This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protec...This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.展开更多
【目的】针对我国制种玉米氮素吸收与累积规律不明确的问题,研究制种玉米生物量累积、产量形成和氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应,旨在为制种玉米高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大面积制种的品种组合为试验材料,于2019-2020年开展...【目的】针对我国制种玉米氮素吸收与累积规律不明确的问题,研究制种玉米生物量累积、产量形成和氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应,旨在为制种玉米高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大面积制种的品种组合为试验材料,于2019-2020年开展田间定位试验。采用完全随机区组设计,共设置4个供氮水平,分别为只施底肥对照(CK)、168 kg N·hm^(-2)、240 kg N·hm^(-2)和320 kg N·hm^(-2),研究不同供氮水平对制种玉米父母本生物量、杂交种产量和氮素吸收累积的影响。【结果】制种玉米父母本生物量累积随供氮水平的提高而提高,产量随供氮水平的提高先增加后保持稳定,N240处理同时实现了较高的产量、氮肥利用率和籽粒氮浓度,两年结果较为一致。N168处理在试验第2年达到较高产量,但氮浓度低于N240处理。母本秸秆及父本整株氮浓度均为高氮处理高于低氮处理;灌浆期母本实现最大生物量的临界氮浓度为15.08 g·kg-1,收获期母本生物量与氮浓度呈线性相关。各追施氮肥处理的花后生物量两年间均大于花前,且随供氮水平的提高而提高,花后氮吸收比例随供氮水平的变化规律与生物量一致。N320处理与N240处理的产量水平、生物量累积和氮吸收均无显著差异。综合考虑产量与制种玉米品质时,N240可作为该区域制种玉米生产的推荐施氮量。【结论】优化施氮通过调控制种玉米父母本花前花后氮吸收比例实现增产增效。本研究揭示了优化施氮量稳定花前氮吸收,保障花后氮供应是制种玉米高产高效的关键,为制种玉米绿色生产提供了理论依据。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3007900)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106204)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation)(No.BK20220082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271271)the Major Science&Technology Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.SKS-2022025).
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.
文摘【目的】针对我国制种玉米氮素吸收与累积规律不明确的问题,研究制种玉米生物量累积、产量形成和氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应,旨在为制种玉米高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大面积制种的品种组合为试验材料,于2019-2020年开展田间定位试验。采用完全随机区组设计,共设置4个供氮水平,分别为只施底肥对照(CK)、168 kg N·hm^(-2)、240 kg N·hm^(-2)和320 kg N·hm^(-2),研究不同供氮水平对制种玉米父母本生物量、杂交种产量和氮素吸收累积的影响。【结果】制种玉米父母本生物量累积随供氮水平的提高而提高,产量随供氮水平的提高先增加后保持稳定,N240处理同时实现了较高的产量、氮肥利用率和籽粒氮浓度,两年结果较为一致。N168处理在试验第2年达到较高产量,但氮浓度低于N240处理。母本秸秆及父本整株氮浓度均为高氮处理高于低氮处理;灌浆期母本实现最大生物量的临界氮浓度为15.08 g·kg-1,收获期母本生物量与氮浓度呈线性相关。各追施氮肥处理的花后生物量两年间均大于花前,且随供氮水平的提高而提高,花后氮吸收比例随供氮水平的变化规律与生物量一致。N320处理与N240处理的产量水平、生物量累积和氮吸收均无显著差异。综合考虑产量与制种玉米品质时,N240可作为该区域制种玉米生产的推荐施氮量。【结论】优化施氮通过调控制种玉米父母本花前花后氮吸收比例实现增产增效。本研究揭示了优化施氮量稳定花前氮吸收,保障花后氮供应是制种玉米高产高效的关键,为制种玉米绿色生产提供了理论依据。
