This paper studies the problem of time-varying formation control with finite-time prescribed performance for nonstrict feedback second-order multi-agent systems with unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities.To eli...This paper studies the problem of time-varying formation control with finite-time prescribed performance for nonstrict feedback second-order multi-agent systems with unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities.To eliminate nonlinearities,neural networks are applied to approximate the inherent dynamics of the system.In addition,due to the limitations of the actual working conditions,each follower agent can only obtain the locally measurable partial state information of the leader agent.To address this problem,a neural network state observer based on the leader state information is designed.Then,a finite-time prescribed performance adaptive output feedback control strategy is proposed by restricting the sliding mode surface to a prescribed region,which ensures that the closed-loop system has practical finite-time stability and that formation errors of the multi-agent systems converge to the prescribed performance bound in finite time.Finally,a numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the developed algorithm.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Accurate estimation of population size is a crucial issue in wildlife population ecology and conservation.While Global Positioning System(GPS)collars are well recognized as an effective method for monitori...DEAR EDITOR,Accurate estimation of population size is a crucial issue in wildlife population ecology and conservation.While Global Positioning System(GPS)collars are well recognized as an effective method for monitoring wildlife behavior,their application in direct wildlife population size estimation remains underutilized.In this study,GPS telemetry was employed to survey a rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)population on Neilingding Island in Guangdong,China.From May 2021 to April 2022,32 macaques across nine groups were fitted with GPS collars,producing a dataset of 109739 location fixes.Analyzing data from all tracked individuals revealed the annual home ranges of the nine groups.展开更多
BACKGROUND According to study,anoikis-related genes(ARGs)have been demonstrated to play a significant impact in cirrhosis,a major disease threatening human health worldwide.AIM To investigate the relationship between ...BACKGROUND According to study,anoikis-related genes(ARGs)have been demonstrated to play a significant impact in cirrhosis,a major disease threatening human health worldwide.AIM To investigate the relationship between ARGs and cirrhosis development to provide insights into the clinical treatment of cirrhosis.METHODS RNA-sequencing data related to cirrhosis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between cirrhotic and normal tissues were intersected with ARGs to derive differentially expressed ARGs(DEARGs).The DEARGs were filtered using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,support vector machine recursive feature elimination,and random forest algorithms to identify biomarkers for cirrhosis.These biomarkers were used to create a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of cirrhosis.The proportions of diverse immune cell subsets in cirrhotic vs normal tissues were compared using the CIBERSORT computational method.In addition,the linkage between immune cells and biomarkers was assessed,and a regulatory network of mRNA,miRNA,and transcription factors was constructed relying on the biomarkers.RESULTS The comparison of cirrhotic and normal tissue samples led to the identification of 635 DEGs.Subsequent intersection of the DEGs with ARGs produced a set of 26 DEARGs.Subsequently,three DEARGs,namely,ACTG1,STAT1,and CCR7,were identified as biomarkers using three machine-learning algorithms.The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages,resting CD4 memory T cells,resting mast cells,and plasma cells significantly differed between cirrhotic and normal tissue samples.The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages,resting CD4 memory T cells,and resting mast cells were significantly correlated with the expression of the three biomarkers.The mRNA–miRNA–TF network showed that ACTG1,CCR7,and STAT1 were regulated by 28,42,and 35 miRNAs,respectively.Moreover,AR,MAX,EP300,and FOXA1 were found to regulate four miRNAs related to the biomarkers.CONCLUSION This study revealed ACTG1,STAT1,and CCR7 as biomarkers of cirrhosis,providing a reference for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cirrhosis.展开更多
China supports the richest non-human primate diversity in the northern hemisphere, providing an excellent opportunity for Chinese primatologists to take a leading role in advancing the study of primatology Primatology...China supports the richest non-human primate diversity in the northern hemisphere, providing an excellent opportunity for Chinese primatologists to take a leading role in advancing the study of primatology Primatology in China began to flourish after 1979. To date, Chinese primatologists have published more than 1 000 papers in journals indexed by the Chinese Science Citation Database and the Web of Science Core Collection, and universities and academic institutions have trained 107 PhD students and 370 Masters students between 1984 and 2016. In total, the National Science Foundation of China has funded 129 primate projects （RMB 71.7 million） supporting 59 researchers from 28 organizations. However, previous research has also shown obvious species bias. Rhinopithecus roxellana, Rhinopithecus bieti, and Macaca mulatta have received much greater research attention than other species. Researchers have also tended to continue to study the same species （55.2%） they studied during their PhD training. To promote the development of primatology in China, we suggest （1） the need for a comprehensive primatology textbook written in Chinese, （2） continued training of more PhD students, and （3） encouragement to study less well-known primate species.展开更多
