Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vit...Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.展开更多
Background: Urethrocystoscopy is a method of endoscopic exploration that allows direct visualization of the urethra and bladder for diagnosis or treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. Purpose: To determine ...Background: Urethrocystoscopy is a method of endoscopic exploration that allows direct visualization of the urethra and bladder for diagnosis or treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. Purpose: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy and to present the indications and the results of this endoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of all patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy in the Urology and Andrology department of Grand Mbour hospital. The epidemiological data of the patients, the indications, the results of the endoscopic exploration and the additional procedures performed were entered and analyzed with Excel 2016. We performed descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 216 patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy, we counted 179 men (82.87%) and 37 women (17.13%). The sex ratio was 4.84. The mean age of the patients was 53.71 ± 18.76 years (age range 17 to 91 years). The main indications were lower urinary tract disorders (60.18%) and hematuria (28.70%). Endoscopic exploration revealed prostatic tumor in 69 patients (31.9%), 29 cases of bladder tumors (13.4%) and 19 cases of bilharzia cystitis (8.8%). The urethrocystoscopy was normal in 32 patients (14.8%). Conclusion: Urethrostoscopy is an endoscopic exploration examination that can be performed on an outpatient basis. Lower tract urinary disorders and hematuria were the main indications.展开更多
Water contamination by chemical pollutants is increasingly associated with waterborne diseases worldwide. The objective of this study is to assess the chemical health risk associated with drinking water consumption in...Water contamination by chemical pollutants is increasingly associated with waterborne diseases worldwide. The objective of this study is to assess the chemical health risk associated with drinking water consumption in Dakar, Senegal. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the determination of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu and Mn) in human drinking water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, the estimation of the exposure of populations of the study area on the basis of the quantity of water consumed daily and the determination of the hazard quotient which allows estimating the health risk. The results indicate unacceptable levels of Pb and Cd in the water according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, while the concentrations of Fe, Cu and Mn are below the regulatory values. The hazard quotient (HQ) is in the majority of samples higher than 1 in children and infants for scenario 1 (based on WHO data), reflecting a high risk for this target. In scenario 2 based on consumption data from the populations studied, the HQ is greater than 1 only in heavy consumers. The drinking water consumed by Dakar population presents health risks related to Pb and Cd, particularly for infants, children and heavy consumers, hence the need to strengthen the water treatment system before home consumption.展开更多
Introduction: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of spermatic cord in our context. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 4 year...Introduction: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of spermatic cord in our context. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 4 years from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018. Results: We collected 55 cases divided into 26 cases, 44.27% for the Thies Regional Hospital, 21% or 38.18% for the Mbour EPS and 8 cases representing 14.55% for the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital. We found an average age of 20.03 years with extremes of 4 years and 56 years. In 28 patients or 50% of cases, we found no particular pathological history, while in 4 patients or 7.14%, we found a notion of recurrent ipsilateral testicular pain. We recorded 67.27% (n = 37) of the cases received for testicular pain;15 patients or 27.27% presented a large painful pouch. Two patients (3.64%) were received for inguinal swelling and 1 patient (1.82%) presented testicular atrophy. The average consultation time is 16.9 hours with extremes of 2 hours and 96 hours. The torsion was in 59.61% of cases (n = 32) located on the right versus 40.38% (n = 22) on the left. There was no bilateral form. The pick-up time was 3 hours with extremes of 1 h to 24 h. All patients benefited from an exploratory scrotomy. We found a total of 22 patients or 40% of cases with ischemic testis, 8 cases or 14.55% of patients with necrotic testis and 2 cases or 3.64% where the testis was normal. Orchidopexy was performed in 46 patients or 83.63% and orchiectomy in 9 patients. Conclusion: Care is urgent. There is a need for better awareness of the population and the medical staff for the early diagnosis.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and therapeutic aspects of male subfertility in the Region of Thies. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective and analytical study involving patients followed for subfertility ...Objective: To evaluate the clinical and therapeutic aspects of male subfertility in the Region of Thies. