As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(S...As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(SOTIF)has emerged,presenting significant challenges to the widespread deployment of AVs.SOTIF focuses on issues arising from the functional insufficiencies of the AVs’intended functionality or its implementation,apart from conventional safety considerations.From the systems engineering standpoint,this study offers a comprehensive exploration of the SOTIF landscape by reviewing academic research,practical activities,challenges,and perspectives across the development,verification,validation,and operation phases.Academic research encompasses system-level SOTIF studies and algorithm-related SOTIF issues and solutions.Moreover,it encapsulates practical SOTIF activities undertaken by corporations,government entities,and academic institutions spanning international and Chinese contexts,focusing on the overarching methodologies and practices in different phases.Finally,the paper presents future challenges and outlook pertaining to the development,verification,validation,and operation phases,motivating stakeholders to address the remaining obstacles and challenges.展开更多
Homeodomains,a 60-amino acid sequence encoded by 180 nucleotides,are highly conserved DNA-binding motifs that are present in a variety of transcription factors in species ranging from yeast to humans.The NKX proteins ...Homeodomains,a 60-amino acid sequence encoded by 180 nucleotides,are highly conserved DNA-binding motifs that are present in a variety of transcription factors in species ranging from yeast to humans.The NKX proteins belong to the homeodomain(HD)-containing transcription factor family.They play vital roles in the regulation of morphogenesis.NKX1-2 is one member of the NKX subfamily.At present,information about its nuclear localization signal(NLS)sequence is limited.We studied the NLS sequence of zebrafish Nkx1.2 by introducing sequence changes such as deletion,mutation,and truncation,and identified an NLS motif(QNRRTKWKKQ)that is localized at the C-terminus of the homeodomain.Moreover,the deletion of two amino acid residues(RR)in this NLS motif prevents Nkx1.2 from entering the nucleus,indicating that the two amino acids are essential for Nkx1.2 nuclear localization.However,the NLS motif alone is unable to target cytoplasmic protein glutathione S-transferase(GST)to the nucleus.An intact homeodomain is necessary for mediating the complete nuclear transport of cytoplasmic protein.Unlike most nuclear import proteins with short NLS sequences,a long NLS is present in zebrafish Nkx1.2.We also demonstrated that the sequences of homeodomain of NKX1.2 are well conserved among different species.This study is informative to verify the function of the NKX1.2 protein.展开更多
This paper presents the design,fabrication,and characterization of cantilever-type resonators with a novel stacked structure.Aluminum nitride is adopted as the material for both the structural layer and the piezoelect...This paper presents the design,fabrication,and characterization of cantilever-type resonators with a novel stacked structure.Aluminum nitride is adopted as the material for both the structural layer and the piezoelectric layer;this simplifies the fabrication process and improves the quality factor of the resonator.Both in-plane and out-of-planeflexural modes were investigated.The effect of the structural dimensions and electrode patterns on the resonator’s performance were also studied.Finite-element simulations and experiments examining anchor loss and thermoelastic damping,which are the main loss mechanisms affecting the quality factor of these resonators,were carried out.The optimal structural dimensions and electrode patterns of the cantilever-type resonators are presented.A quality factor of 7922 with a motional impedance of 88.52 kΩand a quality factor of 8851 with a motional impedance of 67.03 kΩwere achieved for the in-plane and out-of-planeflexural-mode resonators,respectively.The proposed resonator design will contribute to the development of high-performance devices such as accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure sensors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and management of bile leakage after open hepatecto...BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and management of bile leakage after open hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer from February 2018 to February 2023.Bile leak was defined as bile drainage from the surgical site or drain or the presence of a biloma on imaging.The incidence,severity,timing,location,and treatment of the bile leaks were recorded.The risk factors for bile leakage were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The incidence of bile leak was 16.7%(20/120),and most cases were grade A(75%,15/20)according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery classification.The median time of onset was 5 d(range,1-14 d),and the median duration was 7 d(range,2-28 d).The most common location of bile leakage was the cut surface of the liver(70%,14/20),followed by the anastomosis site(25%,5/20)and the cystic duct stump(5%,1/20).Most bile leaks were treated conservatively with drainage,antibiotics,and nutritional support(85%,17/20),whereas some required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting(10%,2/20)or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage(5%,1/20).Risk factors for bile leakage include male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion.CONCLUSION Bile leakage is a frequent complication of open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer.However,most cases are mild and can be conservatively managed.Male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion were associated with an increased risk of bile leak.展开更多
