Glutamate excitotoxicity has been shown to play an important role in glaucoma, and glutamate can induce ferroptosis. The p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway inhibitor SB202190 has a potential ability to ...Glutamate excitotoxicity has been shown to play an important role in glaucoma, and glutamate can induce ferroptosis. The p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway inhibitor SB202190 has a potential ability to suppress ferroptosis, and its downstream targets, such as p53, have been shown to be associated with ferroptosis. However, whether ferroptosis also occurs in retinal ganglion cells in response to glutamate excitotoxicity and whether inhibition of ferroptosis reduces the loss of retinal ganglion cells induced by glutamate excitotoxicity remain unclear. This study investigated ferroptosis in a glutamate-induced glaucoma rat model and explored the effects and molecular mechanisms of SB202190 on retinal ganglion cells. A glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model in R28 cells and an N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced glaucoma model in rats were used. In vitro experiments showed that glutamate induced the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxide and morphological changes of mitochondria in R28 cells, and SB202190 inhibited these changes. Glutamate induced the levels of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and SAT1 and decreased the expression levels of ferritin light chain, SLC7A11, and GPX4. SB202190 inhibited the expression of iron death-related proteins induced by glutamate. In vivo experiments showed that SB202190 attenuated N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced damage to rat retinal ganglion cells and improved visual function. These results suggest that SB202190 can inhibit ferroptosis and protect retinal ganglion cells by regulating ferritin light chain, SAT1, and SLC7A11/Gpx4 pathways and may represent a potential retina protectant.展开更多
A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energ...A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate(AP)at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants.The microstructure of Al@Ni-P-Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni-P-Cu shell,with the thickness of~100 nm,is uniformly supported byμAl carrier(fuel unit),which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of~2.3 nm(catalytic unit).The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni-P-Cu(3.5%)could significantly drop to 316.2℃ at high-temperature thermal decomposition,reduced by 124.3℃,in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5℃.It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni-P-Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol.The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni-P-Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni-P/AP(118 ms),decreased by 33.90%.Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions(7597.7 J/g)of Al@Ni-P-Cu,resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion.Moreover,it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer,to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.展开更多
Zinc ion batteries are considered as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low-cost,high-safety,and high theoretical capacity.However,dendrite growth and chemical corrosion occurring on Zn anode ...Zinc ion batteries are considered as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low-cost,high-safety,and high theoretical capacity.However,dendrite growth and chemical corrosion occurring on Zn anode limit their commercialization.These problems can be tackled through the optimization of the electrolyte.However,the screening of electrolyte additives using normal electrochemical methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Herein,a fast and simple method based on the digital holography is developed.It can realize the in situ monitoring of electrode/electrolyte interface and provide direct information concerning ion concentration evolution of the diffusion layer.It is effective and time-saving in estimating the homogeneity of the deposition layer and predicting the tendency of dendrite growth,thus able to value the applicability of electrolyte additives.The feasibility of this method is further validated by the forecast and evaluation of thioacetamide additive.Based on systematic characterization,it is proved that the introduction of thioacetamide can not only regulate the interficial ion flux to induce dendrite-free Zn deposition,but also construct adsorption molecule layers to inhibit side reactions of Zn anode.Being easy to operate,capable of in situ observation,and able to endure harsh conditions,digital holography method will be a promising approach for the interfacial investigation of other battery systems.展开更多
