect on BV2 cells.RT-qPCR indicated that YSDLD at the concentrations of 15 m g/mL and 20 m g/mL alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury and lowered the content of inflammatory factors(P<0.05).Conclusion:In this paper,the network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to explore the potential mechanism of YSDLD in treating MS.The research provides a good basis for the development of YSDLD and drugs for MS in future.
