A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled...A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.展开更多
Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a predominant cause of treatment failure. In this study, we developed an in situ injectable hydrogel, termed MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel, which was locally formed within the tumor rese...Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a predominant cause of treatment failure. In this study, we developed an in situ injectable hydrogel, termed MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel, which was locally formed within the tumor resection cavity. The MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel was fabricated by mixing a thrombin solution, a fibrinogen solution containing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and a Mn/NO-based immune nano-activator termed MPB-NO@DOX. ATRA promoted the differentiation of cancer stem cells, inhibited cancer cell migration, and affected the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. The outer MnO2 shell disintegrated due to its reaction with glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in the cytoplasm to release Mn2+ and produce O2, resulting in the release of doxorubicin (DOX). The released DOX entered the nucleus and destroyed DNA, and the fragmented DNA cooperated with Mn2+ to activate the cGAS-STING pathway and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. In addition, when MPB-NO@DOX was exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation, the Fe-NO bond was broken to release NO, which downregulated the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, the MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy. The results of this study demonstrated the great potential of in situ injectable hydrogels in preventing postoperative tumor recurrence.展开更多
Web of Things(WoT)resources are not only numerous,but also have a wide range of applications and deployments.The centralized WoT resource sharing mechanism lacks flexibility and scalability,and hence cannot satisfy re...Web of Things(WoT)resources are not only numerous,but also have a wide range of applications and deployments.The centralized WoT resource sharing mechanism lacks flexibility and scalability,and hence cannot satisfy requirement of distributed resource sharing in large-scale environment.In response to this problem,a trusted and secure mechanism for WoT resources sharing based on context and blockchain(CWoT-Share)was proposed.Firstly,the mechanism can respond quickly to the changes of the application environment by dynamically determining resource access control rules according to the context.Then,the flexible resource charging strategies,which reduced the fees paid by the users who shared more resources and increased the fees paid by users who frequently used resources maliciously,were used to fulfill efficient sharing of WoT resources.Meanwhile,the charging strategies also achieve load balancing by dynamic selection of WoT resources.Finally,the open source blockchain platform Ethereum was used for the simulation and the simulation results show that CWoT-Share can flexibly adapt to the application environment and dynamically adjust strategies of resource access control and resource charging.展开更多
Gas-solid Fluidized Bed Coal Beneficiator(GFBCB)process is a crucial dry coal beneficiation fluidization technology.The work employs the GFBCB process alongside a novel Geldart A^(-)dense medium,consisting of Geldart ...Gas-solid Fluidized Bed Coal Beneficiator(GFBCB)process is a crucial dry coal beneficiation fluidization technology.The work employs the GFBCB process alongside a novel Geldart A^(-)dense medium,consisting of Geldart A magnetite particles and Geldart C ultrafine coal,to separate small-size separated objects in the GFBCB.The effects of various operational conditions,including the volume fraction of ultrafine coal,the gas velocity,the separated objects size,and the separation time,were investigated on the GFBCB's separation performance.The results indicated that the probable error for 6∼3 mm separated objects could be controlled within 0.10 g/cm^(3).Compared to the traditional Geldart B/D dense medium,the Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium exhibited better size-dependent separation performance with an overall probable error 0.04∼0.12 g/cm^(3).Moreover,it achieved a similar separation accuracy to the Geldart B/D dense medium fluidized bed with different external energy for the small-size object beneficiation.The work furthermore validated a separation density prediction model based on theoretical derivation,available for both Geldart B/D dense medium and Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium at different operational conditions.展开更多
Gas–solid separation fluidized bed is a typical method for coal separation without water utilization.Geldart A particles is also considered as the ideal dense medium to strengthen separation efficiency.Fluidization s...Gas–solid separation fluidized bed is a typical method for coal separation without water utilization.Geldart A particles is also considered as the ideal dense medium to strengthen separation efficiency.Fluidization stability reflects the bed pressure fluctuations and the distribution of bubble and emulsion phases,affecting the separation performance.And the main frequency of pressure fluctuations can directly reflect the degree of pressure fluctuations.Therefore,the detailed fluidization stability is analyzed combined the method of standard deviation of pressure fluctuations,power spectral density,etc.,for Geldart A particles.The results showed that maintaining an appropriate gas velocity resulted in an average bed pressure of around 2000 Pa.The main frequency is mainly concentrated around 1–1.5 Hz.Finally,a prediction model of the main frequency of pressure fluctuations is established,and the error can be controlled within±0.15.The investigation further proved the stable fluidization of Geldart A particles and provides a method for predicting the main frequency of pressure fluctuations in the gas–solid separation fluidized bed.展开更多