To study non-structural carbohydrate character-istics and nutrient utilization strategies of Pinus yunnanen-sis under continuous drought conditions,2-year-old seed-lings were planted in pots with appropriate water,lig...To study non-structural carbohydrate character-istics and nutrient utilization strategies of Pinus yunnanen-sis under continuous drought conditions,2-year-old seed-lings were planted in pots with appropriate water,light and moderate and severe drought treatments[(80±5),(65±5),(50±5),and(35±5)%of field water-holding capacity].Non-structural carbohydrates,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)concentrations were measured in each plant component.The results show that:(1)With increasing drought,non-structural carbohydrates gradually increased in leaves,stems,and coarse roots,while gradually decreased in fine roots;(2)C concentrations of all were relatively stable under different stress levels.Phosphorous utilization of each component increased under light and moderate drought conditions,while N and P utilization efficiency of each plant component decreased under severe drought.Growth was mainly restricted by N,first decreasing and then increasing with increased drought;(3)There was a correlation between the levels of non-structural carbohydrates and C,N,and P in each component.Changes in N concentration affected the interconversion between soluble sugar and starch,which play a regulatory role in the fluctuation of the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates;and,(4)Plasticity analysis showed that P.yunnanensis seedlings responded to drought mainly by altering starch concentration,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch in leaves and stems,and further by alter-ing N and P utilization efficiencies.Overall,these results suggest that the physiological activities of all organs of P.yunnanensis seedlings are restricted under drought and that trade-offs exist between different physiological indicators and organs.Our findings are helpful in understanding non-structural carbohydrate and nutrient adaptation mechanisms under drought in P.yunnanensis seedlings.展开更多
This paper deals with wave propagation and power coupling in blue-core helicon plasma driven by various antennas and frequencies.It is found that compared to non-blue-core mode,for blue-core mode,the wave can propagat...This paper deals with wave propagation and power coupling in blue-core helicon plasma driven by various antennas and frequencies.It is found that compared to non-blue-core mode,for blue-core mode,the wave can propagate in the core region,and it decays sharply outside the core.The power absorption is lower and steeper in radius for blue-core mode.Regarding the effects of antenna geometry for blue-core mode,it shows that half helix antenna yields the strongest wave field and power absorption,while loop antenna yields the lowest.Moreover,near axis,for antennas with m=+1,the wave field increases with axial distance.In the core region,the wave number approaches to a saturation value at much lower frequency for non-blue-core mode compared to blue-core mode.The total loading resistance is much lower for blue-core mode.These findings are valuable to understanding the physics of blue-core helicon discharge and optimizing the experimental performance of blue-core helicon plasma sources for applications such as space propulsion and material treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis.Resveratrol,a non-flavonoid poly-phenolic compound found in a variety of Chinese medicinal ...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis.Resveratrol,a non-flavonoid poly-phenolic compound found in a variety of Chinese medicinal materials,has shown excellent anti-GC effect.However,its exact mechanisms of action in GC have not been clarified.AIM To identify the effects of resveratrol on GC progression and explore the related molecular mechanisms.METHODS Action targets of resveratrol and GC-related targets were screened from public databases.The overlapping targets between the two were confirmed using a Venn diagram,and a“Resveratrol-Target-GC”network was constructed using Cyto-scape software version 3.9.1.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using STRING database and core targets were identified by PPI network analysis.The Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated A total of 378 resveratrol action targets and 2154 GC disease targets were obtained from public databases,and 181 intersection targets between the two were screened by Venn diagram.The top 20 core targets were identified by PPI network analysis of the overlapping targets.GO function analysis mainly involved protein binding,identical protein binding,cytoplasm,nucleus,negative regulation of apoptotic process and response to xenobiotic stimulus.KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the involved signaling pathways mainly included PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway,etc.FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog(FOS)and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9)were selected by differential expression analysis,and they were closely associated with immune infiltration.Molecular docking results showed that resveratrol docked well with these two targets.Resveratrol treatment arrested the cell cycle at the S phase,induced apoptosis,and weakened viability,migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,resveratrol could exhibit anti-GC effect by regulating FOS and MMP9 expression.CONCLUSION The anti-GC effects of resveratrol are related to the inhibition of cell proliferation,migration,invasion and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting FOS and MMP9.展开更多
