目的对我国护士人文关怀干预措施的实施效果进行系统评价,为提升护士人文关怀能力提供理论依据。方法检索Web of Science、知网、维普等数据库从建库至2022年9月的文献,经过去重、筛选、质量评价,分析讨论研究中的干预措施及其实施效果...目的对我国护士人文关怀干预措施的实施效果进行系统评价,为提升护士人文关怀能力提供理论依据。方法检索Web of Science、知网、维普等数据库从建库至2022年9月的文献,经过去重、筛选、质量评价,分析讨论研究中的干预措施及其实施效果。结果最终纳入11篇文献,人文关怀干预可提高护士关怀能力、关怀品质、共情能力及患者关怀感知度、满意度。结论人文关怀干预对护士人文关怀能力的提升具有促进作用,有必要在借鉴现有干预措施的基础上,积极开展护士人文关怀培训,实现护士人文关怀水平的整体提升。展开更多
Thermo-responsive random copolymers,poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)(P(EO_(2)-co-EO_(4/5)))and poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylen...Thermo-responsive random copolymers,poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)(P(EO_(2)-co-EO_(4/5)))and poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol methacrylate(P(EO2-co-EG4/5))are synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP).The successful synthesis and the narrow polydispersity index(PDI)of two copolymers are indicated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR)and gel permeation chromatography(GPC)analyses.The transition behaviors of polymers in the aqueous solution are demonstrated by changes in turbidity and particle sizes.The transition behavior of P(EO2-co-EG4/5)is found to be milder than that of P(EO2-co-EO4/5).Moreover,the presence of hydrogen bonds without thermo-responsive properties established by hydroxyl groups in the end-side chain of P(EO_(2)-co-EG_(4/5))hinders the dehydration at the transition temperature(TT).Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(ATR-FTIR)analysis along with contact angle measurements reveals that both P(EO_(2)-co-EO_(4/5))and P(EO_(2)-co-EG_(4/5))films undergo phase transitions from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity above TT.By examining the swelling and collapse behaviors of the polymer films during phase transitions,it can be concluded that the end hydroxyl groups may establish hydrogen bonds with neighboring ether groups within the films,which remain intact throughout the phase transition process due to their strong bonding interactions.This leads to an increase in steric hindrance within swollen films thereby impeding dehydration processes and inducing hysteresis during phase transitions.展开更多
The SO_4^(2-)concentration distributions in surface region of cement mortar immersed in sulfate solution at early stage were measured by layered sampling method combined with chemical analysis, and the diffusion coeff...The SO_4^(2-)concentration distributions in surface region of cement mortar immersed in sulfate solution at early stage were measured by layered sampling method combined with chemical analysis, and the diffusion coefficients of SO_4^(2-)anions in surface region of mortar into internal area were calculated by means of instantaneous plane diffusion theory. The experimental results showed that the SO_4^(2-)concentration gradually reduced when the diffusion depth increased in the surface region of mortar. Diffusion coefficient(D) was relevant with the concentration and kind of environmental sulfate solution, which reduced with immersion time at the beginning, and then rose slowly after a period of time. The calculation of initial diffusion coefficient(D_0) and starting time of deterioration(t_∞) caused by sulfate attack was further attempted based on the data of diffusion coefficient, and it was found that D_0 and t∞ were all relevant with concentrations of sulfate and different kind of sulfate as well.展开更多
Pyromellitic acid(PMA)has been employed for formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics for its low damage to fibers and absence of phosphorus-containing catalysts.However,the wrinkle resistance perform...Pyromellitic acid(PMA)has been employed for formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics for its low damage to fibers and absence of phosphorus-containing catalysts.However,the wrinkle resistance performance of fabrics failed to meet the application expectation.In this work,the polyol extenders were introduced into PMA cross-linked cellulose for further improving fabric resilience by a two-step dipping-squeezing-curing method.Eleven polyols were employed as the chain extenders for PMA anti-wrinkle finishing on fabrics,among which sorbitol presented the best chain-spreading effect on wrinkle resistance.After screening the process parameters,the optimum process was obtained as follows.The dosage ratio of PMA to sorbitol was 1∶1,the curing condition was 150-160℃ for 2-3 min.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy were employed to characterize the fiber changes during the process.The results showed that the sorbitol incorporation could facilitate the remelting and redissolution of PMA on fiber surface.During the curing process,sorbitol could form ester linkages between PMA molecules and improve the fiber resilience.The treated samples presented excellent washing durability,and the wrinkle recovery angle A_(w)was still 265.1°after 10 washes,which was close to that of 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid(BTCA)but with lower tearing load loss.The results provide new insights for the application of PMA in formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics.展开更多
Taking the"synthesis and secretion processes of secreted proteins"as the main chain and with the teaching method of"identifying graphsdiscussion-drawing-display-evaluation",this class is designed t...Taking the"synthesis and secretion processes of secreted proteins"as the main chain and with the teaching method of"identifying graphsdiscussion-drawing-display-evaluation",this class is designed to guide students to understand the organelles related to the formation of secreted proteins.This helps students to understand that the organelles in the cytoplasm are not independent and incoherent,but a coordinated unity with the division of labor.展开更多
