BACKGROUND The controlling nutritional status(CONUT)score effectively reflects a patient’s nutritional status,which is closely related to cancer prognosis.This study invest-igated the relationship between the CONUT s...BACKGROUND The controlling nutritional status(CONUT)score effectively reflects a patient’s nutritional status,which is closely related to cancer prognosis.This study invest-igated the relationship between the CONUT score and prognosis after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and compared the predictive ability of the CONUT score with other indexes.AIM To analyze the predictive performance of the CONUT score for the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients who underwent potentially curative resection.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 217 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal.The CONUT score was calculated based on the serum albumin level,total lymphocyte count,and total cholesterol level.The cutoff value of the CONUT score for predicting prognosis was 4 according to the Youden Index by the receiver operating characteristic curve.The associations between the CONUT score and the prognosis were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis.RESULTS Using the cutoff value of the CONUT score,patients were stratified into CONUT low(n=189)and CONUT high groups(n=28).The CONUT high group had worse overall survival(OS)(P=0.013)and relapse-free survival(RFS)(P=0.015).The predictive performance of CONUT was superior to the modified Glasgow prognostic score,the prognostic nutritional index,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Meanwhile,the predictive performances of CONUT+tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage for 3-year OS[area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)=0.803]and 3-year RFS(AUC=0.752)were no less than skeletal muscle mass index(SMI)+TNM stage.The CONUT score was negatively correlated with SMI(P<0.01).CONCLUSION As a nutritional indicator,the CONUT score could predict long-term outcomes after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and its predictive ability was superior to other indexes.The correlation between the CONUT score and skeletal muscle may be one of the factors that play a predictive role.展开更多
Single-grit grinding of a 2.5D woven composite was investigated by the finite-element method(FEM) using a unit-cell model. According to our hypotheses, the axis of the warp yarn was a sinusoidal curve and the cross se...Single-grit grinding of a 2.5D woven composite was investigated by the finite-element method(FEM) using a unit-cell model. According to our hypotheses, the axis of the warp yarn was a sinusoidal curve and the cross section of the weft yarn was shaped like a biconvex lens. AVUMAT subroutine was used to construct the constitutive model of the 2.5D woven composite. The grinding process of the composite was analyzed using an FEM simulation with the ABAQUS/Explicit software. A validation experiment was also carried out. The simulation results showed that a grinding crack was well simulated. Furthermore, the junctions between the warp yarn and weft yarn were found to be seriously damaged and cracks were observed to extend outward along the warp fiber during grinding, in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition,the strain of weft yarns was obviously greater than that of warp yarns when the grinding direction was perpendicular to the weft yarns and parallel to the axis of the warp yarns.These results demonstrate that the mesostructure strongly influences the grinding damage inflicted on woven composites.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is g...BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.展开更多
The letter presents an analysis of interference fit of the electric spindle at different rotor speeds due to the influence of centrifugal force and provide<span style="font-family:;" "=""&g...The letter presents an analysis of interference fit of the electric spindle at different rotor speeds due to the influence of centrifugal force and provide<span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> a theoretical formula showing the relationship of the speed, stress on the rotation speed. The letter a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">lso established a finite element model of the interference fit. The study found that as the rotation speed increases, the interference and contact stress between the spindle and the rotor gradually decrease, and the reduced speed is proportional to the square of the rotation speed.</span>展开更多
Objective: Estimating the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer became necessary to establish prevention measures and healthy policies.The aim of this study was to estimate the updated incidence and mortalit...Objective: Estimating the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer became necessary to establish prevention measures and healthy policies.The aim of this study was to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in 2013 in China.Methods: According to the evaluation criteria developed by the National Central Cancer Registry of China,the data submitted from 255 cancer registries met the required standards in 2013.Cervical cancer cases were retrieved from the national database and combined with the 2013 national population data.The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were based on the demographic structure of the national census 2000 and Segi's world population.Results: In 2013,the estimated number of new cases and deaths from cervical cancer were 100,700 and 26,400,respectively.The crude incidence of cervical cancer was 15.17/100,000.The age-standardized incidence rates based on the Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and