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective and analytical study involving patients followed for subfertility over a period of 4 years from January 2013 to November 2017 at the level of 3 health structures in the region of Thies. Results: During the period, we collected 201 patients. The average age was 38 ± 8.4 years with a greater distribution in the age group 30-39 years. Primary subfertility was predominant with 81.1% of cases. The average duration was 5 years. We found a history of urethritis (4%) and orchiepididymitis (2.5%). Thirty-three percent of patients presented a varicocele (67 cases). Cryptorchidism was recorded in 2% of cases, testicular hypotrophy in 18.4% and testicular atrophy in 1.5%. The spermogram identified oligospermia-like abnormalities in 40.8% of cases, azoospermia 22.4%, and hypospermia 4%. For the qualitative abnormalities, we recorded cases of asthenospermia in 60.2% of the cases or 121 patients, a necrospermia 58.2% and a teratospermia 20.4%. A combination of these abnormalities was also reported as astheno-necrospermia in 19.4% of cases, oligo-astheno-necrospermia 14.4%, oligo-asthenotera-necrospermia 10% and oligo astero-teratospermia in 2.5%. An assessment of FSH, LH and testosterone was performed in 5.9% of the cases, or 12 patients. Varicocelectomy was performed in 68.4% of cases 19 patients, and (medically) assisted procreation in 2 patients. We recorded 13 cases of pregnancy. Conclusion: Male hypofertility is a real problem of management, and requires a particular approach.展开更多
Introduction: the roots of Leptadenia hastata, (L hastata) are remedies from the Senegalese pharmacopoeia and are as widely used as the leaves. However, few researchers have devoted themselves to their toxicity, unlik...Introduction: the roots of Leptadenia hastata, (L hastata) are remedies from the Senegalese pharmacopoeia and are as widely used as the leaves. However, few researchers have devoted themselves to their toxicity, unlike the leaves. However, in the traditional pharmacopoeia, the indications for use are very different. The aim of our study was to study the effect of the administration of methanolic extracts of roots of L hastata on renal tissue, using an animal model. Materials and Methods: a cohort of 18 rats was studied with a random distribution of the animals in 3 groups (n = 6). The first group was the control group. The treated groups (Group II and III) received the methanolic extract of L. hastata with an administration of 500 mg / kg / day and 1000 mg / kg / day respectively, for 28 days. Results: The dose of 1000 mg / kg / day was lethal in group III, from the first week in females. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in rats given the root extract. There was kidney damage with vacuolar degeneration starting at 500 mg / kg / day. The lesions were more severe in group III with glomerular involvement characterized by retraction in the renal corpuscles. Conclusion: If the leaves of L hastata seem to be safe for consumption according to the majority of authors in the literature, the roots of this same plant could be harmful. In addition to the lethality observed at the doses tested, the lesions in the renal parenchyma would be dose-dependent.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.
文摘Background: Urethrocystoscopy is a method of endoscopic exploration that allows direct visualization of the urethra and bladder for diagnosis or treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. Purpose: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy and to present the indications and the results of this endoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of all patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy in the Urology and Andrology department of Grand Mbour hospital. The epidemiological data of the patients, the indications, the results of the endoscopic exploration and the additional procedures performed were entered and analyzed with Excel 2016. We performed descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 216 patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy, we counted 179 men (82.87%) and 37 women (17.13%). The sex ratio was 4.84. The mean age of the patients was 53.71 ± 18.76 years (age range 17 to 91 years). The main indications were lower urinary tract disorders (60.18%) and hematuria (28.70%). Endoscopic exploration revealed prostatic tumor in 69 patients (31.9%), 29 cases of bladder tumors (13.4%) and 19 cases of bilharzia cystitis (8.8%). The urethrocystoscopy was normal in 32 patients (14.8%). Conclusion: Urethrostoscopy is an endoscopic exploration examination that can be performed on an outpatient basis. Lower tract urinary disorders and hematuria were the main indications.
文摘Water contamination by chemical pollutants is increasingly associated with waterborne diseases worldwide. The objective of this study is to assess the chemical health risk associated with drinking water consumption in Dakar, Senegal. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the determination of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu and Mn) in human drinking water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, the estimation of the exposure of populations of the study area on the basis of the quantity of water consumed daily and the determination of the hazard quotient which allows estimating the health risk. The results indicate unacceptable levels of Pb and Cd in the water according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, while the concentrations of Fe, Cu and Mn are below the regulatory values. The hazard quotient (HQ) is in the majority of samples higher than 1 in children and infants for scenario 1 (based on WHO data), reflecting a high risk for this target. In scenario 2 based on consumption data from the populations studied, the HQ is greater than 1 only in heavy consumers. The drinking water consumed by Dakar population presents health risks related to Pb and Cd, particularly for infants, children and heavy consumers, hence the need to strengthen the water treatment system before home consumption.