Jujube witches’broom(JWB)phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission.In previous research,...Jujube witches’broom(JWB)phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission.In previous research,two JWB effectors,SJP1 and SJP2,were identified to induce lateral bud outgrowth by disrupting ZjBRC1-mediated auxin flux.However,the pathogenesis of JWB disease remains largely unknown.Here,tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming was examined to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms acting inside jujube lateral buds under JWB phytoplasma infection.JWB phytoplasmas modulated a series of plant signalling networks involved in lateral bud development and defence,including auxin,abscisic acid(ABA),ethylene,jasmonic acid,and salicylic acid.JWB-induced bud outgrowth was accompanied by downregulation of ABA synthesis within lateral buds.ABA application rescued the bushy appearances of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing SJP1 and SJP2 in Col-0 and ZjBRC1 in the brc1-2 mutant.Furthermore,the expression of ZjBRC1 and ABA-related genes ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 was negatively correlated with lateral main bud outgrowth in decapitated healthy jujube.Molecular evidence showed that ZjBRC1 interacted with ZjBRC2 via its N-terminus to activate ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 expression and ABA accumulation in transgenic jujube calli.In addition,ZjBRC1 widely regulated differentially expressed genes related to ABA homeostasis and ABA signalling,especially by binding to and suppressing ABA receptors.Therefore,these results suggest that JWB phytoplasmas hijack the ZjBRC1-mediated ABA pathways to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth and expansion,providing a strategy to engineer plants resistant to JWB phytoplasma disease and regulate woody plant architecture to promote crop yield and quality.展开更多
The arc milling method has the advantages of high machining efficiency and low cost and is independent of the strength and hardness of machined materials.However,frequent electrode back-offs and the risk of workpiece ...The arc milling method has the advantages of high machining efficiency and low cost and is independent of the strength and hardness of machined materials.However,frequent electrode back-offs and the risk of workpiece burning may occur if erosion products are not removed promptly.In this study,it was found that the flushing method of the working medium had a significant impact on the machining performance of arc milling.Based on this,a novel highefficiency compound machining method of electrical discharge and arc milling with automatic tracking of the optimal flushing direction was proposed.An automatic tracking optimizer for external working medium injection was designed to determine the optimal external flushing direction according to the feed direction.The influence of flushing methods,working mediums,and machining parameters on the machining efficiency,tool electrode wear rate,machining error,and surface integrity of titanium alloys were investigated.The results indicated that better machining performance and environmental friendliness were achieved using the compound flushing method of outer compressed air and inner deionized water.Additionally,the automatic tracking flushing method in the opposite direction of the feed direction showed superior results compared to other directions.The material removal rate with the opposite direction injection could be increased up to 1.62 times that of the same direction,and the relative electrode wear rate could be reduced by 14.76%.This novel method has broad application prospects for machining parts with difficult-to-cut materials in aerospace and military industries.展开更多
With the application of UAVs in intelligent transportation systems, vehicle detection for aerial images has become a key engineering technology and has academic research significance. In this paper, a vehicle detectio...With the application of UAVs in intelligent transportation systems, vehicle detection for aerial images has become a key engineering technology and has academic research significance. In this paper, a vehicle detection method for aerial image based on YOLO deep learning algorithm is presented. The method integrates an aerial image dataset suitable for YOLO training by pro-cessing three public aerial image datasets. Experiments show that the training model has a good performance on unknown aerial images, especially for small objects, rotating objects, as well as compact and dense objects, while meeting the real-time requirements.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) represent the most common mesenchymal tumors of the alimentary tract. These tumors may have different clinical and biological behaviors. Malignant forms usually spread via a hema...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) represent the most common mesenchymal tumors of the alimentary tract. These tumors may have different clinical and biological behaviors. Malignant forms usually spread via a hematogenous route, and lymph node metastases rarely occur. Herein, we report a patient with a jejunal GIST who developed supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. We conclude that lymphatic diffusion via the mediastinal lymphatic station to the supraclavicular lymph nodes can be a potential metastatic route for GISTs.展开更多
Non-human primates often live in socially stable groups characterized by bonded relationships among individuals. Social organization can be used to evaluate living conditions and expansion potential. Bisexual group si...Non-human primates often live in socially stable groups characterized by bonded relationships among individuals. Social organization can be used to evaluate living conditions and expansion potential. Bisexual group size, ratio of males to females and group composition are essential elements determining the type of social organization. Although the first report on Shortridge’s capped langurs（Trachypithecus shortridgei） was in the 1970 s, until now, the species only inhabits forests of the Dulongjiang valley in northwest Yunnan, China, with c. 250-370 individuals in 19 populations. To understand its social organization, we collected data from five groups of Shortridge’s langurs at Silaluo in the Dulongjiang valley during August 2012-October 2013. Family groups consist of one adult male, 2–3 adult females and up to five young. Group size averaged 8（7-9） individuals. The ratio of adult males to females（M/F） was 1：2.9, infants to adult females was（I/F） 1：2.2; and ratio of adults to immatures was 1：1.2, indicating the potential of a population increasing. Birth season was during March-July and the inter-birth interval was two years.展开更多