文摘目的对我国护士人文关怀干预措施的实施效果进行系统评价,为提升护士人文关怀能力提供理论依据。方法检索Web of Science、知网、维普等数据库从建库至2022年9月的文献,经过去重、筛选、质量评价,分析讨论研究中的干预措施及其实施效果。结果最终纳入11篇文献,人文关怀干预可提高护士关怀能力、关怀品质、共情能力及患者关怀感知度、满意度。结论人文关怀干预对护士人文关怀能力的提升具有促进作用,有必要在借鉴现有干预措施的基础上,积极开展护士人文关怀培训,实现护士人文关怀水平的整体提升。
基金Fujian External Cooperation project of Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2022I0042)。
文摘Thermo-responsive random copolymers,poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)(P(EO_(2)-co-EO_(4/5)))and poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol methacrylate(P(EO2-co-EG4/5))are synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP).The successful synthesis and the narrow polydispersity index(PDI)of two copolymers are indicated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR)and gel permeation chromatography(GPC)analyses.The transition behaviors of polymers in the aqueous solution are demonstrated by changes in turbidity and particle sizes.The transition behavior of P(EO2-co-EG4/5)is found to be milder than that of P(EO2-co-EO4/5).Moreover,the presence of hydrogen bonds without thermo-responsive properties established by hydroxyl groups in the end-side chain of P(EO_(2)-co-EG_(4/5))hinders the dehydration at the transition temperature(TT).Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(ATR-FTIR)analysis along with contact angle measurements reveals that both P(EO_(2)-co-EO_(4/5))and P(EO_(2)-co-EG_(4/5))films undergo phase transitions from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity above TT.By examining the swelling and collapse behaviors of the polymer films during phase transitions,it can be concluded that the end hydroxyl groups may establish hydrogen bonds with neighboring ether groups within the films,which remain intact throughout the phase transition process due to their strong bonding interactions.This leads to an increase in steric hindrance within swollen films thereby impeding dehydration processes and inducing hysteresis during phase transitions.
基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G26)Shanghai Promote Agriculture by Applying Scientific&Technological Advances Projects(2016No.1-1)+1 种基金Ability Promotion Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Engineering Center(16DZ2280300)Public Service Platform Constuction Project for Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(17DZ2293400)
文摘为研究保压时间对超高压鲳鱼片冷藏期间品质变化的影响,以未做任何处理样品作为对照组(CK),研究在200MPa的超高压条件下,通过10min(HPP10)、20min(HPP20)与30min(HPP30)的保压时间处理后样品的品质变化,每隔2d分别对各组样品的微生物指标(Total Viable Count,TVC)、理化指标(pH值、总挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Base Nitrogen,TVB-N)、色差、持水力(Water Holding Capacity,WHC)与质构分析(Texture Profile Analysis,TPA)与感官分值进行测定。结果表明,样品经过超高压处理后,其在贮藏期间的微生物生长、蛋白质降解与汁液流失得到明显抑制,其质构特性得以保持。指标间相关性分析结果显示,ΔE、pH值、TVB-N和TVC等相关性好。经200MPa、30min超高压处理能使冷藏鲳鱼片的货架期由4d延至8～12d。
基金Funded by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2011CB013800)
文摘The SO_4^(2-)concentration distributions in surface region of cement mortar immersed in sulfate solution at early stage were measured by layered sampling method combined with chemical analysis, and the diffusion coefficients of SO_4^(2-)anions in surface region of mortar into internal area were calculated by means of instantaneous plane diffusion theory. The experimental results showed that the SO_4^(2-)concentration gradually reduced when the diffusion depth increased in the surface region of mortar. Diffusion coefficient(D) was relevant with the concentration and kind of environmental sulfate solution, which reduced with immersion time at the beginning, and then rose slowly after a period of time. The calculation of initial diffusion coefficient(D_0) and starting time of deterioration(t_∞) caused by sulfate attack was further attempted based on the data of diffusion coefficient, and it was found that D_0 and t∞ were all relevant with concentrations of sulfate and different kind of sulfate as well.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2019J05105)State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology,Wuhan Textile University,China(No.FZ2020014)。
文摘Pyromellitic acid(PMA)has been employed for formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics for its low damage to fibers and absence of phosphorus-containing catalysts.However,the wrinkle resistance performance of fabrics failed to meet the application expectation.In this work,the polyol extenders were introduced into PMA cross-linked cellulose for further improving fabric resilience by a two-step dipping-squeezing-curing method.Eleven polyols were employed as the chain extenders for PMA anti-wrinkle finishing on fabrics,among which sorbitol presented the best chain-spreading effect on wrinkle resistance.After screening the process parameters,the optimum process was obtained as follows.The dosage ratio of PMA to sorbitol was 1∶1,the curing condition was 150-160℃ for 2-3 min.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy were employed to characterize the fiber changes during the process.The results showed that the sorbitol incorporation could facilitate the remelting and redissolution of PMA on fiber surface.During the curing process,sorbitol could form ester linkages between PMA molecules and improve the fiber resilience.The treated samples presented excellent washing durability,and the wrinkle recovery angle A_(w)was still 265.1°after 10 washes,which was close to that of 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid(BTCA)but with lower tearing load loss.The results provide new insights for the application of PMA in formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics.
文摘Taking the"synthesis and secretion processes of secreted proteins"as the main chain and with the teaching method of"identifying graphsdiscussion-drawing-display-evaluation",this class is designed to guide students to understand the organelles related to the formation of secreted proteins.This helps students to understand that the organelles in the cytoplasm are not independent and incoherent,but a coordinated unity with the division of labor.