the world standard population(ASIRW) were 11.30/100,000 and10.30/100,000,respectively.The incidence of cervical cancer in urban areas was 15.62/100,000 and the ASIRC was11.12/100,000.The incidence of cervical cancer in rural areas was 14.65/100,000 and the ASIRC was11.47/100,000.The mortality rate of cervical cancer was 3.98/100,000.The age-standardized mortality rates based on the Chinese(ASMRC) and world standard populations(ASMRW) were 2.76/100,000 and 2.62/100,000,respectively.The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban areas was 3.85/100,000 and in rural areas was4.14/100,000.Cervical cancer incidence and mortality increased with age.Urban areas had a higher incidence of cervical cancer and lower mortality rates when compared with rural areas.Conclusions: Dynamic monitoring of cervical cancer incidence and mortality is the fundamental work of cervical cancer prevention and control.Cervical cancer is a serious issue in women's health,and prevention strategies need to be enhanced,such as human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination and screening programs.展开更多
Objective: This study was designed to explore the time trends in geographical variations of cervical cancer mortality in China's Mainland over the period 1973 to 2013,to provide subnational spatio-temporal pattern...Objective: This study was designed to explore the time trends in geographical variations of cervical cancer mortality in China's Mainland over the period 1973 to 2013,to provide subnational spatio-temporal patterns for targeted promotion of human papillomavirus vaccine in China.Methods: Data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys and cancer registry.The rate ratio(RR) was estimated for the aggregated data for seven geographical regions using generalized linear models to evaluate time trends in geographical disparities of cervical cancer mortality.Results: There was a significant decrease in cervical cancer mortality in China from 1973–1975 to 2004–2005,but leveled off thereafter to 2011–2013.Compared to the period 1973–1975 the RR for the three last time periods were 0.33 [95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.30–0.37] for 1990–1992,0.21(95% CI: 0.19–0.24) for 2004–2005 and 0.24(95% CI: 0.22–0.26) for 2011–2013.Females living in the Northwest China and Central China have a high risk of mortality from cervical cancer compared to the nationwide,with the RR being 2.09(95% CI:1.83–2.38) and 1.26(95% CI: 1.11–1.44) respectively,while the RRs for South China,Northeast China and Southwest China were below 1.00,indicating the lower death risk.Despite the mortality rate had increased slightly from 2004 to 2013,there was an encouraging sign that the geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality had gradually narrowed over time across China.Conclusions: Although cervical cancer mortality in China has reduced to very low levels,the high risk of cervical cancer in Northwest China and Central China is still noteworthy.Public health policies including the promotion of vaccine should be targeted to further reduction of geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality.展开更多
Objective:There is little information about contributions of the well-known risk factors to the liver cancer burden.We conducted a comparative study to estimate the liver cancer burden attributable to major risk facto...Objective:There is little information about contributions of the well-known risk factors to the liver cancer burden.We conducted a comparative study to estimate the liver cancer burden attributable to major risk factors.Methods:Liver cancer deaths for adults were estimated from 978 county-level surveillance points in China in2014.Risk factors were identified from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Cancer Research Fund International.Population attributable fraction(PAF)by age,sex,and province was calculated using multiple formulas.Results:In total,72.4%of liver cancer deaths could be attributable to the studied risk factors.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)was responsible for the largest fraction of liver cancer burden in both genders(PAF=55.6%in males,PAF=46.5%in females).PAFs for liver cancer burden attributable to smoking(15.7%vs.4.8%),and alcohol drinking(10.3%vs.1.6%)were significantly higher in males than in females.The burden of HBV-attributable deaths was the highest in Qinghai province.Conclusions:HBV still contributes to the majority of liver cancer burden than any other risk factors.Targeted preventive measures should be implemented based on the degree of contributions of risk factors to liver cancer deaths.展开更多
The hybrid addition of CNTs was used to improve both the strengths and ductility of SiCp reinforced Mg matrix composites.A novel method was developed to simultaneously disperse SiCp and CNTs in Mg melt.Firstly,new CNT...The hybrid addition of CNTs was used to improve both the strengths and ductility of SiCp reinforced Mg matrix composites.A novel method was developed to simultaneously disperse SiCp and CNTs in Mg melt.Firstly,new CNTs@SiCp hybrid reinforcements were synthesized by CVD.Thus,CNTs were well pre-dispersed on the SiCp surfaces before they were added to Mg melt.Therefore,the following semisolid stirring and ultrasonic vibration dispersed the new hybrid reinforcements well in Mg-6Zn melt.The hybrid composite exhibits some unique features in microstructures.Although the distribution of SiCp was very uniform in the Mg-6Zn matrix,most CNTs distributed along the strips in the state of micro-clusters,in which CNTs were bonded very well with Mg matrix.Most of the CNTs kept their structure integrity during fabrication process.All these factors ensure that the hybrid composite have much higher strength and elongation than the mono SiC/Mg-6Zn composites.The dominant strengthening mechanism is the load transfer effect of CNTs.Apart from grain refinement,the CNTs toughen the composites by impeding the microcrack propagation inside the material.Thus,the hybrid CNTs@SiCp successfully realizes the reinforcing advantage of“1+1>2”.展开更多