With the development of arsenic removal technologies, biological method and sulfide method have been applied in industrial fields, other methods have also been applied in arsenic-containing copper flotation, including...With the development of arsenic removal technologies, biological method and sulfide method have been applied in industrial fields, other methods have also been applied in arsenic-containing copper flotation, including coagulation process, ion exchange method, direct precipitation method and so on. In the paper, a short review on the progress of arsenic removal technologies of copper flotation during the last decade is presented, and the importance and the trend of arsenic removal are discussed. The existing and possible strategies of improving copper recovery in porphyry copper ores and rejection of penalty elements such as Tennantite and Enargite in copper flotation concentrates are also presented.展开更多
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)pose health risks in aquatic environments because of their persistence and mobility.River networks can provide a perfect opportunity for exploring the occurrence and en...Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)pose health risks in aquatic environments because of their persistence and mobility.River networks can provide a perfect opportunity for exploring the occurrence and enrichment of ARGs and antibiotics in freshwater environments.On this basis,the abundances of four types of antibiotics(sulfonamides,quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides)and 13 ARGs(sulⅠ,sulⅡ,tetA,tetB,tetO,tetW,qnrA,qnrS,qnrD,ermB,ermF,ermC,and ere A)were measured in the river networks of the west bank of the Wangyu River in China.The spatial distribution and temporal variation of these antibiotics and ARGs were characterized,and their controlling factors were analyzed.All four types of antibiotics were detected with high frequencies between 41%and 100%.Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest average concentration(286.53 ng/L).The concentrations of quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer,whereas the concentration of sulfonamides was higher in wet periods than in dry periods.Of the 13 ARGs,sulⅠwas the most abundant(1.28 x 10^(5)copies per milliliter),followed by sulⅡand tetO(5.41×10^(4)and 4.45×10^(4)copies per milliliter,respectively).The canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors,including dissolved oxygen,water temperature,total nitrogen,pH,and total phosphorus,had significant effects on the abundance of ARGs.sulⅠ,sulⅡ,tetA,and tetB were significantly correlated with 16S ribosomal RNA sequences,indicating that the bacterioplankton community might affect the distribution of ARGs.The correlation heat map analysis showed that the spread of ARGs was influenced by specific bacterial groups,such as Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria,indicating that these bacterioplankton may be the hosts of environmental ARGs.展开更多
On December 22,2021,the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first main protease inhibitor,i.e.,oral antiviral nirmatrelvir(PF-07321332)/ritonavir(Paxlovid),for the treatment of early severe acute r...On December 22,2021,the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first main protease inhibitor,i.e.,oral antiviral nirmatrelvir(PF-07321332)/ritonavir(Paxlovid),for the treatment of early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Nirmatrelvir inhibits SARSCoV-2 infection,but high doses or long-term treatment may cause embryonic developmental toxicity and changes in host gene expression.The chiral structure of nirmatrelvir plays a key role in its antiviral activity.Ritonavir boosts the efficacy of nirmatrelvir by inactivating cytochrome P4503A4 expression and occupying the plasma protein binding sites.Multidrug resistance protein 1 inhibitors may increase the efficacy of nirmatrelvir.However,Paxlovid has many contraindications.Some patients treated with Paxlovid experience a second round of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)symptoms soon after recovery.Interestingly,the antiviral activity of nirmatrelvir metabolites,such as compounds 12e18,is similar to or higher than that of nirmatrelvir.Herein,we review the advances and challenges in using nirmatrelvir and its derivatives with the aim of providing knowledge for drug developers and physicians in the fight against COVID-19.展开更多
A M_(S)6.8 earthquake occurred on 5th September 2022 in Luding county,Sichuan,China,at 12:52 Beijing Time(4:52 UTC).We complied a dataset of PGA,PGV,and site vS30 of 73 accelerometers and 791 Micro-Electro-Mechanical ...A M_(S)6.8 earthquake occurred on 5th September 2022 in Luding county,Sichuan,China,at 12:52 Beijing Time(4:52 UTC).We complied a dataset of PGA,PGV,and site vS30 of 73 accelerometers and 791 Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS)sensors within 300 km of the epicenter.The inferred v_(S30)of 820 recording sites were validated.The study results show that:(1)The maximum horizontal PGA and PGV reaches 634.1 Gal and 71.1 cm/s respectively.(2)Over 80%of records are from soil sites.(3)The v_(S30)proxy model of Zhou J et al.(2022)is superior than that of Wald and Allen(2007)and performs well in the study area.The dataset was compiled in a flat file that consists the information of strong-motion instruments,the strong-motion records,and the v_(S30)of the recording sites.The dataset is available at https://www.seismisite.net.展开更多
