作为长江上游生态屏障的核心区,三峡库区特殊的地理位置使其在推动长江经济带发展和生态文明建设中肩负着重大使命。三峡库区的生态环境在蓄水前后发生了较大改变,其变化能通过植被物候的变动体现,研究三峡库区植被物候时空演变特征及...作为长江上游生态屏障的核心区,三峡库区特殊的地理位置使其在推动长江经济带发展和生态文明建设中肩负着重大使命。三峡库区的生态环境在蓄水前后发生了较大改变,其变化能通过植被物候的变动体现,研究三峡库区植被物候时空演变特征及其驱动力,对于区域生态可持续发展和长江经济带生态文明建设具有重要意义。借助动态阈值法提取物候参数,整合多源遥感物候参数提取结果,分析1990—2020年三峡库区植被物候时空格局;结合Theil-Sen Median趋势分析与Mann-Kendall检验等方法,定量分析三峡库区蓄水前后植被物候时空演变特征;运用地理加权回归分析、Pearson相关性分析以及主成分分析等方法,定量探究三峡库区植被物候时空演变的影响因素。结果表明:(1)近31年来,三峡库区植被的生长季开始时间(Start of Growing Season,SOS)主要出现在60 DOY(Date of Year),生长季结束时间(End of Growing Season,EOS)主要出现在301 DOY,生长季长度(Length of Growing Season,LOS)总体为248 d。在空间上,SOS与EOS均呈现出从库首至库尾逐渐提前的趋势,LOS的空间异质性较小。(2)库区植被物候表现出SOS提前、EOS推迟和LOS延长的特征,SOS提前的平均幅度为0.3 d/a,库首区域最为典型;EOS推迟的平均幅度为0.8 d/a,库尾区域尤为明显;LOS延长的平均幅度为1.7 d/a,库尾区域更加突出。植被物候对库区蓄水的响应表现出一定的滞后性。(3)人为因素与间接人为因素(水位、人口和水域面积等)是影响库区植被物候时空分异的主要因素。展开更多
Objective Recent studies have indicated potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)on asthma,which is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Theref...Objective Recent studies have indicated potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)on asthma,which is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Therefore,we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between the administration of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with T2DM and/or obesity.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to July 2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists(GLP-1RA,GLP-1 based dual and triple receptor agonist)with reports of asthma events were included.Outcomes were computed as risk ratios(RR)using a fixedeffects model.Results Overall,39 RCTs with a total of 85,755 participants were included.Compared to non-GLP-1 receptor-based agonist users,a trend of reduced risk of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments,although the difference was not statistically significant[RR=0.91,95%confidence interval(CI):0.68 to 1.24].Further Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of light-molecular-weight GLP-1RAs might be associated with a reduced the risk of asthma when compared with non-users(RR=0.65,95%CI:0.43 to 0.99,P=0.043).We also performed sensitivity analyses for participant characteristics,study design,drug structure,duration of action,and drug subtypes.However,no significant associations were observed.Conclusion Compared with non-users,a modest reduction in the incidence of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments.Further investigations are warranted to assess the association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the risk of asthma.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chiglitazar is an emerging pan-agonist of all peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPAR)-α,δandγ,and has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,to date,no clinical studies or meta-...BACKGROUND Chiglitazar is an emerging pan-agonist of all peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPAR)-α,δandγ,and has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,to date,no clinical studies or meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and traditional PPAR-γagonist thiazolidinediones(TZDs).A meta-analysis concerning this topic is therefore required.