Studies on behavioral flexibility in response to habitat differences and degradation are crucial for developing conservation strategies for endangered species.Trachypithecus species inhabit various habitats and displa...Studies on behavioral flexibility in response to habitat differences and degradation are crucial for developing conservation strategies for endangered species.Trachypithecus species inhabit various habitats and display different patterns of strata use;however,the effect of habitat structure on strata use remains poorly studied.Here,we investigated strata use patterns of Indo-Chinese gray langurs(Trachypithecus crepusculus)in a primary evergreen forest in Mt.Wuliang,southwest China,from June2012 to January 2016.In addition,we compared T.crepusculus strata use and terrestriality with five other Trachypithecus species from previous studies.Unlike langurs living in karst forests,our study group was typically arboreal and spent only 2.9%of time on the ground.The group showed a preference for higher strata when resting and lower strata(<20 m)when moving.The langurs primarily used time on the ground for geophagy,but otherwise avoided the ground during feeding.These strata use patterns are similar to those of limestone langurs(T.francoisi)when using continuous forests.At the genus level(n=6 species),we found a negative relationship between habitat forest cover and terrestriality.This negative relationship was also true for the five limestone langur species,implying limestone langurs increase territoriality in response to decreased forest cover.Our results document behavioral flexibility in strata use of Trachypithecus langurs and highlight the importance of the protection of continuous forests to promote langur conservation.展开更多
Road traffic is the important driving factor for economic and social development. With the rapid increase of vehicle population, road traffic problems such as traffic jam and traffic accident have become the bottlenec...Road traffic is the important driving factor for economic and social development. With the rapid increase of vehicle population, road traffic problems such as traffic jam and traffic accident have become the bottleneck which restricts economic development. In recent years, natural disasters frequently occur in China. Therefore, it is essential to extract road information to compute the degree of road damage for traffic emergency management. A road extraction method based on region growing and mathematical morphology from remote sensing images is proposed in this paper. According to the road features, the remote sensing image is preprocessed to separate road regions from non-road regions preliminarily. After image thresholding, region growing algorithm is used to extract connected regions. Then we sort connected regions by area to exclude the small regions which are probably non-road objects. Finally, the mathematical morphology algorithm is used to fill the holes inside the road regions. The experimental results show that the method proposed can effectively extract roads from remote sensing images. This research also has broad prospects in dealing with traffic emergency management by the government.展开更多
Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass engineering.Rock mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important con...Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass engineering.Rock mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important content of numerical simulation.A new 3-dimensional rough discrete fracture network(RDFN3D)model and its modeling method based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot(W-M)function were presented in this paper.The RDFN3D model,which improves and unifies the modelling methods for the complex structural planes,has been realized.The influence of fractal dimension,amplitude,and surface precision on the modeling parameters of RDFN3D was discussed.The reasonable W-M parameters suitable for the roughness coefficient of JRC were proposed,and the relationship between the mathematical model and the joint characterization was established.The RDFN3D together with the smooth 3-dimensional discrete fracture network(DFN3D)models were successfully exported to the drawing exchange format,which will provide a wide application in numerous numerical simulation codes including both the continuous and discontinuous methods.The numerical models were discussed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code and the 3-dimensional particle flow code,respectively.The reliability of the RDFN3D model was preliminarily discussed and analyzed.The roughness and spatial connectivity of the fracture networks have a dominant effect on the fluid flow patterns.The research results can provide a new geological model and analysis model for numerical simulation and engineering analysis of jointed rock mass.展开更多
The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny wi...The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of Z phayrei using multiple genes. Our results support a sister-relationship between Z p. phayrei and T p. shanicus. However, the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T. p. crepuscula as a distinct species, but the nuclear PRMI gene suggested a closer relationship between T p. crepuscula and T p. phayrei. The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred, a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.展开更多