Due to the low content of adsorption-active groups in lignin,its application in the field of adsorption is limited.Herein,we first prepared cationic kraft lignin acrylate,from which a cationic lignin(CKLA)hydrogel was...Due to the low content of adsorption-active groups in lignin,its application in the field of adsorption is limited.Herein,we first prepared cationic kraft lignin acrylate,from which a cationic lignin(CKLA)hydrogel was further prepared by cationic kraft lignin acrylate,acrylamide,and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide.The morphology,compression properties and swelling properties of CKLA hydrogels were investigated.The prepared CKLA hydrogel was applied as an adsorbent for Congo red.The effect of CKLA hydrogel dosages,initial concentration of Congo red,and pH on adsorption efficiency was investigated.The maximum Congo red removal efficiency was obtained at the initial concentration of Congo red of 50 mg/L,pH 7,and 5 mg dosage of CKLA hydrogel with 20%cationic lignin content.After five cycles of adsorption,the adsorption efficiency of the hydrogel for Congo red still reached more than 80%.The CKLA hydrogel showed pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics for Congo red adsorption.These results demonstrate the potential of the CKLA hydrogel as an adsorbent for water treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endothelial activation plays an important role in sepsis-mediated inflammation,but the triggering factors have not been fully elucidated.Microvesicles carrying mitochondrial content(mitoMVs)have been implic...BACKGROUND Endothelial activation plays an important role in sepsis-mediated inflammation,but the triggering factors have not been fully elucidated.Microvesicles carrying mitochondrial content(mitoMVs)have been implicated in several diseases and shown to induce endothelial activation.AIM To explore whether mitoMVs constitute a subset of MVs isolated from plasma of patients with sepsis and contribute to endothelial activation.METHODS MVs were isolated from human plasma and characterized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.Proinflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule(sVCAM)-1 were detected by ELISA.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were stimulated with the circulating MVs to evaluate their effect on endothelial activation.RESULTS MitoMVs were observed in plasma from patients with sepsis.Compared with those in healthy controls,expression of MVs,mitoMVs,proinflammatory cytokines and sVCAM-1 was increased.The number of mitoMVs was positively associated with TNF-αand sVCAM-1.In vitro,compared with MVs isolated from the plasma of healthy controls,MVs isolated from the plasma of patients with sepsis induced expression of OAS2,RSAD2,and CXCL10 in HUVECs.MitoMVs were taken up by HUVECs,and sonication of MVs significantly reduced the uptake of mitoMVs by HUVECs and expression of the above three type I IFNdependent genes.CONCLUSION MitoMVs are increased in the plasma of patients with sepsis,which induces elevated expression of type I IFN-dependent genes.This suggests that circulating mitoMVs activate the type I IFN signalling pathway in endothelial cells and lead to endothelial activation.展开更多
Design of a robust catalyst with high activity but the low cost for the hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of biooils is of great importance to bring the biorefinery concept into reality.In this study,density functional theory(D...Design of a robust catalyst with high activity but the low cost for the hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of biooils is of great importance to bring the biorefinery concept into reality.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculation was adopted to analyze the optimal location of Ni on MoO_(3-x) containing oxygen vacancy,and the corresponding result demonstrated that metallic Ni cluster located at the neighborhood of oxygen vacancies would significantly evoke HDO activity.Enlightened by DFT results,NiMoO_(4) was first hydrothermally synthesized and then employed to fabricate Ni-MoO_(3-x) catalyst via a low-temperature reduction,where Ni escaped from NiMoO_(4) and was reduced to its metallic state.Such an evolution of Ni species also induced the formation of oxygen vacancies around metallic Ni cluster.In the HDO of p-cresol,Ni-MoO_(3-x) exhibited high activity with a complete conversion and a methylcyclohexane selectivity of 99.4% at 150℃.Moreover,the catalyst showed good versatility in catalyzing HDO of diverse lignin-derived oxygenates and lignin oil.2D HSQC NMR,gas chromatograph and elemental analysis of the lignin oil demonstrated the high deoxygenation efficiency and saturation of the benzene ring over Ni-MoO_(3-x).In the upgrading of crude lignin oil,the deoxygenation degree was up to 99%,and the overall carbon yield of the naphthenes was as high as 69.4%.Importantly,the structures and carbon numbers of the naphthene products are similar to jet fuel-range cycloalka nes,which are expected to have a high density that can be blended into jet fuel to raise the range(or payload) of airplanes.This work demonstrates the feasibility for improving the targeted catalytic reactivity by rational tailoring the catalyst structure under the guidance of theoretical analysis,and provides an energy-efficient route for the upgrading of lignin crude oil into valuable naphthenes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81974132,81770927Hunan Provincial Health Commission,No.20220702839+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,No.2022JJ30076National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFA1101202(all to WS)。