Solution-processed colloidal quantum dot solar cells(CQDSCs) is a promising candidate for new generation solar cells.To obtain stable and high performance lead sulfide(PbS)-based CQDSCs,high carrier mobility and low n...Solution-processed colloidal quantum dot solar cells(CQDSCs) is a promising candidate for new generation solar cells.To obtain stable and high performance lead sulfide(PbS)-based CQDSCs,high carrier mobility and low non-radiative recombination center density in the PbS CQDs active layer are required.In order to effectively improve the carrier mobility in PbS CQDs layer of CQDSCs,butylamine(BTA)-modified graphene oxide(BTA@GO) is first utilized in PbS-PbX2(X=I-,Br-) CQDs ink to deposit the active layer of CQDSCs through one-step spin-coating method.Such surface treatment of GO dramatically upholds the intrinsic superior hole transfer peculiarity of GO and attenuates the hydrophilicity of GO in order to allow for its good dispersibility in ink solvent.The introduction of B TA@GO in CQDs layer can build up a bulk nano-heterojunction architecture,which provides a smooth charge carrier transport channel in turn improves the carrier mobility and conductivity,extends the carriers lifetime and reduces the trap density of PbS-PbX2 CQDs film.Finally,the BTA@GO/PbS-PbX2 hybrid CQDs film-based relatively large-area(0.35 cm2) CQDSCs shows a champion power conversion efficiency of 11.7% which is increased by 23.1% compared with the control device.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites have some unique properties which are very promising for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, LEDs and lasers. One important and expected application of perovskite halide semiconduc...Lead halide perovskites have some unique properties which are very promising for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, LEDs and lasers. One important and expected application of perovskite halide semiconductors is solar cell operation including hot carriers. This advanced solar cell concept allows overcoming the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit, thereby achieving energy conversion efficiency as high as 66% by extracting hot carriers. Understanding ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics and extraction in lead halide perovskites is crucial for these applications. Here, we clarify the hot carrier cooling and transfer dynamics in all-inorganic cesium lead iodide(CsPbI_3) perovskite using transient absorption spectroscopy and Al_2O_3, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P_3HT) and TiO_2 as selective contacts. We find that slow hot carrier cooling occurs on a timescale longer than 10 ps in the cases of CsPbI_3/Al_2O_3 and CsPbI_3/TiO_2, which is attributed to hot phonon bottleneck for the high photoexcited carrier density. An efficient ultrafast hole transfer from CsPbI_3 to the P_3 HT hole extracting layer is observed. These results suggest that hot holes can be extracted by appropriate selective contacts before energy dissipation into the halide perovskite lattice and that CsPbI_3 has a potential for hot carrier solar cell applications.展开更多
As one of the most compelling photovoltaic devices, halide perovskite (PVK) solar cells have achieved a new surprising record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.8%in 2021 [1]. This demonstrates the great potentia...As one of the most compelling photovoltaic devices, halide perovskite (PVK) solar cells have achieved a new surprising record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.8%in 2021 [1]. This demonstrates the great potential of halide PVK solar cells as a highly competitive substitute to replace silicon-based solar cells in the photovoltaic market [2–6].展开更多
Lead free tin perovskite solar cells(PKSCs)are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells.However,the efficiency and the stability are insufficient,mainly because of the poor ...Lead free tin perovskite solar cells(PKSCs)are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells.However,the efficiency and the stability are insufficient,mainly because of the poor film quality and numerous defects.Here we introduce an efficient strategy based on a simple trimethylsilyl halide surface passivation to increase the film quality and reduce the defect density.At the same time,a hydrophobic protective layer on the perovskite surface is formed,which enhanced the PKSCs’stability.The efficiency of the solar cell after the passivation was enhanced from 10.05%to 12.22%with the improved open-circuit voltage from 0.57 V to 0.70 V.In addition,after 92 days of storage in N_(2) filled glovebox,the modified T-PKSCs demonstrated high stability maintaining 80%of its initial efficiency.This work provides a simple and widely used strategy to optimize the surface/interface optoelectronic properties of perovskites for giving more efficient and stable solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots(PbS CQDs),as a nov-el material for optoelectronic devices,have lately attracted a lot of attention mainly because of their tunable optoelectron-ic characteristics and low-temperatur...Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots(PbS CQDs),as a nov-el material for optoelectronic devices,have lately attracted a lot of attention mainly because of their tunable optoelectron-ic characteristics and low-temperature film preparation.PbS CQDs can harvest infrared(IR)light in single-junction,multi-junction,and tandem solar cells[1−3].Thanks to the combina-tion of surface chemical engineering and device structure en-gineering,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)for PbS CQDs solar cells has increased from less than 1%in 2005 to current 13.8%[4,5].展开更多