In gas fluidization processes involving different types of particles,the mixing or segregation behavior of the solid mixture is crucial to the overall outcome of the process.This study develops a model to predict the ...In gas fluidization processes involving different types of particles,the mixing or segregation behavior of the solid mixture is crucial to the overall outcome of the process.This study develops a model to predict the segregation directions of binary mixtures of Geldart B particles with density and size differences in bubbling fluidized beds.The proposed model was established by combining the particle segregation model,a previous particle segregation model,with a derived bed voidage equation of the bubbling fluidization based on the two-phase theory.The model was then analyzed with different function graphs of the model equations under various conditions.The results indicated that an increase in gas velocity or volume fraction of larger particles would strengthen size segregation,causing the larger and less dense components to descend.To validate the model,42 sets of data collected from 6 independent literature sources were compared with the predictions of the model.When the gas velocities were below 3.2 times the minimum gas velocity,the predictions were consistent with experimental results.This study has shed new light on the mechanisms of particle segregation in binary fluidized systems and provides a theoretical foundation for designing and manipulating gas-solid fluidized reactors.展开更多
In recent years,advances in microfabrication technology and tissue engineering have propelled the development of a novel drug screening and disease modelling platform known as organoid-on-a-chip.This platform integrat...In recent years,advances in microfabrication technology and tissue engineering have propelled the development of a novel drug screening and disease modelling platform known as organoid-on-a-chip.This platform integrates organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies,emerging as a promising approach for in vitro modelling of human organ physiology.Organoid-on-a-chip devices leverage microfluidic systems to simulate the physiological microenvironment of specific organs,offering a more dynamic and flexible setting that can mimic a more comprehensive human biological context.However,the lack of functional vasculature has remained a significant challenge in this technology.Vascularisation is crucial for the long-term culture and in vitro modelling of organoids,holding important implications for drug development and personalised medical approaches.This review provides an overview of research progress in developing vascularised organoid-on-a-chip models,addressing methods for in vitro vascularisation and advancements in vascularised organoids.The aim is to serve as a reference for future endeavors in constructing fully functional vascularised organoid-on-a-chip platforms.展开更多
Dry coal separation has become essential in China because it does not consume water and it reduces environmental pollution. In this study, a method for improving fluidization quality in a fluidized bed separator using...Dry coal separation has become essential in China because it does not consume water and it reduces environmental pollution. In this study, a method for improving fluidization quality in a fluidized bed separator using a micropore sponge is proposed. The separator is used for fine coal beneficiation. The pressure drop across the distributor and bed fluidization characteristics were analyzed to evaluate fluidization quality. The beneficiation efficiency for fine coal was further investigated by using a laboratory-scale fluidized bed with and without a micropore sponge. With the sponge, the highest pressure drop fluctuation factor decreased from 0.23 to 0.16, indicating an improvement in density stability. The modified separation method reduced the ash content of a sample of fine coal from 23.83% to 10.70%. The probable error efficiency value E for -6 + 3 mm coal was 0.12g/cm^3, close to the efficiency error values reported for other dry-beneficiation techniques. The separation results show that using a sponge in the fluidized bed can readily improve the efficiency of fine coal beneficiation.展开更多
Here we report a new one-step thermal polycondensation process to form crinkly graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CGCNNs)via supramolecular preorganization,using a mixture of urea and melamine as the starting materia...Here we report a new one-step thermal polycondensation process to form crinkly graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CGCNNs)via supramolecular preorganization,using a mixture of urea and melamine as the starting material.Systematical studies reveal that the newly developed CGCNNs significantly strengthen the optical absorption,widen the bandgap,and increase the Hall mobility and carrier density compared to that of its bulk counterpart,regardless of the similar chemical composition and structure.As a result,the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is improved by 7 times.Moreover,Na doping of CGCNNs can further promote its photocatalytic activity,leading to an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 250.9μmol h^(–1),which is approximately 10.5 times higher than its bulk counterpart.Moreover,an impressive apparent quantum efficiency of 19.12%is achieved at 420 nm.This study provides a facile strategy for the design of efficient low-cost carbon-nitride-based photocatalysts for solar fuel production.展开更多