文摘Glutamate excitotoxicity has been shown to play an important role in glaucoma, and glutamate can induce ferroptosis. The p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway inhibitor SB202190 has a potential ability to suppress ferroptosis, and its downstream targets, such as p53, have been shown to be associated with ferroptosis. However, whether ferroptosis also occurs in retinal ganglion cells in response to glutamate excitotoxicity and whether inhibition of ferroptosis reduces the loss of retinal ganglion cells induced by glutamate excitotoxicity remain unclear. This study investigated ferroptosis in a glutamate-induced glaucoma rat model and explored the effects and molecular mechanisms of SB202190 on retinal ganglion cells. A glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model in R28 cells and an N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced glaucoma model in rats were used. In vitro experiments showed that glutamate induced the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxide and morphological changes of mitochondria in R28 cells, and SB202190 inhibited these changes. Glutamate induced the levels of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and SAT1 and decreased the expression levels of ferritin light chain, SLC7A11, and GPX4. SB202190 inhibited the expression of iron death-related proteins induced by glutamate. In vivo experiments showed that SB202190 attenuated N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced damage to rat retinal ganglion cells and improved visual function. These results suggest that SB202190 can inhibit ferroptosis and protect retinal ganglion cells by regulating ferritin light chain, SAT1, and SLC7A11/Gpx4 pathways and may represent a potential retina protectant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant Nos.U20B2018,U21B2086,11972087)。
文摘A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate(AP)at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants.The microstructure of Al@Ni-P-Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni-P-Cu shell,with the thickness of~100 nm,is uniformly supported byμAl carrier(fuel unit),which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of~2.3 nm(catalytic unit).The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni-P-Cu(3.5%)could significantly drop to 316.2℃ at high-temperature thermal decomposition,reduced by 124.3℃,in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5℃.It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni-P-Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol.The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni-P-Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni-P/AP(118 ms),decreased by 33.90%.Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions(7597.7 J/g)of Al@Ni-P-Cu,resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion.Moreover,it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer,to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075115)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211352)+2 种基金Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2141201)Natural Science Foundation(No.22KJA430005)of Jiangsu Education Committee of ChinaPostgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Normal University(No.2021XKT0296).
文摘Zinc ion batteries are considered as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low-cost,high-safety,and high theoretical capacity.However,dendrite growth and chemical corrosion occurring on Zn anode limit their commercialization.These problems can be tackled through the optimization of the electrolyte.However,the screening of electrolyte additives using normal electrochemical methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Herein,a fast and simple method based on the digital holography is developed.It can realize the in situ monitoring of electrode/electrolyte interface and provide direct information concerning ion concentration evolution of the diffusion layer.It is effective and time-saving in estimating the homogeneity of the deposition layer and predicting the tendency of dendrite growth,thus able to value the applicability of electrolyte additives.The feasibility of this method is further validated by the forecast and evaluation of thioacetamide additive.Based on systematic characterization,it is proved that the introduction of thioacetamide can not only regulate the interficial ion flux to induce dendrite-free Zn deposition,but also construct adsorption molecule layers to inhibit side reactions of Zn anode.Being easy to operate,capable of in situ observation,and able to endure harsh conditions,digital holography method will be a promising approach for the interfacial investigation of other battery systems.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960306).