Succinonitrile-based plastic crystal electrolytes have emerged for high-energy-density Li metal batteries in terms of their superior ambient ionic conductivity,low flammability,and benign compatibility with high volta...Succinonitrile-based plastic crystal electrolytes have emerged for high-energy-density Li metal batteries in terms of their superior ambient ionic conductivity,low flammability,and benign compatibility with high voltage cathode,but are hampered by inherent instabilities toward Li anodes.Constructing hierarchical solid electrolytes structure is a fundamental approach to protect Li anode from succinonitrile attacks,with succinonitrile-based oxidation-resistance layer facing high voltage cathode and reduction-tolerant layer contacting Li anode.However,free succinonitrile molecules in succinonitrile-based electrolyte layer can diffuse across the electrolyte/electrolyte interface and further reach Li anode surface during the battery cycle.This chemical“crosstalk”cause reduction-tolerant electrolyte layer to fail to protect the Li anode from the attacks of free succinonitrile molecules.Nano Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)is introduced creatively into succinonitrile-based electrolyte layer.By taking advantage of the complexation between La atoms in Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)and N atoms in succinonitrile,the free succinonitrile molecules are successfully immobilized in succinonitrile-based electrolyte layer.The resulting low resistance and highly durable solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interphase endow NCM622||Li batteries with remarkable cycle stability.Our research provides a new idea for the real application of plastic crystal electrolytes in high voltage solid-state lithium metal batteries.展开更多
The quantitative determination of heavy metals in aquatic products is of great importance for food security issues.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used in a variety of foodstuff analysis,but is stil...The quantitative determination of heavy metals in aquatic products is of great importance for food security issues.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used in a variety of foodstuff analysis,but is still limited by its low sensitivity when targeting trace heavy metals.In this work,we compare three sample enrichment methods,namely drying,carbonization,and ashing,for increasing detection sensitivity by LIBS analysis for Pb and Cr in oyster samples.The results demonstrate that carbonization can remove a significant amount of the contributions of organic elements C,H,N and O;meanwhile,the signals of the metallic elements such as Cu,Pb,Sr,Ca,Cr and Mg are enhanced by3–6 times after carbonization,and further enhanced by 5–9 times after ashing.Such enhancement is not only due to the more concentrated metallic elements in the sample compared to the dried ones,but also the unifying of the matter in carbonized and ashed samples from which higher plasma temperature and electron density are observed.This condition favors the detection of trace elements.According to the calibration curves with univariate and multivariate analysis,the ashing method is considered to be the best choice.The limits of detection of the ashing method are 0.52 mg kg-1 for Pb and0.08 mg kg-1 for Cr,which can detect the presence of heavy metals in the oysters exceeding the maximum limits of Pb and Cr required by the Chinese national standard.This method provides a promising application for the heavy metal contamination monitoring in the aquatic product industry.展开更多
Microfluidic phenotyping methods have been of vital importance for cellular characterization,especially for evaluating single cells.In order to study the deformability of a single cell,we devised and tested a tunable ...Microfluidic phenotyping methods have been of vital importance for cellular characterization,especially for evaluating single cells.In order to study the deformability of a single cell,we devised and tested a tunable microfluidic chip-based method.A pneumatic polymer polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)membrane was designed and fabricated abutting a single-cell trapping structure,so the cell could be squeezed controllably in a lateral direction.Cell contour changes under increasing pressure were recorded,enabling the deformation degree of different types of single cell to be analyzed and compared using computer vision.This provides a new perspective for studying mechanical properties of cells at the single cell level.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that the bulk topology of single-particle systems can be captured by the band inversion surface or by the spin inversion surface emerging on the time-averaged spin polarization.Most of the ...Previous studies have shown that the bulk topology of single-particle systems can be captured by the band inversion surface or by the spin inversion surface emerging on the time-averaged spin polarization.Most of the studies,however,are based on the single-particle picture even though the systems are fermionic and multi-bands.Here,we study the slow quench dynamics of topological systems with all the valence bands fully occupied,and show that the concepts of band inversion surface and spin inversion surface are still valid.More importantly,the many-particle nonadiabatic quench dynamics is shown to be reduced to a new and nontrivial three-level Landau-Zener model.This nontrivial three-level Landau-Zener problem is then solved analytically by applying the integrability condition and symmetry considerations,and thus adds a new member to the few models that are exactly solvable.Based on the analytical results,the topological spin texture revealed by the time-averaged spin polarization can be applied to characterize the bulk topology and thus provides a direct comparison for future experiments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China Project(52072215,U1964203,52242213,and 52221005)National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2022YFB2503003)State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility。