This paper analyzes the influence of different coal mass fraction in an air dense medium fluidized bed （ADMFB）. The effect of the low density particles layer on heavy sedimentation increased with increasing material...This paper analyzes the influence of different coal mass fraction in an air dense medium fluidized bed （ADMFB）. The effect of the low density particles layer on heavy sedimentation increased with increasing material layer thickness. The thickness of the low density particles layer also affected the final settling time of the high densiW particles. Increasing the thickness of the low density particles layer by △h provoked an increase in the settling of high density particles that was related to their diameter （△h/D）. The pressure gradient across the bed was lower than that observed for the control experiment, which had only the dense material, owing to a decrease in the pressure gradient in Zones 1 and 5 （at the top and bottom of the bed, respectively）. Introducing different coal sizes resulted in different fluidization environments, particle accumulation layers, and changes to the surrounding zone. However, the influence of the coal particles on the local bed characteristics was related to its concentration. The feeding mass fraction of 6-13mm size and 13-25mm size coal should be limited to10% and 13%, respectively. The ranges of possible deviation were found to be 0.08-0.15 and 0.07-0.10 for the respective samples.展开更多
Biological pretreatment has broad application prospects in agricultural waste treatment because of its economic benefits,environmental protection and energy saving characteristics.In this study,a microbial consortium ...Biological pretreatment has broad application prospects in agricultural waste treatment because of its economic benefits,environmental protection and energy saving characteristics.In this study,a microbial consortium LZF-12 was applied for a biological pretreatment to degrade rice straw.Batch experiments were performed under hydrolysis conditions by using the method of Box-Behnken factorial design(BBD).The results showed that the model multiple correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9816,and the effects of three factors on the degradation of rice straw of LZF-12 as descending order were the initial rice content,chicken manure content,and initial pH value.The interaction between straw concentration,chicken manure concentration,and initial pH value had significant effects on the degradation of a microbial consortium.Under the optimum conditions of 0.86%rice straw,0.5%chicken manure and the initial pH value of 7.0,the degradation rate of rice straw reached 72.4%.There is only a small difference of 0.55%between the experimental value and predicted value from BBD model.Therefore,it is feasible for the established model due to the consistent results between the prediction and experimental value.The microbial consortium LZF-12 has high cellulase enzyme activities and degradation ability over a wide range of temperature and pH value,indicating that it has a good development potential and application prospects in waste biodegradation and biomass energy production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31972929 and 62231025)the Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Nos.21140901300 and 20DZ2220400)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0767)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2021ZD22 and YG2023LC04)the Foundation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch(No.SUITM-2023008)the Cross-disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.JYJC202108).
文摘A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003298)the Scientiffc and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.232102310392)+5 种基金the Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province(No.222102310453,212102311025)Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan Province(No.201901025)the Key Research Project of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.18A350003)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases,Henan Province(No.NMZL2020102)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0035)the Scientiffc Research Seedling Project of Chongqing Medicinal Biotechnology Association(No.cmba2022kyym-zkxmQ0009).
文摘Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a predominant cause of treatment failure. In this study, we developed an in situ injectable hydrogel, termed MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel, which was locally formed within the tumor resection cavity. The MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel was fabricated by mixing a thrombin solution, a fibrinogen solution containing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and a Mn/NO-based immune nano-activator termed MPB-NO@DOX. ATRA promoted the differentiation of cancer stem cells, inhibited cancer cell migration, and affected the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. The outer MnO2 shell disintegrated due to its reaction with glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in the cytoplasm to release Mn2+ and produce O2, resulting in the release of doxorubicin (DOX). The released DOX entered the nucleus and destroyed DNA, and the fragmented DNA cooperated with Mn2+ to activate the cGAS-STING pathway and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. In addition, when MPB-NO@DOX was exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation, the Fe-NO bond was broken to release NO, which downregulated the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, the MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy. The results of this study demonstrated the great potential of in situ injectable hydrogels in preventing postoperative tumor recurrence.
基金This study is funded by“The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61972211,No.61771258)”.