文摘To study non-structural carbohydrate character-istics and nutrient utilization strategies of Pinus yunnanen-sis under continuous drought conditions,2-year-old seed-lings were planted in pots with appropriate water,light and moderate and severe drought treatments[(80±5),(65±5),(50±5),and(35±5)%of field water-holding capacity].Non-structural carbohydrates,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)concentrations were measured in each plant component.The results show that:(1)With increasing drought,non-structural carbohydrates gradually increased in leaves,stems,and coarse roots,while gradually decreased in fine roots;(2)C concentrations of all were relatively stable under different stress levels.Phosphorous utilization of each component increased under light and moderate drought conditions,while N and P utilization efficiency of each plant component decreased under severe drought.Growth was mainly restricted by N,first decreasing and then increasing with increased drought;(3)There was a correlation between the levels of non-structural carbohydrates and C,N,and P in each component.Changes in N concentration affected the interconversion between soluble sugar and starch,which play a regulatory role in the fluctuation of the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates;and,(4)Plasticity analysis showed that P.yunnanensis seedlings responded to drought mainly by altering starch concentration,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch in leaves and stems,and further by alter-ing N and P utilization efficiencies.Overall,these results suggest that the physiological activities of all organs of P.yunnanensis seedlings are restricted under drought and that trade-offs exist between different physiological indicators and organs.Our findings are helpful in understanding non-structural carbohydrate and nutrient adaptation mechanisms under drought in P.yunnanensis seedlings.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92271113)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022CDJQY-003)+1 种基金Chongqing Entrepreneurship and Innovation Support Program for Overseas Returnees(Grant No.CX2022004)the Fund from Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine(Grant No.17DZ2280800).
文摘This paper deals with wave propagation and power coupling in blue-core helicon plasma driven by various antennas and frequencies.It is found that compared to non-blue-core mode,for blue-core mode,the wave can propagate in the core region,and it decays sharply outside the core.The power absorption is lower and steeper in radius for blue-core mode.Regarding the effects of antenna geometry for blue-core mode,it shows that half helix antenna yields the strongest wave field and power absorption,while loop antenna yields the lowest.Moreover,near axis,for antennas with m=+1,the wave field increases with axial distance.In the core region,the wave number approaches to a saturation value at much lower frequency for non-blue-core mode compared to blue-core mode.The total loading resistance is much lower for blue-core mode.These findings are valuable to understanding the physics of blue-core helicon discharge and optimizing the experimental performance of blue-core helicon plasma sources for applications such as space propulsion and material treatment.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H2018307071Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Plan Project in Hebei Province,No.2022122Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Program,No.17397763D.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis.Resveratrol,a non-flavonoid poly-phenolic compound found in a variety of Chinese medicinal materials,has shown excellent anti-GC effect.However,its exact mechanisms of action in GC have not been clarified.AIM To identify the effects of resveratrol on GC progression and explore the related molecular mechanisms.METHODS Action targets of resveratrol and GC-related targets were screened from public databases.The overlapping targets between the two were confirmed using a Venn diagram,and a“Resveratrol-Target-GC”network was constructed using Cyto-scape software version 3.9.1.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using STRING database and core targets were identified by PPI network analysis.The Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated A total of 378 resveratrol action targets and 2154 GC disease targets were obtained from public databases,and 181 intersection targets between the two were screened by Venn diagram.The top 20 core targets were identified by PPI network analysis of the overlapping targets.GO function analysis mainly involved protein binding,identical protein binding,cytoplasm,nucleus,negative regulation of apoptotic process and response to xenobiotic stimulus.KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the involved signaling pathways mainly included PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway,etc.FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog(FOS)and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9)were selected by differential expression analysis,and they were closely associated with immune infiltration.Molecular docking results showed that resveratrol docked well with these two targets.Resveratrol treatment arrested the cell cycle at the S phase,induced apoptosis,and weakened viability,migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,resveratrol could exhibit anti-GC effect by regulating FOS and MMP9 expression.CONCLUSION The anti-GC effects of resveratrol are related to the inhibition of cell proliferation,migration,invasion and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting FOS and MMP9.
文摘With the development of arsenic removal technologies, biological method and sulfide method have been applied in industrial fields, other methods have also been applied in arsenic-containing copper flotation, including coagulation process, ion exchange method, direct precipitation method and so on. In the paper, a short review on the progress of arsenic removal technologies of copper flotation during the last decade is presented, and the importance and the trend of arsenic removal are discussed. The existing and possible strategies of improving copper recovery in porphyry copper ores and rejection of penalty elements such as Tennantite and Enargite in copper flotation concentrates are also presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.52022028,92047201,and 92047303)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX07204003).
