To estimate the impact of crop rotation on the pathotype and genetic structure of Phythophthora sojae in fields, 372 isolates of P. sojae were obtained from long-term localisation experimental fields in Heilongjiang P...To estimate the impact of crop rotation on the pathotype and genetic structure of Phythophthora sojae in fields, 372 isolates of P. sojae were obtained from long-term localisation experimental fields in Heilongjiang Province of China. The hypocotyl inoculation method was used to characterize the virulence of P. sojae on 13 differential cultivars, and the amplified fragment length polymorphism（AFLP） technique was used to analyze difference in the genetic structure of P. sojae. The results indicated that an abundant diversity of genetic structures and pathotypes of P. sojae, a more uniform distribution of pathotypes and less dominance of pathotypes occurred in corn-soybean and wheat-soybean rotation fields than in a continuous soybean mono-cropping field. These findings suggested that P. sojae did not easily become the dominant race in rotation fields, which maintain disease resistance in soybean varieties. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that Phytophthora stem and root rot of soybeans could be effectively controlled by rotating soybeans with non-host crops of corn and wheat.展开更多
【背景】大豆疫霉根腐病作为大豆生产上的一种毁灭性病害已被美国、加拿大等多国报道,其病原菌大豆疫霉(Phtophthora sojae Kaufmann and Gerdemann)为典型的土传病原菌。近年来,土传病原菌与植物根系的互作成为研究土传病原菌寄主选择...【背景】大豆疫霉根腐病作为大豆生产上的一种毁灭性病害已被美国、加拿大等多国报道,其病原菌大豆疫霉(Phtophthora sojae Kaufmann and Gerdemann)为典型的土传病原菌。近年来,土传病原菌与植物根系的互作成为研究土传病原菌寄主选择机制的主要方向。【目的】探究寄主大豆和非寄主菜豆根及根分泌物对大豆疫霉的不同影响,阐明这种影响与大豆疫霉对寄主选择的关系。【方法】应用原位土培法种植大豆疫霉感病品种Sloan、抗病品种Williams82和非寄主菜豆一点红,测定了单个大豆疫霉游动孢子对寄主大豆和非寄主菜豆幼根的侵染行为,收集了寄主及非寄主根分泌物,测定了根分泌物对大豆疫霉游动孢子的趋化作用,包括吸引游动孢子的能力以及对游动孢子成囊、孢囊萌发和芽管生长的影响。【结果】大豆疫霉单个游动孢子对寄主大豆幼根表现强烈趋向性,沿着根面进行多次试探性接触后在根尖伸长区快速成囊并萌发,产生的芽管顶端贴附在幼根表面,在感病大豆品种根面上的芽管比抗病大豆品种上的短且粗,而对非寄主菜豆幼根则不具有趋向性,接触一次后即远离,最终在距离幼根75μm的位置成囊萌发,且芽管生长不具有方向性。此外,大豆疫霉游动孢子对抗病、感病大豆和非寄主菜豆幼根的侵染行为差异完全在根分泌物试验中重现,即寄主大豆根分泌物对大豆疫霉游动孢子具有较强的趋向作用,能够有效吸引游动孢子,促进游动孢子快速成囊及萌发,抑制芽管的伸长,而非寄主菜豆根分泌物不具有上述作用。【结论】大豆疫霉对寄主的选择性与根分泌物有关,为进一步了解大豆疫霉的寄主选择机制提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370449)
文摘To estimate the impact of crop rotation on the pathotype and genetic structure of Phythophthora sojae in fields, 372 isolates of P. sojae were obtained from long-term localisation experimental fields in Heilongjiang Province of China. The hypocotyl inoculation method was used to characterize the virulence of P. sojae on 13 differential cultivars, and the amplified fragment length polymorphism（AFLP） technique was used to analyze difference in the genetic structure of P. sojae. The results indicated that an abundant diversity of genetic structures and pathotypes of P. sojae, a more uniform distribution of pathotypes and less dominance of pathotypes occurred in corn-soybean and wheat-soybean rotation fields than in a continuous soybean mono-cropping field. These findings suggested that P. sojae did not easily become the dominant race in rotation fields, which maintain disease resistance in soybean varieties. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that Phytophthora stem and root rot of soybeans could be effectively controlled by rotating soybeans with non-host crops of corn and wheat.
文摘【背景】大豆疫霉根腐病作为大豆生产上的一种毁灭性病害已被美国、加拿大等多国报道,其病原菌大豆疫霉(Phtophthora sojae Kaufmann and Gerdemann)为典型的土传病原菌。近年来,土传病原菌与植物根系的互作成为研究土传病原菌寄主选择机制的主要方向。【目的】探究寄主大豆和非寄主菜豆根及根分泌物对大豆疫霉的不同影响,阐明这种影响与大豆疫霉对寄主选择的关系。【方法】应用原位土培法种植大豆疫霉感病品种Sloan、抗病品种Williams82和非寄主菜豆一点红,测定了单个大豆疫霉游动孢子对寄主大豆和非寄主菜豆幼根的侵染行为,收集了寄主及非寄主根分泌物,测定了根分泌物对大豆疫霉游动孢子的趋化作用,包括吸引游动孢子的能力以及对游动孢子成囊、孢囊萌发和芽管生长的影响。【结果】大豆疫霉单个游动孢子对寄主大豆幼根表现强烈趋向性,沿着根面进行多次试探性接触后在根尖伸长区快速成囊并萌发,产生的芽管顶端贴附在幼根表面,在感病大豆品种根面上的芽管比抗病大豆品种上的短且粗,而对非寄主菜豆幼根则不具有趋向性,接触一次后即远离,最终在距离幼根75μm的位置成囊萌发,且芽管生长不具有方向性。此外,大豆疫霉游动孢子对抗病、感病大豆和非寄主菜豆幼根的侵染行为差异完全在根分泌物试验中重现,即寄主大豆根分泌物对大豆疫霉游动孢子具有较强的趋向作用,能够有效吸引游动孢子,促进游动孢子快速成囊及萌发,抑制芽管的伸长,而非寄主菜豆根分泌物不具有上述作用。【结论】大豆疫霉对寄主的选择性与根分泌物有关,为进一步了解大豆疫霉的寄主选择机制提供理论依据。