文摘Web of Things(WoT)resources are not only numerous,but also have a wide range of applications and deployments.The centralized WoT resource sharing mechanism lacks flexibility and scalability,and hence cannot satisfy requirement of distributed resource sharing in large-scale environment.In response to this problem,a trusted and secure mechanism for WoT resources sharing based on context and blockchain(CWoT-Share)was proposed.Firstly,the mechanism can respond quickly to the changes of the application environment by dynamically determining resource access control rules according to the context.Then,the flexible resource charging strategies,which reduced the fees paid by the users who shared more resources and increased the fees paid by users who frequently used resources maliciously,were used to fulfill efficient sharing of WoT resources.Meanwhile,the charging strategies also achieve load balancing by dynamic selection of WoT resources.Finally,the open source blockchain platform Ethereum was used for the simulation and the simulation results show that CWoT-Share can flexibly adapt to the application environment and dynamically adjust strategies of resource access control and resource charging.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.52220105008,52104276)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(grant No.52125403).
文摘Gas-solid Fluidized Bed Coal Beneficiator(GFBCB)process is a crucial dry coal beneficiation fluidization technology.The work employs the GFBCB process alongside a novel Geldart A^(-)dense medium,consisting of Geldart A magnetite particles and Geldart C ultrafine coal,to separate small-size separated objects in the GFBCB.The effects of various operational conditions,including the volume fraction of ultrafine coal,the gas velocity,the separated objects size,and the separation time,were investigated on the GFBCB's separation performance.The results indicated that the probable error for 6∼3 mm separated objects could be controlled within 0.10 g/cm^(3).Compared to the traditional Geldart B/D dense medium,the Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium exhibited better size-dependent separation performance with an overall probable error 0.04∼0.12 g/cm^(3).Moreover,it achieved a similar separation accuracy to the Geldart B/D dense medium fluidized bed with different external energy for the small-size object beneficiation.The work furthermore validated a separation density prediction model based on theoretical derivation,available for both Geldart B/D dense medium and Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium at different operational conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.52220105008,52261135540)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(grant No.52125403)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(grant No.SJCX23_1302)the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(grant No.2023WLJCRCZL081).
文摘Gas–solid separation fluidized bed is a typical method for coal separation without water utilization.Geldart A particles is also considered as the ideal dense medium to strengthen separation efficiency.Fluidization stability reflects the bed pressure fluctuations and the distribution of bubble and emulsion phases,affecting the separation performance.And the main frequency of pressure fluctuations can directly reflect the degree of pressure fluctuations.Therefore,the detailed fluidization stability is analyzed combined the method of standard deviation of pressure fluctuations,power spectral density,etc.,for Geldart A particles.The results showed that maintaining an appropriate gas velocity resulted in an average bed pressure of around 2000 Pa.The main frequency is mainly concentrated around 1–1.5 Hz.Finally,a prediction model of the main frequency of pressure fluctuations is established,and the error can be controlled within±0.15.The investigation further proved the stable fluidization of Geldart A particles and provides a method for predicting the main frequency of pressure fluctuations in the gas–solid separation fluidized bed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52274275)the Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(grant No.KYCX22_2640)the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(grant No.2022WLKXJ065).
文摘In gas fluidization processes involving different types of particles,the mixing or segregation behavior of the solid mixture is crucial to the overall outcome of the process.This study develops a model to predict the segregation directions of binary mixtures of Geldart B particles with density and size differences in bubbling fluidized beds.The proposed model was established by combining the particle segregation model,a previous particle segregation model,with a derived bed voidage equation of the bubbling fluidization based on the two-phase theory.The model was then analyzed with different function graphs of the model equations under various conditions.The results indicated that an increase in gas velocity or volume fraction of larger particles would strengthen size segregation,causing the larger and less dense components to descend.To validate the model,42 sets of data collected from 6 independent literature sources were compared with the predictions of the model.When the gas velocities were below 3.2 times the minimum gas velocity,the predictions were consistent with experimental results.This study has shed new light on the mechanisms of particle segregation in binary fluidized systems and provides a theoretical foundation for designing and manipulating gas-solid fluidized reactors.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62231025 and 31972929)the Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Nos.21140901300 and 20DZ2220400)+3 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0767)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2021ZD22 and YG2023LC04)the Foundation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch(No.SUITM-2023008)Cross-Disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.JYJC202108).
文摘In recent years,advances in microfabrication technology and tissue engineering have propelled the development of a novel drug screening and disease modelling platform known as organoid-on-a-chip.This platform integrates organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies,emerging as a promising approach for in vitro modelling of human organ physiology.Organoid-on-a-chip devices leverage microfluidic systems to simulate the physiological microenvironment of specific organs,offering a more dynamic and flexible setting that can mimic a more comprehensive human biological context.However,the lack of functional vasculature has remained a significant challenge in this technology.Vascularisation is crucial for the long-term culture and in vitro modelling of organoids,holding important implications for drug development and personalised medical approaches.This review provides an overview of research progress in developing vascularised organoid-on-a-chip models,addressing methods for in vitro vascularisation and advancements in vascularised organoids.The aim is to serve as a reference for future endeavors in constructing fully functional vascularised organoid-on-a-chip platforms.