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and TZD in patients with T2D.METHODS PubMed,Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Reference Citation Analysis and Clinicaltrial.gov websites were searched from August 1994 to March 2022.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of chiglitazar or TZD vs placebo in patients with T2D were included.Indirect comparisons and sensitivity analyses were implemented to evaluate multiple efficacy and safety endpoints of interest.RESULTS We included 93 RCTs that compared TZD with placebo and one that compared chiglitazar with placebo.For efficacy endpoints,the augmented dose of chiglitazar resulted in greater reductions in hemoglobin(Hb)A1c[weighted mean difference(WMD)=-0.15%,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.27 to-0.04%],triglycerides(WMD=-0.17 mmol/L,95%CI:-0.24 to-0.11 mmol/L)and alanine aminotransferase(WMD=-5.25 U/L,95%CI:-8.50 to-1.99 U/L),and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment-β(HOMA-β)(WMD=17.75,95%CI:10.73-24.77)when compared with TZD treatment.For safety endpoints,the risks of hypoglycemia,edema,bone fractures,upper respiratory tract infection,urinary tract infection,and weight gain were all comparable between the augmented dose of chiglitazar and TZD.In patients with baseline HbA1c≥8.5%,body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2)or diabetes duration<10 years,the HbA1c reduction and HOMA-βincrease were more conspicuous for the augmented dose of chiglitazar compared with TZD.CONCLUSION Augmented dose of chiglitazar,a pan-activator of PPARs,may serve as an antidiabetic agent with preferable glycemic and lipid control,betterβ-cell function preserving capacity,and does not increase the risk of safety concerns when compared with TZD.展开更多
为了明确湖北省植被长势变化特征及其影响因子,研究利用Landsat影像提取2005年、2010年以及2015年湖北省景观类型信息,分析近10年来景观时空变化特征;基于2005—2015年夏季MODIS/NDVI数据,采用一元线性回归、Theil Sen median趋势、Mann...为了明确湖北省植被长势变化特征及其影响因子,研究利用Landsat影像提取2005年、2010年以及2015年湖北省景观类型信息,分析近10年来景观时空变化特征;基于2005—2015年夏季MODIS/NDVI数据,采用一元线性回归、Theil Sen median趋势、Mann Kendall检验等分析方法对NDVI时空变化特征及其显著性进行探讨;采用最小二乘法对NDVI与气候之间的相关关系进行分析。使用DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据探讨NDVI与人类经济活动之间的关系。结果表明:研究区景观类型变化以建设用地和耕地为主。耕地面积呈现逐年减少的趋势,主要转变为建设用地。建设用地面积不断增多,主要由耕地和林地转变而来,集中在武汉、荆州、襄阳城市圈;研究区NDVI值整体上表现为西高东低,以林地为主的十堰、恩施等地区NDVI值较高,以建设用地为主的武汉、襄阳、荆州等地区NDVI值较低;整体上NDVI变化呈轻微改善趋势,局部地区下降明显,鄂西北、鄂西南等地区NDVI稍有上升,武汉城市圈植被呈退化趋势;NDVI与降水量、气温的相关性均较弱,气候因子不是该区NDVI变化的主导因子;NDVI与夜间灯光亮度值呈显著负相关,相关系数达-0.8030,整体上人类经济活动与NDVI呈负相关关系,且有着分区性的特点,在武汉、襄阳等以建设用地为主的地区人类经济活动对NDVI起抑制作用,而在恩施、十堰等林地为主的地区人类活动对NDVI起促进作用。人类社会经济活动是影响研究区景观格局和植被变化的重要驱动力,城镇化扩张是湖北省植被变化的主要原因。展开更多
文摘作为长江上游生态屏障的核心区,三峡库区特殊的地理位置使其在推动长江经济带发展和生态文明建设中肩负着重大使命。三峡库区的生态环境在蓄水前后发生了较大改变,其变化能通过植被物候的变动体现,研究三峡库区植被物候时空演变特征及其驱动力,对于区域生态可持续发展和长江经济带生态文明建设具有重要意义。借助动态阈值法提取物候参数,整合多源遥感物候参数提取结果,分析1990—2020年三峡库区植被物候时空格局;结合Theil-Sen Median趋势分析与Mann-Kendall检验等方法,定量分析三峡库区蓄水前后植被物候时空演变特征;运用地理加权回归分析、Pearson相关性分析以及主成分分析等方法,定量探究三峡库区植被物候时空演变的影响因素。结果表明:(1)近31年来,三峡库区植被的生长季开始时间(Start of Growing Season,SOS)主要出现在60 DOY(Date of Year),生长季结束时间(End of Growing Season,EOS)主要出现在301 DOY,生长季长度(Length of Growing Season,LOS)总体为248 d。在空间上,SOS与EOS均呈现出从库首至库尾逐渐提前的趋势,LOS的空间异质性较小。(2)库区植被物候表现出SOS提前、EOS推迟和LOS延长的特征,SOS提前的平均幅度为0.3 d/a,库首区域最为典型;EOS推迟的平均幅度为0.8 d/a,库尾区域尤为明显;LOS延长的平均幅度为1.7 d/a,库尾区域更加突出。植被物候对库区蓄水的响应表现出一定的滞后性。(3)人为因素与间接人为因素(水位、人口和水域面积等)是影响库区植被物候时空分异的主要因素。
基金supported by The Beijing Natural Science Foundation[No.7202216]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81970698 and No.81970708].