The study evaluates and compares the leaf number(LN)of two rice types,Hybrid Indica(HI)and Japonica(J),and their response to three different nitrogen rates.A split plot experiment was conducted in Danyang District,Jia...The study evaluates and compares the leaf number(LN)of two rice types,Hybrid Indica(HI)and Japonica(J),and their response to three different nitrogen rates.A split plot experiment was conducted in Danyang District,Jiangsu Province in China,from 2017 to 2018 both rice growing seasons.It was carried out using the Transplanting machine,and the spacing was 17 cm×30 cm.A split zone design was adopted,with three different levels of nitrogen:N0-0,N1-150 kg hm^(-2) and N2-300 kg hm^(-2).The areas were isolated with a brick wall to ensure that each main area drained separately.Urea appliance:tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=4:3:3,P_(2)O_(5)-150 kg hm^(-2) were used as base fertilizer,Potassium chloride 300 kg hm^(-2):panicle fertilizer=5:5.Nitrogen rates(N)significantly influenced the LN of Hybrid Indica cultivars.The first year N0=15.5,N150=15.7,N300=15.9 and the second year N0=15.9,N150=16.3,N300=16.5 with a significant difference between both years.However,Japonica rice cultivars were not as responsive to N as Hybrid Indica's were.The Japonica LN on N0=16.2,N150=16,N300=16.8,and N0=16.4,N150=16.6,N300=16.5 for 2017 and 2018 respectively,with a significant difference in the first year only at N300.The results revealed that LN varies greatly among varieties,furthermore the nitrogen fertilizer and the year of the experiment played a major role on LN outcome.展开更多
Multi-substituted cyclohexanes play a crucial role as scaffolds in bioactive compounds.While significant progress has been made in synthesizing substituted cyclohexanes,methods for the stereoselective assembly of 1,3-...Multi-substituted cyclohexanes play a crucial role as scaffolds in bioactive compounds.While significant progress has been made in synthesizing substituted cyclohexanes,methods for the stereoselective assembly of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes remain scarce.This study presents a novel approach involving nickel catalysis to achieve stereoselective carboboration of 1,4-cyclohexadiene.This innovative process allows for the simultaneous introduction of a boron group and an aryl or an alkyl fragment into the 1,4-cyclohexadiene framework under mild conditions,with exclusive regioselectivity and excellent cis configuration.The resulting products feature a double carbon bond and the incorporation of the boron group,offering significant potential for subsequent transformations and downstream applications.展开更多
Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are regarded as attractive absorption materials for novel solar cells(SCs).The cost of lead chalcogenide CQD has been decreased to a commercialization target of$5/g due to...Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are regarded as attractive absorption materials for novel solar cells(SCs).The cost of lead chalcogenide CQD has been decreased to a commercialization target of$5/g due to the direct production of CQD inks.However,the photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)of lead chalcogenide CQDSCs is presently close to 14%,well below the commercialization target(20%),which is only 41%of the theoretical Shockley-Queisser limit efficiency.In this study,the different losses of open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)),fill factor(FF),and short circuit current density(J_(sc))for current CQDSCs are systematically discussed,as well as the percentage and likely causes of each loss.Then the primary reasons for the CQDSCs’performance constraints are highlighted.Following that,we focus on the CQDSCs interfaces(i.e.,CQD/CQD,CQD/HTL,and ETL/CQD)and explore viable ways to reduce device performance loss.Finally,based on the discussion above,we propose many enhancements to significantly solve numerous major obstacles impeding device performance to boost the PCE of CQDSCs for future commercialization significantly.展开更多
Given the high abundance of water in the atmosphere,the reaction of Criegee intermediates(CIs)with(H_(2)O)_(2) is considered to be the predominant removal pathway for CIs.However,recent experimental findings reported ...Given the high abundance of water in the atmosphere,the reaction of Criegee intermediates(CIs)with(H_(2)O)_(2) is considered to be the predominant removal pathway for CIs.However,recent experimental findings reported that the reactions of CIs with organic acids and carbonyls are faster than expected.At the same time,the interface behavior between CIs and carbonyls has not been reported so far.Here,the gas-phase and air-water interface behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO were explored by adopting high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics(BOMD)simulations.Quantum chemical calculations evidence that the gas-phase reactions of CIs+HCHO are submerged energy or low energy barriers processes.The rate ratios speculate that the HCHO could be not only a significant tropospheric scavenger of CIs,but also an inhibitor in the oxidizing ability of CIs on SO_(x) in dry and highly polluted areas with abundant HCHO concentration.The reactions of CH_(2)OO with HCHO at the droplet’s surface follow a loop structure mechanism to produce i)SOZ(■),ii)BHMP(HOCH_(2)OOCH_(2)OH),and iii)HMHP(HOCH_(2)OOH).Considering the harsh reaction conditions between CIs and HCHO at the interface(i.e.,the two molecules must be sufficiently close to each other),the hydration of CIs is still their main atmospheric loss pathway.These results could help us get a better interpretation of the underlying CIs-aldehydes chemical processes in the global polluted urban atmospheres.展开更多
