Lithium(Li)metal electrodes show significantly different reversibility in the electrolytes with different salts.However,the understanding on how the salts impact on the Li loss remains unclear.Herein,using the electro...Lithium(Li)metal electrodes show significantly different reversibility in the electrolytes with different salts.However,the understanding on how the salts impact on the Li loss remains unclear.Herein,using the electrolytes with different salts(e.g.,lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF_(6)),lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate(LiDFOB),and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide(LiFSI))as examples,we decouple the irreversible Li loss(SEI Li^(+)and“dead”Li)during cycling.It is found that the accumulation of both SEI Li^(+)and“dead”Li may be responsible to the irreversible Li loss for the Li metal in the electrolyte with LiPF_(6)salt.While for the electrolytes with LiDFOB and LiFSI salts,the accumulation of“dead”Li predominates the Li loss.We also demonstrate that lithium nitrate and fluoroethylene carbonate additives could,respectively,function as the“dead”Li and SEI Li^(+)inhibitors.Inspired by the above understandings,we propose a universal procedure for the electrolyte design of Li metal batteries(LMBs):(i)decouple and find the main reason for the irreversible Li loss;(ii)add the corresponding electrolyte additive.With such a Li-loss-targeted strategy,the Li reversibility was significantly enhanced in the electrolytes with 1,2-dimethoxyethane,triethyl phosphate,and tetrahydrofuran solvents.Our strategy may broaden the scope of electrolyte design toward practical LMBs.展开更多
To the Editor:The vaccine-related adaptive immune systems,including humoral immunity induced by B cell reaction and cellular immunity induced by T cells,are crucial for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome co...To the Editor:The vaccine-related adaptive immune systems,including humoral immunity induced by B cell reaction and cellular immunity induced by T cells,are crucial for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.[1]Therefore,it is vital to clarify the immune changes caused by inactivated vaccines,which are most commonly used in China,for evaluating the protective effect of vaccines and formulating vaccination plans.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB2400300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021GCRC001).
文摘Lithium(Li)metal electrodes show significantly different reversibility in the electrolytes with different salts.However,the understanding on how the salts impact on the Li loss remains unclear.Herein,using the electrolytes with different salts(e.g.,lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF_(6)),lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate(LiDFOB),and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide(LiFSI))as examples,we decouple the irreversible Li loss(SEI Li^(+)and“dead”Li)during cycling.It is found that the accumulation of both SEI Li^(+)and“dead”Li may be responsible to the irreversible Li loss for the Li metal in the electrolyte with LiPF_(6)salt.While for the electrolytes with LiDFOB and LiFSI salts,the accumulation of“dead”Li predominates the Li loss.We also demonstrate that lithium nitrate and fluoroethylene carbonate additives could,respectively,function as the“dead”Li and SEI Li^(+)inhibitors.Inspired by the above understandings,we propose a universal procedure for the electrolyte design of Li metal batteries(LMBs):(i)decouple and find the main reason for the irreversible Li loss;(ii)add the corresponding electrolyte additive.With such a Li-loss-targeted strategy,the Li reversibility was significantly enhanced in the electrolytes with 1,2-dimethoxyethane,triethyl phosphate,and tetrahydrofuran solvents.Our strategy may broaden the scope of electrolyte design toward practical LMBs.
基金Emergency Scientific Research on Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control of Henan Province(No.221111311500)
文摘To the Editor:The vaccine-related adaptive immune systems,including humoral immunity induced by B cell reaction and cellular immunity induced by T cells,are crucial for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.[1]Therefore,it is vital to clarify the immune changes caused by inactivated vaccines,which are most commonly used in China,for evaluating the protective effect of vaccines and formulating vaccination plans.