Amyloid β peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase （ABAD） decoy peptide （DP） can competitively antagonize binding of amyloid β peptide to ABAD and inhibit the cytotoxic effects of amyloid β peptide. Based on pepti...Amyloid β peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase （ABAD） decoy peptide （DP） can competitively antagonize binding of amyloid β peptide to ABAD and inhibit the cytotoxic effects of amyloid β peptide. Based on peptide aptamers, the present study inserted ABAD-DP into the disulfide bond of human thioredoxin （TRX） using molecular cloning technique to construct a fusion gene that can express the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer. Moreover, adeno-associated virus was used to allow its stable expression. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the co-expression of the transduced fusion gene TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 and amyloid β peptide in NIH-3T3 cells, indicating that the TRXl-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer can bind amyloid β peptide within cells. In addition, cell morphology and MTT results suggested that TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 attenuated amyloid β peptide-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and improved cell viability. These findings confirmed the possibility of constructing TRX-based peptide aptamer using ABAD-DP. Moreover, TRXl-ABAD-DP-TRX2 inhibited the cytotoxic effect of amyloid β peptide.展开更多
The American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council recently recommend- ed that vasopressin can be used for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, instead of epinephrine. However, the guidelines do not discu...The American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council recently recommend- ed that vasopressin can be used for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, instead of epinephrine. However, the guidelines do not discuss the effects of vasopressin during cerebral resuscitation. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected epinephrine and/or vasopressin during cardiopul- monary resuscitation in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. The results demonstrated that, compared with epinephrine alone, the pathological damage to nerve cells was lessened, and the levels of c-Iun N-terminal kinase and p38 expression were significantly decreased in the hippo- campus after treatment with vasopressin alone or the vasopressin and epinephrine combination. No significant difference in resuscitation effects was detected between vasopressin alone and the vasopressin and epinephrine combination. These results suggest that vasopressin alone or the vasopressin and epinephrine combination suppress the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Iun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways and reduce neuronal apoptosis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.展开更多
Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dor...Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dorsal horn using the Dian, Bo, and Rou method in Yinmen（BL37）, Yanglingquan（GB34）, and Weizhong（BL40）. Treatment prevents muscle atrophy, protects spinal cord neurons, and promotes sciatic nerve repair. The mechanisms of action of tuina for treating peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood. This study established rat models of sciatic nerve injury using the crushing method. Rats received Chinese tuina in accordance with the principle of ＂Three Methods and Three Points,＂ once daily for 20 days. Tuina intervention reduced paw withdrawal latency and improved wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as promoting morphological recovery of sciatic nerve fibers, Schwann cells, and axons. The protein expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β also decreased. These findings indicate that ＂Three Methods and Three Points＂ promoted morphological recovery and improved behavior of rats with peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
Methods of coating Al_(2)O_(3) on nickel micro-foam were compared and screened,aiming to overcome the capillary force and prepare the micro-foam monolithic catalyst coatings.The surface of micro-foam substrate was pre...Methods of coating Al_(2)O_(3) on nickel micro-foam were compared and screened,aiming to overcome the capillary force and prepare the micro-foam monolithic catalyst coatings.The surface of micro-foam substrate was pretreated by a chemical etching method to improve the adhesion of the coatings on the substrate.The results showed that the slurry circulation at 162 ml·min^(-1) was evaluated as the optimal method.The pore size on the substrate surface can be controlled by changing the pretreatment conditions.An empirical correlation was also proposed,showing an excellent practicality for predicting the pore size.The adhesion of the coatings with substrate pretreatment was significantly better than that without substrate pretreatment.The minimum value of mass loss after ultrasonic vibration was 3.9%.This mainly attributes to the squeezing of Al_(2)O_(3) particles in the pores of substrate surface.The coatings on nickel micro-foam are hopefully used in micropacked beds for catalytic reactions.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62203356)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(31020210502002)。
文摘This paper studies the problem of time-varying formation control with finite-time prescribed performance for nonstrict feedback second-order multi-agent systems with unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities.To eliminate nonlinearities,neural networks are applied to approximate the inherent dynamics of the system.In addition,due to the limitations of the actual working conditions,each follower agent can only obtain the locally measurable partial state information of the leader agent.To address this problem,a neural network state observer based on the leader state information is designed.Then,a finite-time prescribed performance adaptive output feedback control strategy is proposed by restricting the sliding mode surface to a prescribed region,which ensures that the closed-loop system has practical finite-time stability and that formation errors of the multi-agent systems converge to the prescribed performance bound in finite time.Finally,a numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the developed algorithm.