基金Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University,2022-LCYJ-PY-17CIMF-CSPEN Project,Z-2017-24-2211Project of Chinese Hospital Reform and Development Institute,Nanjing University and Aid project of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Health,Education&Research Foundation,NDYG2022090。
文摘BACKGROUND The controlling nutritional status(CONUT)score effectively reflects a patient’s nutritional status,which is closely related to cancer prognosis.This study invest-igated the relationship between the CONUT score and prognosis after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and compared the predictive ability of the CONUT score with other indexes.AIM To analyze the predictive performance of the CONUT score for the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients who underwent potentially curative resection.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 217 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal.The CONUT score was calculated based on the serum albumin level,total lymphocyte count,and total cholesterol level.The cutoff value of the CONUT score for predicting prognosis was 4 according to the Youden Index by the receiver operating characteristic curve.The associations between the CONUT score and the prognosis were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis.RESULTS Using the cutoff value of the CONUT score,patients were stratified into CONUT low(n=189)and CONUT high groups(n=28).The CONUT high group had worse overall survival(OS)(P=0.013)and relapse-free survival(RFS)(P=0.015).The predictive performance of CONUT was superior to the modified Glasgow prognostic score,the prognostic nutritional index,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Meanwhile,the predictive performances of CONUT+tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage for 3-year OS[area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)=0.803]and 3-year RFS(AUC=0.752)were no less than skeletal muscle mass index(SMI)+TNM stage.The CONUT score was negatively correlated with SMI(P<0.01).CONCLUSION As a nutritional indicator,the CONUT score could predict long-term outcomes after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and its predictive ability was superior to other indexes.The correlation between the CONUT score and skeletal muscle may be one of the factors that play a predictive role.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51305296)
文摘Single-grit grinding of a 2.5D woven composite was investigated by the finite-element method(FEM) using a unit-cell model. According to our hypotheses, the axis of the warp yarn was a sinusoidal curve and the cross section of the weft yarn was shaped like a biconvex lens. AVUMAT subroutine was used to construct the constitutive model of the 2.5D woven composite. The grinding process of the composite was analyzed using an FEM simulation with the ABAQUS/Explicit software. A validation experiment was also carried out. The simulation results showed that a grinding crack was well simulated. Furthermore, the junctions between the warp yarn and weft yarn were found to be seriously damaged and cracks were observed to extend outward along the warp fiber during grinding, in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition,the strain of weft yarns was obviously greater than that of warp yarns when the grinding direction was perpendicular to the weft yarns and parallel to the axis of the warp yarns.These results demonstrate that the mesostructure strongly influences the grinding damage inflicted on woven composites.
基金Shanxi Soft Science General Program,No.2018041032-2.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.
文摘The letter presents an analysis of interference fit of the electric spindle at different rotor speeds due to the influence of centrifugal force and provide<span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> a theoretical formula showing the relationship of the speed, stress on the rotation speed. The letter a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">lso established a finite element model of the interference fit. The study found that as the rotation speed increases, the interference and contact stress between the spindle and the rotor gradually decrease, and the reduced speed is proportional to the square of the rotation speed.</span>
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(Grant No.2016-12M-2-004)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2014FY121100)
文摘Objective: Estimating the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer became necessary to establish prevention measures and healthy policies.The aim of this study was to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in 2013 in China.Methods: According to the evaluation criteria developed by the National Central Cancer Registry of China,the data submitted from 255 cancer registries met the required standards in 2013.Cervical cancer cases were retrieved from the national database and combined with the 2013 national population data.The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were based on the demographic structure of the national census 2000 and Segi's world population.Results: In 2013,the estimated number of new cases and deaths from cervical cancer were 100,700 and 26,400,respectively.The crude incidence of cervical cancer was 15.17/100,000.The age-standardized incidence rates based on the Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and the world standard population(ASIRW) were 11.30/100,000 and10.30/100,000,respectively.The