文摘Dry coal separation has become essential in China because it does not consume water and it reduces environmental pollution. In this study, a method for improving fluidization quality in a fluidized bed separator using a micropore sponge is proposed. The separator is used for fine coal beneficiation. The pressure drop across the distributor and bed fluidization characteristics were analyzed to evaluate fluidization quality. The beneficiation efficiency for fine coal was further investigated by using a laboratory-scale fluidized bed with and without a micropore sponge. With the sponge, the highest pressure drop fluctuation factor decreased from 0.23 to 0.16, indicating an improvement in density stability. The modified separation method reduced the ash content of a sample of fine coal from 23.83% to 10.70%. The probable error efficiency value E for -6 + 3 mm coal was 0.12g/cm^3, close to the efficiency error values reported for other dry-beneficiation techniques. The separation results show that using a sponge in the fluidized bed can readily improve the efficiency of fine coal beneficiation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002328)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science&Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University(2020GXLH-Z018)the Australian Research Council through its Discovery Projects(DPs)and Laureate Fellowship。
文摘Here we report a new one-step thermal polycondensation process to form crinkly graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CGCNNs)via supramolecular preorganization,using a mixture of urea and melamine as the starting material.Systematical studies reveal that the newly developed CGCNNs significantly strengthen the optical absorption,widen the bandgap,and increase the Hall mobility and carrier density compared to that of its bulk counterpart,regardless of the similar chemical composition and structure.As a result,the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is improved by 7 times.Moreover,Na doping of CGCNNs can further promote its photocatalytic activity,leading to an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 250.9μmol h^(–1),which is approximately 10.5 times higher than its bulk counterpart.Moreover,an impressive apparent quantum efficiency of 19.12%is achieved at 420 nm.This study provides a facile strategy for the design of efficient low-cost carbon-nitride-based photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
文摘This paper analyzes the influence of different coal mass fraction in an air dense medium fluidized bed （ADMFB）. The effect of the low density particles layer on heavy sedimentation increased with increasing material layer thickness. The thickness of the low density particles layer also affected the final settling time of the high densiW particles. Increasing the thickness of the low density particles layer by △h provoked an increase in the settling of high density particles that was related to their diameter （△h/D）. The pressure gradient across the bed was lower than that observed for the control experiment, which had only the dense material, owing to a decrease in the pressure gradient in Zones 1 and 5 （at the top and bottom of the bed, respectively）. Introducing different coal sizes resulted in different fluidization environments, particle accumulation layers, and changes to the surrounding zone. However, the influence of the coal particles on the local bed characteristics was related to its concentration. The feeding mass fraction of 6-13mm size and 13-25mm size coal should be limited to10% and 13%, respectively. The ranges of possible deviation were found to be 0.08-0.15 and 0.07-0.10 for the respective samples.
基金This work was supported by Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Fund(E2015023)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0700705)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Launch Fund(LBH-Q13023).
文摘Biological pretreatment has broad application prospects in agricultural waste treatment because of its economic benefits,environmental protection and energy saving characteristics.In this study,a microbial consortium LZF-12 was applied for a biological pretreatment to degrade rice straw.Batch experiments were performed under hydrolysis conditions by using the method of Box-Behnken factorial design(BBD).The results showed that the model multiple correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9816,and the effects of three factors on the degradation of rice straw of LZF-12 as descending order were the initial rice content,chicken manure content,and initial pH value.The interaction between straw concentration,chicken manure concentration,and initial pH value had significant effects on the degradation of a microbial consortium.Under the optimum conditions of 0.86%rice straw,0.5%chicken manure and the initial pH value of 7.0,the degradation rate of rice straw reached 72.4%.There is only a small difference of 0.55%between the experimental value and predicted value from BBD model.Therefore,it is feasible for the established model due to the consistent results between the prediction and experimental value.The microbial consortium LZF-12 has high cellulase enzyme activities and degradation ability over a wide range of temperature and pH value,indicating that it has a good development potential and application prospects in waste biodegradation and biomass energy production.