文摘Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)pose health risks in aquatic environments because of their persistence and mobility.River networks can provide a perfect opportunity for exploring the occurrence and enrichment of ARGs and antibiotics in freshwater environments.On this basis,the abundances of four types of antibiotics(sulfonamides,quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides)and 13 ARGs(sulⅠ,sulⅡ,tetA,tetB,tetO,tetW,qnrA,qnrS,qnrD,ermB,ermF,ermC,and ere A)were measured in the river networks of the west bank of the Wangyu River in China.The spatial distribution and temporal variation of these antibiotics and ARGs were characterized,and their controlling factors were analyzed.All four types of antibiotics were detected with high frequencies between 41%and 100%.Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest average concentration(286.53 ng/L).The concentrations of quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer,whereas the concentration of sulfonamides was higher in wet periods than in dry periods.Of the 13 ARGs,sulⅠwas the most abundant(1.28 x 10^(5)copies per milliliter),followed by sulⅡand tetO(5.41×10^(4)and 4.45×10^(4)copies per milliliter,respectively).The canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors,including dissolved oxygen,water temperature,total nitrogen,pH,and total phosphorus,had significant effects on the abundance of ARGs.sulⅠ,sulⅡ,tetA,and tetB were significantly correlated with 16S ribosomal RNA sequences,indicating that the bacterioplankton community might affect the distribution of ARGs.The correlation heat map analysis showed that the spread of ARGs was influenced by specific bacterial groups,such as Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria,indicating that these bacterioplankton may be the hosts of environmental ARGs.
基金supported by the Qingdao Major Scientific and Technological Project for Distinguished Scholars(Project No.:20170103)the Laoshan Major Scientific and Technological Project for Distinguished Scholars(Project No.:20181030)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Project No.:ZR2020MH369)the Hospital Pharmacy Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.:2022A01)the Science and Technology Planning Project in Zhuhai(Project No.:ZH2202200090HJL).
文摘On December 22,2021,the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first main protease inhibitor,i.e.,oral antiviral nirmatrelvir(PF-07321332)/ritonavir(Paxlovid),for the treatment of early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Nirmatrelvir inhibits SARSCoV-2 infection,but high doses or long-term treatment may cause embryonic developmental toxicity and changes in host gene expression.The chiral structure of nirmatrelvir plays a key role in its antiviral activity.Ritonavir boosts the efficacy of nirmatrelvir by inactivating cytochrome P4503A4 expression and occupying the plasma protein binding sites.Multidrug resistance protein 1 inhibitors may increase the efficacy of nirmatrelvir.However,Paxlovid has many contraindications.Some patients treated with Paxlovid experience a second round of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)symptoms soon after recovery.Interestingly,the antiviral activity of nirmatrelvir metabolites,such as compounds 12e18,is similar to or higher than that of nirmatrelvir.Herein,we review the advances and challenges in using nirmatrelvir and its derivatives with the aim of providing knowledge for drug developers and physicians in the fight against COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42120104002)the Program of China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences.
文摘A M_(S)6.8 earthquake occurred on 5th September 2022 in Luding county,Sichuan,China,at 12:52 Beijing Time(4:52 UTC).We complied a dataset of PGA,PGV,and site vS30 of 73 accelerometers and 791 Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS)sensors within 300 km of the epicenter.The inferred v_(S30)of 820 recording sites were validated.The study results show that:(1)The maximum horizontal PGA and PGV reaches 634.1 Gal and 71.1 cm/s respectively.(2)Over 80%of records are from soil sites.(3)The v_(S30)proxy model of Zhou J et al.(2022)is superior than that of Wald and Allen(2007)and performs well in the study area.The dataset was compiled in a flat file that consists the information of strong-motion instruments,the strong-motion records,and the v_(S30)of the recording sites.The dataset is available at https://www.seismisite.net.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2020MB002).