基金supported by the Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(33000-42090019)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Basic Research 20180285)+1 种基金Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(2021A 1515010641)Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Accurate estimation of population size is a crucial issue in wildlife population ecology and conservation.While Global Positioning System(GPS)collars are well recognized as an effective method for monitoring wildlife behavior,their application in direct wildlife population size estimation remains underutilized.In this study,GPS telemetry was employed to survey a rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)population on Neilingding Island in Guangdong,China.From May 2021 to April 2022,32 macaques across nine groups were fitted with GPS collars,producing a dataset of 109739 location fixes.Analyzing data from all tracked individuals revealed the annual home ranges of the nine groups.
基金Supported by The Basic Research Joint Special General Project of Yunnan Provincial Local Universities(part),No.202301BA070001-029 and No.202301BA070001-044Yunnan Province High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Team Selection Special-Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project,No.202405AC350067.
文摘BACKGROUND According to study,anoikis-related genes(ARGs)have been demonstrated to play a significant impact in cirrhosis,a major disease threatening human health worldwide.AIM To investigate the relationship between ARGs and cirrhosis development to provide insights into the clinical treatment of cirrhosis.METHODS RNA-sequencing data related to cirrhosis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between cirrhotic and normal tissues were intersected with ARGs to derive differentially expressed ARGs(DEARGs).The DEARGs were filtered using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,support vector machine recursive feature elimination,and random forest algorithms to identify biomarkers for cirrhosis.These biomarkers were used to create a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of cirrhosis.The proportions of diverse immune cell subsets in cirrhotic vs normal tissues were compared using the CIBERSORT computational method.In addition,the linkage between immune cells and biomarkers was assessed,and a regulatory network of mRNA,miRNA,and transcription factors was constructed relying on the biomarkers.RESULTS The comparison of cirrhotic and normal tissue samples led to the identification of 635 DEGs.Subsequent intersection of the DEGs with ARGs produced a set of 26 DEARGs.Subsequently,three DEARGs,namely,ACTG1,STAT1,and CCR7,were identified as biomarkers using three machine-learning algorithms.The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages,resting CD4 memory T cells,resting mast cells,and plasma cells significantly differed between cirrhotic and normal tissue samples.The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages,resting CD4 memory T cells,and resting mast cells were significantly correlated with the expression of the three biomarkers.The mRNA–miRNA–TF network showed that ACTG1,CCR7,and STAT1 were regulated by 28,42,and 35 miRNAs,respectively.Moreover,AR,MAX,EP300,and FOXA1 were found to regulate four miRNAs related to the biomarkers.CONCLUSION This study revealed ACTG1,STAT1,and CCR7 as biomarkers of cirrhosis,providing a reference for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cirrhosis.