文摘As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(SOTIF)has emerged,presenting significant challenges to the widespread deployment of AVs.SOTIF focuses on issues arising from the functional insufficiencies of the AVs’intended functionality or its implementation,apart from conventional safety considerations.From the systems engineering standpoint,this study offers a comprehensive exploration of the SOTIF landscape by reviewing academic research,practical activities,challenges,and perspectives across the development,verification,validation,and operation phases.Academic research encompasses system-level SOTIF studies and algorithm-related SOTIF issues and solutions.Moreover,it encapsulates practical SOTIF activities undertaken by corporations,government entities,and academic institutions spanning international and Chinese contexts,focusing on the overarching methodologies and practices in different phases.Finally,the paper presents future challenges and outlook pertaining to the development,verification,validation,and operation phases,motivating stakeholders to address the remaining obstacles and challenges.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31970429)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR 2022 MC 032)。
文摘Homeodomains,a 60-amino acid sequence encoded by 180 nucleotides,are highly conserved DNA-binding motifs that are present in a variety of transcription factors in species ranging from yeast to humans.The NKX proteins belong to the homeodomain(HD)-containing transcription factor family.They play vital roles in the regulation of morphogenesis.NKX1-2 is one member of the NKX subfamily.At present,information about its nuclear localization signal(NLS)sequence is limited.We studied the NLS sequence of zebrafish Nkx1.2 by introducing sequence changes such as deletion,mutation,and truncation,and identified an NLS motif(QNRRTKWKKQ)that is localized at the C-terminus of the homeodomain.Moreover,the deletion of two amino acid residues(RR)in this NLS motif prevents Nkx1.2 from entering the nucleus,indicating that the two amino acids are essential for Nkx1.2 nuclear localization.However,the NLS motif alone is unable to target cytoplasmic protein glutathione S-transferase(GST)to the nucleus.An intact homeodomain is necessary for mediating the complete nuclear transport of cytoplasmic protein.Unlike most nuclear import proteins with short NLS sequences,a long NLS is present in zebrafish Nkx1.2.We also demonstrated that the sequences of homeodomain of NKX1.2 are well conserved among different species.This study is informative to verify the function of the NKX1.2 protein.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB2008800)in part by the Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University.
文摘This paper presents the design,fabrication,and characterization of cantilever-type resonators with a novel stacked structure.Aluminum nitride is adopted as the material for both the structural layer and the piezoelectric layer;this simplifies the fabrication process and improves the quality factor of the resonator.Both in-plane and out-of-planeflexural modes were investigated.The effect of the structural dimensions and electrode patterns on the resonator’s performance were also studied.Finite-element simulations and experiments examining anchor loss and thermoelastic damping,which are the main loss mechanisms affecting the quality factor of these resonators,were carried out.The optimal structural dimensions and electrode patterns of the cantilever-type resonators are presented.A quality factor of 7922 with a motional impedance of 88.52 kΩand a quality factor of 8851 with a motional impedance of 67.03 kΩwere achieved for the in-plane and out-of-planeflexural-mode resonators,respectively.The proposed resonator design will contribute to the development of high-performance devices such as accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure sensors.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and management of bile leakage after open hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer from February 2018 to February 2023.Bile leak was defined as bile drainage from the surgical site or drain or the presence of a biloma on imaging.The incidence,severity,timing,location,and treatment of the bile leaks were recorded.The risk factors for bile leakage were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The incidence of bile leak was 16.7%(20/120),and most cases were grade A(75%,15/20)according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery classification.The median time of onset was 5 d(range,1-14 d),and the median duration was 7 d(range,2-28 d).The most common location of bile leakage was the cut surface of the liver(70%,14/20),followed by the anastomosis site(25%,5/20)and the cystic duct stump(5%,1/20).Most bile leaks were treated conservatively with drainage,antibiotics,and nutritional support(85%,17/20),whereas some required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting(10%,2/20)or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage(5%,1/20).Risk factors for bile leakage include male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion.CONCLUSION Bile leakage is a frequent complication of open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer.However,most cases are mild and can be conservatively managed.Male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion were associated with an increased risk of bile leak.