文摘Due to the low content of adsorption-active groups in lignin,its application in the field of adsorption is limited.Herein,we first prepared cationic kraft lignin acrylate,from which a cationic lignin(CKLA)hydrogel was further prepared by cationic kraft lignin acrylate,acrylamide,and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide.The morphology,compression properties and swelling properties of CKLA hydrogels were investigated.The prepared CKLA hydrogel was applied as an adsorbent for Congo red.The effect of CKLA hydrogel dosages,initial concentration of Congo red,and pH on adsorption efficiency was investigated.The maximum Congo red removal efficiency was obtained at the initial concentration of Congo red of 50 mg/L,pH 7,and 5 mg dosage of CKLA hydrogel with 20%cationic lignin content.After five cycles of adsorption,the adsorption efficiency of the hydrogel for Congo red still reached more than 80%.The CKLA hydrogel showed pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics for Congo red adsorption.These results demonstrate the potential of the CKLA hydrogel as an adsorbent for water treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Endothelial activation plays an important role in sepsis-mediated inflammation,but the triggering factors have not been fully elucidated.Microvesicles carrying mitochondrial content(mitoMVs)have been implicated in several diseases and shown to induce endothelial activation.AIM To explore whether mitoMVs constitute a subset of MVs isolated from plasma of patients with sepsis and contribute to endothelial activation.METHODS MVs were isolated from human plasma and characterized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.Proinflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule(sVCAM)-1 were detected by ELISA.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were stimulated with the circulating MVs to evaluate their effect on endothelial activation.RESULTS MitoMVs were observed in plasma from patients with sepsis.Compared with those in healthy controls,expression of MVs,mitoMVs,proinflammatory cytokines and sVCAM-1 was increased.The number of mitoMVs was positively associated with TNF-αand sVCAM-1.In vitro,compared with MVs isolated from the plasma of healthy controls,MVs isolated from the plasma of patients with sepsis induced expression of OAS2,RSAD2,and CXCL10 in HUVECs.MitoMVs were taken up by HUVECs,and sonication of MVs significantly reduced the uptake of mitoMVs by HUVECs and expression of the above three type I IFNdependent genes.CONCLUSION MitoMVs are increased in the plasma of patients with sepsis,which induces elevated expression of type I IFN-dependent genes.This suggests that circulating mitoMVs activate the type I IFN signalling pathway in endothelial cells and lead to endothelial activation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB3805401, 2019YFC1905300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22178297)+1 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2022JJ40425, 2022JJ40432)the Process Intensification and Green Chemical Engineering Innovation Team of Hunan Province。
文摘Design of a robust catalyst with high activity but the low cost for the hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of biooils is of great importance to bring the biorefinery concept into reality.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculation was adopted to analyze the optimal location of Ni on MoO_(3-x) containing oxygen vacancy,and the corresponding result demonstrated that metallic Ni cluster located at the neighborhood of oxygen vacancies would significantly evoke HDO activity.Enlightened by DFT results,NiMoO_(4) was first hydrothermally synthesized and then employed to fabricate Ni-MoO_(3-x) catalyst via a low-temperature reduction,where Ni escaped from NiMoO_(4) and was reduced to its metallic state.Such an evolution of Ni species also induced the formation of oxygen vacancies around metallic Ni cluster.In the HDO of p-cresol,Ni-MoO_(3-x) exhibited high activity with a complete conversion and a methylcyclohexane selectivity of 99.4% at 150℃.Moreover,the catalyst showed good versatility in catalyzing HDO of diverse lignin-derived oxygenates and lignin oil.2D HSQC NMR,gas chromatograph and elemental analysis of the lignin oil demonstrated the high deoxygenation efficiency and saturation of the benzene ring over Ni-MoO_(3-x).In the upgrading of crude lignin oil,the deoxygenation degree was up to 99%,and the overall carbon yield of the naphthenes was as high as 69.4%.Importantly,the structures and carbon numbers of the naphthene products are similar to jet fuel-range cycloalka nes,which are expected to have a high density that can be blended into jet fuel to raise the range(or payload) of airplanes.This work demonstrates the feasibility for improving the targeted catalytic reactivity by rational tailoring the catalyst structure under the guidance of theoretical analysis,and provides an energy-efficient route for the upgrading of lignin crude oil into valuable naphthenes.
