In this work the performance of a screening analytical method for Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis in terms of accuracy and precision was evaluated through analysis of rock standard reference mate...In this work the performance of a screening analytical method for Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis in terms of accuracy and precision was evaluated through analysis of rock standard reference materials. The method allowed the division of elements into four groups taking into account the excitation energies and measurement conditions of the sample. Two standard reference materials were used and 15 sample replicates were prepared and analyzed, then statistics were applied to assess the precision and accuracy of analytical results. The obtained results show that major compounds or elements (SiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O, CaO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ti) can be determined in fine powder sample with a deviation lower than 15%, and a relative standard deviation in the range (1 - 10)%. The deviation was found to be lower than 5% for major compounds such as K<sub>2</sub>O, and CaO, which suggest that the EDXRF is accurate in evaluating major elemental concentrations in rock samples. It was also found that the method seems to be more accurate and precise for major elements than for trace element investigation. This screening analytical method can be used for routine analysis with acceptable results, even though the method should be optimized to increase its precision and accuracy.展开更多
Introduction Because of the increasing use of phosphate in industries worldwide,especially in Togo,it is interesting to investigate the potential radioactivity exposure of phosphate ores,especially in the one being ex...Introduction Because of the increasing use of phosphate in industries worldwide,especially in Togo,it is interesting to investigate the potential radioactivity exposure of phosphate ores,especially in the one being exploring in Togo nowadays.Material and methods The contents of natural radionuclides(40K,226Ra,232Th,235U and 238U)were assessed in phosphate soil samples from Kpogamé,Dagbati and Kpéméin the maritime region of Togo by using gamma spectrometry-based Broad Energy Germanium detector(BEGe6530).Since no study was made prior to the exploitation,the samples from the control area of Anfoin-Kpota far away from the three others were considered as reference.Results and discussion The results are discussed and compared with the data from other countries.The activity concentration of 40K,226Ra,232Th,235U and 238U are between(59.45 and 129.99),(20.19 and 779.93),(16.81 and 121.42),(2.26 and 52.03)and(16.66 and 841.14)Bq kg^(−1),respectively.The values obtained shows that the exploitation sites(Dagbati and Kpogamé)and treatment site(Kpémé)have a very high level of radioactivity than the control area(Anfoin-Kpota).The Kpogaméand Dagbati exploitation and Kpéméwaste discharging phosphate deposit sites were found to have higher activity concentration than many others exploited phosphate sedimentary deposits around the world.The average annual effective dose of the above studied sites is 0.36,0.24 and 0.48 mSv year−1,respectively.The value related to the discharge waste site is about 2%of the 1.0 mSv year−1 recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection as the maximum annual dose to the public.Conclusions The obtained result of both radioactivity and radiological level in the studied areas will be considered as a pre-operational baseline to estimate the possible radiological impacts due to mining and processing phosphate industrial activities.展开更多
文摘In this work the performance of a screening analytical method for Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis in terms of accuracy and precision was evaluated through analysis of rock standard reference materials. The method allowed the division of elements into four groups taking into account the excitation energies and measurement conditions of the sample. Two standard reference materials were used and 15 sample replicates were prepared and analyzed, then statistics were applied to assess the precision and accuracy of analytical results. The obtained results show that major compounds or elements (SiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O, CaO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ti) can be determined in fine powder sample with a deviation lower than 15%, and a relative standard deviation in the range (1 - 10)%. The deviation was found to be lower than 5% for major compounds such as K<sub>2</sub>O, and CaO, which suggest that the EDXRF is accurate in evaluating major elemental concentrations in rock samples. It was also found that the method seems to be more accurate and precise for major elements than for trace element investigation. This screening analytical method can be used for routine analysis with acceptable results, even though the method should be optimized to increase its precision and accuracy.
基金The authors wish to express their deep appreciation and gratitude to the IAEA for awarding the fellowship,without which this work would have been impossibleand the Director General of the National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon,Dr.Augustin SIMO for the laboratory support.The authors also appreciate the community of Hahotoé-Kpogaméfor the understanding during sampling period.They also wish to thank Dr.Michel WARNAU,Programme Management Officer for IAEA to Togo for his understanding and availability to this work.We also wish to address special thanks to Col.MANZI Pidalatan,National Liaison Officer of Togo and project coordinator of IAEA TC Project Number:TOG/0/002 provided in granting access to the facilities to successfully complete this study.
文摘Introduction Because of the increasing use of phosphate in industries worldwide,especially in Togo,it is interesting to investigate the potential radioactivity exposure of phosphate ores,especially in the one being exploring in Togo nowadays.Material and methods The contents of natural radionuclides(40K,226Ra,232Th,235U and 238U)were assessed in phosphate soil samples from Kpogamé,Dagbati and Kpéméin the maritime region of Togo by using gamma spectrometry-based Broad Energy Germanium detector(BEGe6530).Since no study was made prior to the exploitation,the samples from the control area of Anfoin-Kpota far away from the three others were considered as reference.Results and discussion The results are discussed and compared with the data from other countries.The activity concentration of 40K,226Ra,232Th,235U and 238U are between(59.45 and 129.99),(20.19 and 779.93),(16.81 and 121.42),(2.26 and 52.03)and(16.66 and 841.14)Bq kg^(−1),respectively.The values obtained shows that the exploitation sites(Dagbati and Kpogamé)and treatment site(Kpémé)have a very high level of radioactivity than the control area(Anfoin-Kpota).The Kpogaméand Dagbati exploitation and Kpéméwaste discharging phosphate deposit sites were found to have higher activity concentration than many others exploited phosphate sedimentary deposits around the world.The average annual effective dose of the above studied sites is 0.36,0.24 and 0.48 mSv year−1,respectively.The value related to the discharge waste site is about 2%of the 1.0 mSv year−1 recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection as the maximum annual dose to the public.Conclusions The obtained result of both radioactivity and radiological level in the studied areas will be considered as a pre-operational baseline to estimate the possible radiological impacts due to mining and processing phosphate industrial activities.