基金supported by R&D Program of Power Batteries with Low Temperature and High Energy,Science and Technology Bureau of Changchun(19SS013)Key Subject Construction of Physical Chemistry of Northeast Normal University+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412020FZ007,2412020FZ008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102020).
文摘Succinonitrile-based plastic crystal electrolytes have emerged for high-energy-density Li metal batteries in terms of their superior ambient ionic conductivity,low flammability,and benign compatibility with high voltage cathode,but are hampered by inherent instabilities toward Li anodes.Constructing hierarchical solid electrolytes structure is a fundamental approach to protect Li anode from succinonitrile attacks,with succinonitrile-based oxidation-resistance layer facing high voltage cathode and reduction-tolerant layer contacting Li anode.However,free succinonitrile molecules in succinonitrile-based electrolyte layer can diffuse across the electrolyte/electrolyte interface and further reach Li anode surface during the battery cycle.This chemical“crosstalk”cause reduction-tolerant electrolyte layer to fail to protect the Li anode from the attacks of free succinonitrile molecules.Nano Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)is introduced creatively into succinonitrile-based electrolyte layer.By taking advantage of the complexation between La atoms in Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)and N atoms in succinonitrile,the free succinonitrile molecules are successfully immobilized in succinonitrile-based electrolyte layer.The resulting low resistance and highly durable solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interphase endow NCM622||Li batteries with remarkable cycle stability.Our research provides a new idea for the real application of plastic crystal electrolytes in high voltage solid-state lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12174359and 61975190)Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(No.2019GHZ010)。
文摘The quantitative determination of heavy metals in aquatic products is of great importance for food security issues.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used in a variety of foodstuff analysis,but is still limited by its low sensitivity when targeting trace heavy metals.In this work,we compare three sample enrichment methods,namely drying,carbonization,and ashing,for increasing detection sensitivity by LIBS analysis for Pb and Cr in oyster samples.The results demonstrate that carbonization can remove a significant amount of the contributions of organic elements C,H,N and O;meanwhile,the signals of the metallic elements such as Cu,Pb,Sr,Ca,Cr and Mg are enhanced by3–6 times after carbonization,and further enhanced by 5–9 times after ashing.Such enhancement is not only due to the more concentrated metallic elements in the sample compared to the dried ones,but also the unifying of the matter in carbonized and ashed samples from which higher plasma temperature and electron density are observed.This condition favors the detection of trace elements.According to the calibration curves with univariate and multivariate analysis,the ashing method is considered to be the best choice.The limits of detection of the ashing method are 0.52 mg kg-1 for Pb and0.08 mg kg-1 for Cr,which can detect the presence of heavy metals in the oysters exceeding the maximum limits of Pb and Cr required by the Chinese national standard.This method provides a promising application for the heavy metal contamination monitoring in the aquatic product industry.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFE0118700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.62174119)+1 种基金the 111 Project(B07014)the Foundation for Talent Scientists of Nanchang Institute for Micro-technology of Tianjin University.
文摘Microfluidic phenotyping methods have been of vital importance for cellular characterization,especially for evaluating single cells.In order to study the deformability of a single cell,we devised and tested a tunable microfluidic chip-based method.A pneumatic polymer polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)membrane was designed and fabricated abutting a single-cell trapping structure,so the cell could be squeezed controllably in a lateral direction.Cell contour changes under increasing pressure were recorded,enabling the deformation degree of different types of single cell to be analyzed and compared using computer vision.This provides a new perspective for studying mechanical properties of cells at the single cell level.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11905054,12275075 and 12105094)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Previous studies have shown that the bulk topology of single-particle systems can be captured by the band inversion surface or by the spin inversion surface emerging on the time-averaged spin polarization.Most of the studies,however,are based on the single-particle picture even though the systems are fermionic and multi-bands.Here,we study the slow quench dynamics of topological systems with all the valence bands fully occupied,and show that the concepts of band inversion surface and spin inversion surface are still valid.More importantly,the many-particle nonadiabatic quench dynamics is shown to be reduced to a new and nontrivial three-level Landau-Zener model.This nontrivial three-level Landau-Zener problem is then solved analytically by applying the integrability condition and symmetry considerations,and thus adds a new member to the few models that are exactly solvable.Based on the analytical results,the topological spin texture revealed by the time-averaged spin polarization can be applied to characterize the bulk topology and thus provides a direct comparison for future experiments.