incidence of cervical cancer in urban areas was 15.62/100,000 and the ASIRC was11.12/100,000.The incidence of cervical cancer in rural areas was 14.65/100,000 and the ASIRC was11.47/100,000.The mortality rate of cervical cancer was 3.98/100,000.The age-standardized mortality rates based on the Chinese(ASMRC) and world standard populations(ASMRW) were 2.76/100,000 and 2.62/100,000,respectively.The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban areas was 3.85/100,000 and in rural areas was4.14/100,000.Cervical cancer incidence and mortality increased with age.Urban areas had a higher incidence of cervical cancer and lower mortality rates when compared with rural areas.Conclusions: Dynamic monitoring of cervical cancer incidence and mortality is the fundamental work of cervical cancer prevention and control.Cervical cancer is a serious issue in women's health,and prevention strategies need to be enhanced,such as human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination and screening programs.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2014FY121100)
文摘Objective: This study was designed to explore the time trends in geographical variations of cervical cancer mortality in China's Mainland over the period 1973 to 2013,to provide subnational spatio-temporal patterns for targeted promotion of human papillomavirus vaccine in China.Methods: Data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys and cancer registry.The rate ratio(RR) was estimated for the aggregated data for seven geographical regions using generalized linear models to evaluate time trends in geographical disparities of cervical cancer mortality.Results: There was a significant decrease in cervical cancer mortality in China from 1973–1975 to 2004–2005,but leveled off thereafter to 2011–2013.Compared to the period 1973–1975 the RR for the three last time periods were 0.33 [95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.30–0.37] for 1990–1992,0.21(95% CI: 0.19–0.24) for 2004–2005 and 0.24(95% CI: 0.22–0.26) for 2011–2013.Females living in the Northwest China and Central China have a high risk of mortality from cervical cancer compared to the nationwide,with the RR being 2.09(95% CI:1.83–2.38) and 1.26(95% CI: 1.11–1.44) respectively,while the RRs for South China,Northeast China and Southwest China were below 1.00,indicating the lower death risk.Despite the mortality rate had increased slightly from 2004 to 2013,there was an encouraging sign that the geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality had gradually narrowed over time across China.Conclusions: Although cervical cancer mortality in China has reduced to very low levels,the high risk of cervical cancer in Northwest China and Central China is still noteworthy.Public health policies including the promotion of vaccine should be targeted to further reduction of geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974492)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019PT320027)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911015)。
文摘Objective:There is little information about contributions of the well-known risk factors to the liver cancer burden.We conducted a comparative study to estimate the liver cancer burden attributable to major risk factors.Methods:Liver cancer deaths for adults were estimated from 978 county-level surveillance points in China in2014.Risk factors were identified from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Cancer Research Fund International.Population attributable fraction(PAF)by age,sex,and province was calculated using multiple formulas.Results:In total,72.4%of liver cancer deaths could be attributable to the studied risk factors.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)was responsible for the largest fraction of liver cancer burden in both genders(PAF=55.6%in males,PAF=46.5%in females).PAFs for liver cancer burden attributable to smoking(15.7%vs.4.8%),and alcohol drinking(10.3%vs.1.6%)were significantly higher in males than in females.The burden of HBV-attributable deaths was the highest in Qinghai province.Conclusions:HBV still contributes to the majority of liver cancer burden than any other risk factors.Targeted preventive measures should be implemented based on the degree of contributions of risk factors to liver cancer deaths.
基金This work was supported by“National Natural Science Foundation of China”(Grant Nos.51871074,51971078 and 51671066)“The Project National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology,Henan University of Science and Technology”(Grant No.201911).
文摘The hybrid addition of CNTs was used to improve both the strengths and ductility of SiCp reinforced Mg matrix composites.A novel method was developed to simultaneously disperse SiCp and CNTs in Mg melt.Firstly,new CNTs@SiCp hybrid reinforcements were synthesized by CVD.Thus,CNTs were well pre-dispersed on the SiCp surfaces before they were added to Mg melt.Therefore,the following semisolid stirring and ultrasonic vibration dispersed the new hybrid reinforcements well in Mg-6Zn melt.The hybrid composite exhibits some unique features in microstructures.Although the distribution of SiCp was very uniform in the Mg-6Zn matrix,most CNTs distributed along the strips in the state of micro-clusters,in which CNTs were bonded very well with Mg matrix.Most of the CNTs kept their structure integrity during fabrication process.All these factors ensure that the hybrid composite have much higher strength and elongation than the mono SiC/Mg-6Zn composites.The dominant strengthening mechanism is the load transfer effect of CNTs.Apart from grain refinement,the CNTs toughen the composites by impeding the microcrack propagation inside the material.Thus,the hybrid CNTs@SiCp successfully realizes the reinforcing advantage of“1+1>2”.
