This study assesses sea ice thickness(SIT)from the historical run of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The SIT reanalysis from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)p...This study assesses sea ice thickness(SIT)from the historical run of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The SIT reanalysis from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)product is chosen as the validation reference data.Results show that most models can adequately reproduce the climatological mean,seasonal cycle,and long-term trend of Arctic Ocean SIT during 1979-2014,but significant inter-model spread exists.Differences in simulated SIT patterns among the CMIP6 models may be related to model resolution and sea ice model components.By comparing the climatological mean and trend for SIT among all models,the Arctic SIT change in different seas during 1979-2014 is evaluated.Under the scenario of historical radiative forcing,the Arctic SIT will probably exponentially decay at-18%(10 yr)-1 and plausibly reach its minimum(equilibrium)of 0.47 m since the 2070s.展开更多
Sea ice,one of the most dominant barriers to Arctic shipping,has decreased dramatically over the past four decades.Arctic maritime transport is hereupon growing in recent years.To produce a long-term assessment of tra...Sea ice,one of the most dominant barriers to Arctic shipping,has decreased dramatically over the past four decades.Arctic maritime transport is hereupon growing in recent years.To produce a long-term assessment of trans-Arctic accessibility,we systematically revisit the daily Arctic navigability with a view to the combined effects of sea ice thickness and concentration throughout the period 1979−2020.The general trends of Navigable Windows(NW)in the Northeast Passage show that the number of navigable days is steadily growing and reached 89±16 days for Open Water(OW)ships and 163±19 days for Polar Class 6(PC6)ships in the 2010s,despite high interannual and interdecadal variability in the NWs.More consecutive NWs have emerged annually for both OW ships and PC6 ships since 2005 because of the faster sea ice retreat.Since the 1980s,the number of simulated Arctic routes has continuously increased,and optimal navigability exists in these years of record-low sea ice extent(e.g.,2012 and 2020).Summertime navigability in the East Siberian and Laptev Seas,on the other hand,varies dramatically due to changing sea ice conditions.This systematic assessment of Arctic navigability provides a reference for better projecting the future trans-Arctic shipping routes.展开更多
加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的概念于1997年由丹麦外科医师Kehlet首次提出,代表围手术期处理措施的理念出现了转变,通过减少患者围手术期的生理以及心理应激反应,加快术后康复,从而有效缩短患者住院时间,减少...加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的概念于1997年由丹麦外科医师Kehlet首次提出,代表围手术期处理措施的理念出现了转变,通过减少患者围手术期的生理以及心理应激反应,加快术后康复,从而有效缩短患者住院时间,减少经济负担。在我国,ERAS的临床实践研究已有十余年,其干预措施在多学科领域迅速开展并得到广泛应用。现有的研究表明ERSA理念的应用可有效加速外科术后患者康复,但在临床实施过程中也遇到了一些局限和困难,如何将ERAS理念更成熟地应用到各个外科,让更多的外科患者受益是我们正面临的机遇和挑战。本综述将回顾我国ERAS干预措施的研究现状及临床应用情况,指出面临着的挑战,并提出其未来发展的措施。展开更多
A class of implicit fuzzy differential inclusions(IFDIs) are introduced and studied.Some existence theorems under different conditions are proved with the selection theorems for the open situation and the closed situa...A class of implicit fuzzy differential inclusions(IFDIs) are introduced and studied.Some existence theorems under different conditions are proved with the selection theorems for the open situation and the closed situation,respectively.A viable solution for a closed IFDI is proved to exist under the tangential condition.As an application,an implicit fuzzy differential equation,which comes from the drilling dynamics in petroleum engineering,is analyzed numerically.The obtained results can improve and extend some known results for fuzzy differential inclusions(FDIs) and fuzzy differential equations(FDEs),which might be helpful in the analysis of fuzzy dynamic systems.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41922044 and 41941009)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0607004 and 2022YFE0106300)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2020B1515020025 and 2019A1515110295)the Norges Forskningsråd(Grant No.328886).
文摘This study assesses sea ice thickness(SIT)from the historical run of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The SIT reanalysis from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)product is chosen as the validation reference data.Results show that most models can adequately reproduce the climatological mean,seasonal cycle,and long-term trend of Arctic Ocean SIT during 1979-2014,but significant inter-model spread exists.Differences in simulated SIT patterns among the CMIP6 models may be related to model resolution and sea ice model components.By comparing the climatological mean and trend for SIT among all models,the Arctic SIT change in different seas during 1979-2014 is evaluated.Under the scenario of historical radiative forcing,the Arctic SIT will probably exponentially decay at-18%(10 yr)-1 and plausibly reach its minimum(equilibrium)of 0.47 m since the 2070s.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41922044,41941009)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B1515020025)+1 种基金the fundamental research funds for the Norges Forskningsråd(No.328886)C Min acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council(No.202006380131).
文摘Sea ice,one of the most dominant barriers to Arctic shipping,has decreased dramatically over the past four decades.Arctic maritime transport is hereupon growing in recent years.To produce a long-term assessment of trans-Arctic accessibility,we systematically revisit the daily Arctic navigability with a view to the combined effects of sea ice thickness and concentration throughout the period 1979−2020.The general trends of Navigable Windows(NW)in the Northeast Passage show that the number of navigable days is steadily growing and reached 89±16 days for Open Water(OW)ships and 163±19 days for Polar Class 6(PC6)ships in the 2010s,despite high interannual and interdecadal variability in the NWs.More consecutive NWs have emerged annually for both OW ships and PC6 ships since 2005 because of the faster sea ice retreat.Since the 1980s,the number of simulated Arctic routes has continuously increased,and optimal navigability exists in these years of record-low sea ice extent(e.g.,2012 and 2020).Summertime navigability in the East Siberian and Laptev Seas,on the other hand,varies dramatically due to changing sea ice conditions.This systematic assessment of Arctic navigability provides a reference for better projecting the future trans-Arctic shipping routes.
文摘加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的概念于1997年由丹麦外科医师Kehlet首次提出,代表围手术期处理措施的理念出现了转变,通过减少患者围手术期的生理以及心理应激反应,加快术后康复,从而有效缩短患者住院时间,减少经济负担。在我国,ERAS的临床实践研究已有十余年,其干预措施在多学科领域迅速开展并得到广泛应用。现有的研究表明ERSA理念的应用可有效加速外科术后患者康复,但在临床实施过程中也遇到了一些局限和困难,如何将ERAS理念更成熟地应用到各个外科,让更多的外科患者受益是我们正面临的机遇和挑战。本综述将回顾我国ERAS干预措施的研究现状及临床应用情况,指出面临着的挑战,并提出其未来发展的措施。
基金Project supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.51125019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11171237)the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(No.11ZA024)
文摘A class of implicit fuzzy differential inclusions(IFDIs) are introduced and studied.Some existence theorems under different conditions are proved with the selection theorems for the open situation and the closed situation,respectively.A viable solution for a closed IFDI is proved to exist under the tangential condition.As an application,an implicit fuzzy differential equation,which comes from the drilling dynamics in petroleum engineering,is analyzed numerically.The obtained results can improve and extend some known results for fuzzy differential inclusions(FDIs) and fuzzy differential equations(FDEs),which might be helpful in the analysis of fuzzy dynamic systems.