基金supported by the National Young Top-Notch Talent Program of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900169,31160424,31372216,31770421)
文摘China supports the richest non-human primate diversity in the northern hemisphere, providing an excellent opportunity for Chinese primatologists to take a leading role in advancing the study of primatology Primatology in China began to flourish after 1979. To date, Chinese primatologists have published more than 1 000 papers in journals indexed by the Chinese Science Citation Database and the Web of Science Core Collection, and universities and academic institutions have trained 107 PhD students and 370 Masters students between 1984 and 2016. In total, the National Science Foundation of China has funded 129 primate projects （RMB 71.7 million） supporting 59 researchers from 28 organizations. However, previous research has also shown obvious species bias. Rhinopithecus roxellana, Rhinopithecus bieti, and Macaca mulatta have received much greater research attention than other species. Researchers have also tended to continue to study the same species （55.2%） they studied during their PhD training. To promote the development of primatology in China, we suggest （1） the need for a comprehensive primatology textbook written in Chinese, （2） continued training of more PhD students, and （3） encouragement to study less well-known primate species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971687 and 32002007)the Anhui Province Key Research and Development Program(202004a06020008)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QC127)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(KJ2019A0186).
文摘Jujube witches’broom(JWB)phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission.In previous research,two JWB effectors,SJP1 and SJP2,were identified to induce lateral bud outgrowth by disrupting ZjBRC1-mediated auxin flux.However,the pathogenesis of JWB disease remains largely unknown.Here,tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming was examined to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms acting inside jujube lateral buds under JWB phytoplasma infection.JWB phytoplasmas modulated a series of plant signalling networks involved in lateral bud development and defence,including auxin,abscisic acid(ABA),ethylene,jasmonic acid,and salicylic acid.JWB-induced bud outgrowth was accompanied by downregulation of ABA synthesis within lateral buds.ABA application rescued the bushy appearances of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing SJP1 and SJP2 in Col-0 and ZjBRC1 in the brc1-2 mutant.Furthermore,the expression of ZjBRC1 and ABA-related genes ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 was negatively correlated with lateral main bud outgrowth in decapitated healthy jujube.Molecular evidence showed that ZjBRC1 interacted with ZjBRC2 via its N-terminus to activate ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 expression and ABA accumulation in transgenic jujube calli.In addition,ZjBRC1 widely regulated differentially expressed genes related to ABA homeostasis and ABA signalling,especially by binding to and suppressing ABA receptors.Therefore,these results suggest that JWB phytoplasmas hijack the ZjBRC1-mediated ABA pathways to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth and expansion,providing a strategy to engineer plants resistant to JWB phytoplasma disease and regulate woody plant architecture to promote crop yield and quality.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0105100)the Equipment Pre-research Collaborative Foundation for Innovation Team from Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(No.8091B042209)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Universities in Shandong Province(No.2019KJB016)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022ME106)。
文摘The arc milling method has the advantages of high machining efficiency and low cost and is independent of the strength and hardness of machined materials.However,frequent electrode back-offs and the risk of workpiece burning may occur if erosion products are not removed promptly.In this study,it was found that the flushing method of the working medium had a significant impact on the machining performance of arc milling.Based on this,a novel highefficiency compound machining method of electrical discharge and arc milling with automatic tracking of the optimal flushing direction was proposed.An automatic tracking optimizer for external working medium injection was designed to determine the optimal external flushing direction according to the feed direction.The influence of flushing methods,working mediums,and machining parameters on the machining efficiency,tool electrode wear rate,machining error,and surface integrity of titanium alloys were investigated.The results indicated that better machining performance and environmental friendliness were achieved using the compound flushing method of outer compressed air and inner deionized water.Additionally,the automatic tracking flushing method in the opposite direction of the feed direction showed superior results compared to other directions.The material removal rate with the opposite direction injection could be increased up to 1.62 times that of the same direction,and the relative electrode wear rate could be reduced by 14.76%.This novel method has broad application prospects for machining parts with difficult-to-cut materials in aerospace and military industries.
文摘With the application of UAVs in intelligent transportation systems, vehicle detection for aerial images has become a key engineering technology and has academic research significance. In this paper, a vehicle detection method for aerial image based on YOLO deep learning algorithm is presented. The method integrates an aerial image dataset suitable for YOLO training by pro-cessing three public aerial image datasets. Experiments show that the training model has a good performance on unknown aerial images, especially for small objects, rotating objects, as well as compact and dense objects, while meeting the real-time requirements.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) represent the most common mesenchymal tumors of the alimentary tract. These tumors may have different clinical and biological behaviors. Malignant forms usually spread via a hematogenous route, and lymph node metastases rarely occur. Herein, we report a patient with a jejunal GIST who developed supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. We conclude that lymphatic diffusion via the mediastinal lymphatic station to the supraclavicular lymph nodes can be a potential metastatic route for GISTs.