基金supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)CREST programBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(Grant UDC2018031121)+3 种基金the MEXT KAKENHI(Grant 17H02736)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2019JQ-423)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201903053)Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.PECL2019KF019)for financial support.
文摘Solution-processed colloidal quantum dot solar cells(CQDSCs) is a promising candidate for new generation solar cells.To obtain stable and high performance lead sulfide(PbS)-based CQDSCs,high carrier mobility and low non-radiative recombination center density in the PbS CQDs active layer are required.In order to effectively improve the carrier mobility in PbS CQDs layer of CQDSCs,butylamine(BTA)-modified graphene oxide(BTA@GO) is first utilized in PbS-PbX2(X=I-,Br-) CQDs ink to deposit the active layer of CQDSCs through one-step spin-coating method.Such surface treatment of GO dramatically upholds the intrinsic superior hole transfer peculiarity of GO and attenuates the hydrophilicity of GO in order to allow for its good dispersibility in ink solvent.The introduction of B TA@GO in CQDs layer can build up a bulk nano-heterojunction architecture,which provides a smooth charge carrier transport channel in turn improves the carrier mobility and conductivity,extends the carriers lifetime and reduces the trap density of PbS-PbX2 CQDs film.Finally,the BTA@GO/PbS-PbX2 hybrid CQDs film-based relatively large-area(0.35 cm2) CQDSCs shows a champion power conversion efficiency of 11.7% which is increased by 23.1% compared with the control device.
基金supported by the CREST program of Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)supported by KAKENHI from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)under the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B(Grant Number JP16K17947)
文摘Lead halide perovskites have some unique properties which are very promising for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, LEDs and lasers. One important and expected application of perovskite halide semiconductors is solar cell operation including hot carriers. This advanced solar cell concept allows overcoming the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit, thereby achieving energy conversion efficiency as high as 66% by extracting hot carriers. Understanding ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics and extraction in lead halide perovskites is crucial for these applications. Here, we clarify the hot carrier cooling and transfer dynamics in all-inorganic cesium lead iodide(CsPbI_3) perovskite using transient absorption spectroscopy and Al_2O_3, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P_3HT) and TiO_2 as selective contacts. We find that slow hot carrier cooling occurs on a timescale longer than 10 ps in the cases of CsPbI_3/Al_2O_3 and CsPbI_3/TiO_2, which is attributed to hot phonon bottleneck for the high photoexcited carrier density. An efficient ultrafast hole transfer from CsPbI_3 to the P_3 HT hole extracting layer is observed. These results suggest that hot holes can be extracted by appropriate selective contacts before energy dissipation into the halide perovskite lattice and that CsPbI_3 has a potential for hot carrier solar cell applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFE0208500)the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Mirai program (JPMJMI17EA)。
文摘As one of the most compelling photovoltaic devices, halide perovskite (PVK) solar cells have achieved a new surprising record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.8%in 2021 [1]. This demonstrates the great potential of halide PVK solar cells as a highly competitive substitute to replace silicon-based solar cells in the photovoltaic market [2–6].
文摘Lead free tin perovskite solar cells(PKSCs)are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells.However,the efficiency and the stability are insufficient,mainly because of the poor film quality and numerous defects.Here we introduce an efficient strategy based on a simple trimethylsilyl halide surface passivation to increase the film quality and reduce the defect density.At the same time,a hydrophobic protective layer on the perovskite surface is formed,which enhanced the PKSCs’stability.The efficiency of the solar cell after the passivation was enhanced from 10.05%to 12.22%with the improved open-circuit voltage from 0.57 V to 0.70 V.In addition,after 92 days of storage in N_(2) filled glovebox,the modified T-PKSCs demonstrated high stability maintaining 80%of its initial efficiency.This work provides a simple and widely used strategy to optimize the surface/interface optoelectronic properties of perovskites for giving more efficient and stable solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
基金This research was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)Mirai program(JPMJMI17EA),MEXT KAKENHI Grant(26286013,17H02736)L.Ding thanks the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032 and 21961160720)for financial support.
文摘Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots(PbS CQDs),as a nov-el material for optoelectronic devices,have lately attracted a lot of attention mainly because of their tunable optoelectron-ic characteristics and low-temperature film preparation.PbS CQDs can harvest infrared(IR)light in single-junction,multi-junction,and tandem solar cells[1−3].Thanks to the combina-tion of surface chemical engineering and device structure en-gineering,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)for PbS CQDs solar cells has increased from less than 1%in 2005 to current 13.8%[4,5].
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300100,2017YFD0301204,and 2018YFD0300803)Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program(BE2017369).