文摘Introduction: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of spermatic cord in our context. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 4 years from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018. Results: We collected 55 cases divided into 26 cases, 44.27% for the Thies Regional Hospital, 21% or 38.18% for the Mbour EPS and 8 cases representing 14.55% for the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital. We found an average age of 20.03 years with extremes of 4 years and 56 years. In 28 patients or 50% of cases, we found no particular pathological history, while in 4 patients or 7.14%, we found a notion of recurrent ipsilateral testicular pain. We recorded 67.27% (n = 37) of the cases received for testicular pain;15 patients or 27.27% presented a large painful pouch. Two patients (3.64%) were received for inguinal swelling and 1 patient (1.82%) presented testicular atrophy. The average consultation time is 16.9 hours with extremes of 2 hours and 96 hours. The torsion was in 59.61% of cases (n = 32) located on the right versus 40.38% (n = 22) on the left. There was no bilateral form. The pick-up time was 3 hours with extremes of 1 h to 24 h. All patients benefited from an exploratory scrotomy. We found a total of 22 patients or 40% of cases with ischemic testis, 8 cases or 14.55% of patients with necrotic testis and 2 cases or 3.64% where the testis was normal. Orchidopexy was performed in 46 patients or 83.63% and orchiectomy in 9 patients. Conclusion: Care is urgent. There is a need for better awareness of the population and the medical staff for the early diagnosis.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the clinical and therapeutic aspects of male subfertility in the Region of Thies. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective and analytical study involving patients followed for subfertility over a period of 4 years from January 2013 to November 2017 at the level of 3 health structures in the region of Thies. Results: During the period, we collected 201 patients. The average age was 38 ± 8.4 years with a greater distribution in the age group 30-39 years. Primary subfertility was predominant with 81.1% of cases. The average duration was 5 years. We found a history of urethritis (4%) and orchiepididymitis (2.5%). Thirty-three percent of patients presented a varicocele (67 cases). Cryptorchidism was recorded in 2% of cases, testicular hypotrophy in 18.4% and testicular atrophy in 1.5%. The spermogram identified oligospermia-like abnormalities in 40.8% of cases, azoospermia 22.4%, and hypospermia 4%. For the qualitative abnormalities, we recorded cases of asthenospermia in 60.2% of the cases or 121 patients, a necrospermia 58.2% and a teratospermia 20.4%. A combination of these abnormalities was also reported as astheno-necrospermia in 19.4% of cases, oligo-astheno-necrospermia 14.4%, oligo-asthenotera-necrospermia 10% and oligo astero-teratospermia in 2.5%. An assessment of FSH, LH and testosterone was performed in 5.9% of the cases, or 12 patients. Varicocelectomy was performed in 68.4% of cases 19 patients, and (medically) assisted procreation in 2 patients. We recorded 13 cases of pregnancy. Conclusion: Male hypofertility is a real problem of management, and requires a particular approach.
文摘Introduction: the roots of Leptadenia hastata, (L hastata) are remedies from the Senegalese pharmacopoeia and are as widely used as the leaves. However, few researchers have devoted themselves to their toxicity, unlike the leaves. However, in the traditional pharmacopoeia, the indications for use are very different. The aim of our study was to study the effect of the administration of methanolic extracts of roots of L hastata on renal tissue, using an animal model. Materials and Methods: a cohort of 18 rats was studied with a random distribution of the animals in 3 groups (n = 6). The first group was the control group. The treated groups (Group II and III) received the methanolic extract of L. hastata with an administration of 500 mg / kg / day and 1000 mg / kg / day respectively, for 28 days. Results: The dose of 1000 mg / kg / day was lethal in group III, from the first week in females. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in rats given the root extract. There was kidney damage with vacuolar degeneration starting at 500 mg / kg / day. The lesions were more severe in group III with glomerular involvement characterized by retraction in the renal corpuscles. Conclusion: If the leaves of L hastata seem to be safe for consumption according to the majority of authors in the literature, the roots of this same plant could be harmful. In addition to the lethality observed at the doses tested, the lesions in the renal parenchyma would be dose-dependent.