基金supported by the Yunnan Green Environmental Development Fundthe Central Financial Assistance Fund+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（31160422,30960084）the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University（NCET-12-1079）the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation（2013M542379）the Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province
文摘Non-human primates often live in socially stable groups characterized by bonded relationships among individuals. Social organization can be used to evaluate living conditions and expansion potential. Bisexual group size, ratio of males to females and group composition are essential elements determining the type of social organization. Although the first report on Shortridge’s capped langurs（Trachypithecus shortridgei） was in the 1970 s, until now, the species only inhabits forests of the Dulongjiang valley in northwest Yunnan, China, with c. 250-370 individuals in 19 populations. To understand its social organization, we collected data from five groups of Shortridge’s langurs at Silaluo in the Dulongjiang valley during August 2012-October 2013. Family groups consist of one adult male, 2–3 adult females and up to five young. Group size averaged 8（7-9） individuals. The ratio of adult males to females（M/F） was 1：2.9, infants to adult females was（I/F） 1：2.2; and ratio of adults to immatures was 1：1.2, indicating the potential of a population increasing. Birth season was during March-July and the inter-birth interval was two years.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372216,31822049)。
文摘Studies on behavioral flexibility in response to habitat differences and degradation are crucial for developing conservation strategies for endangered species.Trachypithecus species inhabit various habitats and display different patterns of strata use;however,the effect of habitat structure on strata use remains poorly studied.Here,we investigated strata use patterns of Indo-Chinese gray langurs(Trachypithecus crepusculus)in a primary evergreen forest in Mt.Wuliang,southwest China,from June2012 to January 2016.In addition,we compared T.crepusculus strata use and terrestriality with five other Trachypithecus species from previous studies.Unlike langurs living in karst forests,our study group was typically arboreal and spent only 2.9%of time on the ground.The group showed a preference for higher strata when resting and lower strata(<20 m)when moving.The langurs primarily used time on the ground for geophagy,but otherwise avoided the ground during feeding.These strata use patterns are similar to those of limestone langurs(T.francoisi)when using continuous forests.At the genus level(n=6 species),we found a negative relationship between habitat forest cover and terrestriality.This negative relationship was also true for the five limestone langur species,implying limestone langurs increase territoriality in response to decreased forest cover.Our results document behavioral flexibility in strata use of Trachypithecus langurs and highlight the importance of the protection of continuous forests to promote langur conservation.
文摘Road traffic is the important driving factor for economic and social development. With the rapid increase of vehicle population, road traffic problems such as traffic jam and traffic accident have become the bottleneck which restricts economic development. In recent years, natural disasters frequently occur in China. Therefore, it is essential to extract road information to compute the degree of road damage for traffic emergency management. A road extraction method based on region growing and mathematical morphology from remote sensing images is proposed in this paper. According to the road features, the remote sensing image is preprocessed to separate road regions from non-road regions preliminarily. After image thresholding, region growing algorithm is used to extract connected regions. Then we sort connected regions by area to exclude the small regions which are probably non-road objects. Finally, the mathematical morphology algorithm is used to fill the holes inside the road regions. The experimental results show that the method proposed can effectively extract roads from remote sensing images. This research also has broad prospects in dealing with traffic emergency management by the government.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51674187)the International Joint Research Center for Value-added Metallurgy and Processing of Non-ferrous Metals,China(No.2019SD0010)the Key Industry Chain(Group)-Industrial Field in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2019ZDLGY05-03)。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2900500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074020 and 42202306)+2 种基金the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining(No.WPUKFJJ2019-06)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-21001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20200993).
文摘Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass engineering.Rock mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important content of numerical simulation.A new 3-dimensional rough discrete fracture network(RDFN3D)model and its modeling method based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot(W-M)function were presented in this paper.The RDFN3D model,which improves and unifies the modelling methods for the complex structural planes,has been realized.The influence of fractal dimension,amplitude,and surface precision on the modeling parameters of RDFN3D was discussed.The reasonable W-M parameters suitable for the roughness coefficient of JRC were proposed,and the relationship between the mathematical model and the joint characterization was established.The RDFN3D together with the smooth 3-dimensional discrete fracture network(DFN3D)models were successfully exported to the drawing exchange format,which will provide a wide application in numerous numerical simulation codes including both the continuous and discontinuous methods.The numerical models were discussed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code and the 3-dimensional particle flow code,respectively.The reliability of the RDFN3D model was preliminarily discussed and analyzed.The roughness and spatial connectivity of the fracture networks have a dominant effect on the fluid flow patterns.The research results can provide a new geological model and analysis model for numerical simulation and engineering analysis of jointed rock mass.