文摘The study evaluates and compares the leaf number(LN)of two rice types,Hybrid Indica(HI)and Japonica(J),and their response to three different nitrogen rates.A split plot experiment was conducted in Danyang District,Jiangsu Province in China,from 2017 to 2018 both rice growing seasons.It was carried out using the Transplanting machine,and the spacing was 17 cm×30 cm.A split zone design was adopted,with three different levels of nitrogen:N0-0,N1-150 kg hm^(-2) and N2-300 kg hm^(-2).The areas were isolated with a brick wall to ensure that each main area drained separately.Urea appliance:tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=4:3:3,P_(2)O_(5)-150 kg hm^(-2) were used as base fertilizer,Potassium chloride 300 kg hm^(-2):panicle fertilizer=5:5.Nitrogen rates(N)significantly influenced the LN of Hybrid Indica cultivars.The first year N0=15.5,N150=15.7,N300=15.9 and the second year N0=15.9,N150=16.3,N300=16.5 with a significant difference between both years.However,Japonica rice cultivars were not as responsive to N as Hybrid Indica's were.The Japonica LN on N0=16.2,N150=16,N300=16.8,and N0=16.4,N150=16.6,N300=16.5 for 2017 and 2018 respectively,with a significant difference in the first year only at N300.The results revealed that LN varies greatly among varieties,furthermore the nitrogen fertilizer and the year of the experiment played a major role on LN outcome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122107).
文摘Multi-substituted cyclohexanes play a crucial role as scaffolds in bioactive compounds.While significant progress has been made in synthesizing substituted cyclohexanes,methods for the stereoselective assembly of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes remain scarce.This study presents a novel approach involving nickel catalysis to achieve stereoselective carboboration of 1,4-cyclohexadiene.This innovative process allows for the simultaneous introduction of a boron group and an aryl or an alkyl fragment into the 1,4-cyclohexadiene framework under mild conditions,with exclusive regioselectivity and excellent cis configuration.The resulting products feature a double carbon bond and the incorporation of the boron group,offering significant potential for subsequent transformations and downstream applications.
基金supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)Mirai program(JPMJMI17EA)MEXT KAKENHI(Grant Nos.26286013,and 17H02736)。
文摘Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are regarded as attractive absorption materials for novel solar cells(SCs).The cost of lead chalcogenide CQD has been decreased to a commercialization target of$5/g due to the direct production of CQD inks.However,the photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)of lead chalcogenide CQDSCs is presently close to 14%,well below the commercialization target(20%),which is only 41%of the theoretical Shockley-Queisser limit efficiency.In this study,the different losses of open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)),fill factor(FF),and short circuit current density(J_(sc))for current CQDSCs are systematically discussed,as well as the percentage and likely causes of each loss.Then the primary reasons for the CQDSCs’performance constraints are highlighted.Following that,we focus on the CQDSCs interfaces(i.e.,CQD/CQD,CQD/HTL,and ETL/CQD)and explore viable ways to reduce device performance loss.Finally,based on the discussion above,we propose many enhancements to significantly solve numerous major obstacles impeding device performance to boost the PCE of CQDSCs for future commercialization significantly.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:22073059,42107109)the GHfund B(No:20210702)+2 种基金the Key Cultivation Project of Shaanxi University of Technology(No:SLG2101)the Funds of Graduate Innovation of Shaanxi University of Technology(No:SLGYCX2120)the State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinba Areas“City-School Co-Construction”Special Research Project(No:SXC-2110).
文摘Given the high abundance of water in the atmosphere,the reaction of Criegee intermediates(CIs)with(H_(2)O)_(2) is considered to be the predominant removal pathway for CIs.However,recent experimental findings reported that the reactions of CIs with organic acids and carbonyls are faster than expected.At the same time,the interface behavior between CIs and carbonyls has not been reported so far.Here,the gas-phase and air-water interface behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO were explored by adopting high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics(BOMD)simulations.Quantum chemical calculations evidence that the gas-phase reactions of CIs+HCHO are submerged energy or low energy barriers processes.The rate ratios speculate that the HCHO could be not only a significant tropospheric scavenger of CIs,but also an inhibitor in the oxidizing ability of CIs on SO_(x) in dry and highly polluted areas with abundant HCHO concentration.The reactions of CH_(2)OO with HCHO at the droplet’s surface follow a loop structure mechanism to produce i)SOZ(■),ii)BHMP(HOCH_(2)OOCH_(2)OH),and iii)HMHP(HOCH_(2)OOH).Considering the harsh reaction conditions between CIs and HCHO at the interface(i.e.,the two molecules must be sufficiently close to each other),the hydration of CIs is still their main atmospheric loss pathway.These results could help us get a better interpretation of the underlying CIs-aldehydes chemical processes in the global polluted urban atmospheres.