文摘The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of Z phayrei using multiple genes. Our results support a sister-relationship between Z p. phayrei and T p. shanicus. However, the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T. p. crepuscula as a distinct species, but the nuclear PRMI gene suggested a closer relationship between T p. crepuscula and T p. phayrei. The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred, a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30872721the National Natural Science Foundation for the Youth,No.30801211,30800338the Scientific Research Foundation for New Teachers of High Institutes,No.200801831073,200801831072
文摘Amyloid β peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase （ABAD） decoy peptide （DP） can competitively antagonize binding of amyloid β peptide to ABAD and inhibit the cytotoxic effects of amyloid β peptide. Based on peptide aptamers, the present study inserted ABAD-DP into the disulfide bond of human thioredoxin （TRX） using molecular cloning technique to construct a fusion gene that can express the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer. Moreover, adeno-associated virus was used to allow its stable expression. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the co-expression of the transduced fusion gene TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 and amyloid β peptide in NIH-3T3 cells, indicating that the TRXl-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer can bind amyloid β peptide within cells. In addition, cell morphology and MTT results suggested that TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 attenuated amyloid β peptide-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and improved cell viability. These findings confirmed the possibility of constructing TRX-based peptide aptamer using ABAD-DP. Moreover, TRXl-ABAD-DP-TRX2 inhibited the cytotoxic effect of amyloid β peptide.
文摘The American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council recently recommend- ed that vasopressin can be used for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, instead of epinephrine. However, the guidelines do not discuss the effects of vasopressin during cerebral resuscitation. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected epinephrine and/or vasopressin during cardiopul- monary resuscitation in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. The results demonstrated that, compared with epinephrine alone, the pathological damage to nerve cells was lessened, and the levels of c-Iun N-terminal kinase and p38 expression were significantly decreased in the hippo- campus after treatment with vasopressin alone or the vasopressin and epinephrine combination. No significant difference in resuscitation effects was detected between vasopressin alone and the vasopressin and epinephrine combination. These results suggest that vasopressin alone or the vasopressin and epinephrine combination suppress the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Iun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways and reduce neuronal apoptosis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373759the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China,No.7142097
文摘Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dorsal horn using the Dian, Bo, and Rou method in Yinmen（BL37）, Yanglingquan（GB34）, and Weizhong（BL40）. Treatment prevents muscle atrophy, protects spinal cord neurons, and promotes sciatic nerve repair. The mechanisms of action of tuina for treating peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood. This study established rat models of sciatic nerve injury using the crushing method. Rats received Chinese tuina in accordance with the principle of ＂Three Methods and Three Points,＂ once daily for 20 days. Tuina intervention reduced paw withdrawal latency and improved wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as promoting morphological recovery of sciatic nerve fibers, Schwann cells, and axons. The protein expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β also decreased. These findings indicate that ＂Three Methods and Three Points＂ promoted morphological recovery and improved behavior of rats with peripheral nerve injury.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0905100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978146,21991103,22008138)on this work.
文摘Methods of coating Al_(2)O_(3) on nickel micro-foam were compared and screened,aiming to overcome the capillary force and prepare the micro-foam monolithic catalyst coatings.The surface of micro-foam substrate was pretreated by a chemical etching method to improve the adhesion of the coatings on the substrate.The results showed that the slurry circulation at 162 ml·min^(-1) was evaluated as the optimal method.The pore size on the substrate surface can be controlled by changing the pretreatment conditions.An empirical correlation was also proposed,showing an excellent practicality for predicting the pore size.The adhesion of the coatings with substrate pretreatment was significantly better than that without substrate pretreatment.The minimum value of mass loss after ultrasonic vibration was 3.9%.This mainly attributes to the squeezing of Al_(2)O_(3) particles in the pores of substrate surface.The coatings on nickel micro-foam are hopefully used in micropacked beds for catalytic reactions.