文摘Objective Recent studies have indicated potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)on asthma,which is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Therefore,we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between the administration of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with T2DM and/or obesity.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to July 2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists(GLP-1RA,GLP-1 based dual and triple receptor agonist)with reports of asthma events were included.Outcomes were computed as risk ratios(RR)using a fixedeffects model.Results Overall,39 RCTs with a total of 85,755 participants were included.Compared to non-GLP-1 receptor-based agonist users,a trend of reduced risk of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments,although the difference was not statistically significant[RR=0.91,95%confidence interval(CI):0.68 to 1.24].Further Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of light-molecular-weight GLP-1RAs might be associated with a reduced the risk of asthma when compared with non-users(RR=0.65,95%CI:0.43 to 0.99,P=0.043).We also performed sensitivity analyses for participant characteristics,study design,drug structure,duration of action,and drug subtypes.However,no significant associations were observed.Conclusion Compared with non-users,a modest reduction in the incidence of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments.Further investigations are warranted to assess the association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the risk of asthma.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7202216National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970698 and No.81970708.
文摘BACKGROUND Chiglitazar is an emerging pan-agonist of all peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPAR)-α,δandγ,and has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,to date,no clinical studies or meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and traditional PPAR-γagonist thiazolidinediones(TZDs).A meta-analysis concerning this topic is therefore required.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and TZD in patients with T2D.METHODS PubMed,Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Reference Citation Analysis and Clinicaltrial.gov websites were searched from August 1994 to March 2022.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of chiglitazar or TZD vs placebo in patients with T2D were included.Indirect comparisons and sensitivity analyses were implemented to evaluate multiple efficacy and safety endpoints of interest.RESULTS We included 93 RCTs that compared TZD with placebo and one that compared chiglitazar with placebo.For efficacy endpoints,the augmented dose of chiglitazar resulted in greater reductions in hemoglobin(Hb)A1c[weighted mean difference(WMD)=-0.15%,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.27 to-0.04%],triglycerides(WMD=-0.17 mmol/L,95%CI:-0.24 to-0.11 mmol/L)and alanine aminotransferase(WMD=-5.25 U/L,95%CI:-8.50 to-1.99 U/L),and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment-β(HOMA-β)(WMD=17.75,95%CI:10.73-24.77)when compared with TZD treatment.For safety endpoints,the risks of hypoglycemia,edema,bone fractures,upper respiratory tract infection,urinary tract infection,and weight gain were all comparable between the augmented dose of chiglitazar and TZD.In patients with baseline HbA1c≥8.5%,body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2)or diabetes duration<10 years,the HbA1c reduction and HOMA-βincrease were more conspicuous for the augmented dose of chiglitazar compared with TZD.CONCLUSION Augmented dose of chiglitazar,a pan-activator of PPARs,may serve as an antidiabetic agent with preferable glycemic and lipid control,betterβ-cell function preserving capacity,and does not increase the risk of safety concerns when compared with TZD.
文摘为了明确湖北省植被长势变化特征及其影响因子,研究利用Landsat影像提取2005年、2010年以及2015年湖北省景观类型信息,分析近10年来景观时空变化特征;基于2005—2015年夏季MODIS/NDVI数据,采用一元线性回归、Theil Sen median趋势、Mann Kendall检验等分析方法对NDVI时空变化特征及其显著性进行探讨;采用最小二乘法对NDVI与气候之间的相关关系进行分析。使用DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据探讨NDVI与人类经济活动之间的关系。结果表明:研究区景观类型变化以建设用地和耕地为主。耕地面积呈现逐年减少的趋势,主要转变为建设用地。建设用地面积不断增多,主要由耕地和林地转变而来,集中在武汉、荆州、襄阳城市圈;研究区NDVI值整体上表现为西高东低,以林地为主的十堰、恩施等地区NDVI值较高,以建设用地为主的武汉、襄阳、荆州等地区NDVI值较低;整体上NDVI变化呈轻微改善趋势,局部地区下降明显,鄂西北、鄂西南等地区NDVI稍有上升,武汉城市圈植被呈退化趋势;NDVI与降水量、气温的相关性均较弱,气候因子不是该区NDVI变化的主导因子;NDVI与夜间灯光亮度值呈显著负相关,相关系数达-0.8030,整体上人类经济活动与NDVI呈负相关关系,且有着分区性的特点,在武汉、襄阳等以建设用地为主的地区人类经济活动对NDVI起抑制作用,而在恩施、十堰等林地为主的地区人类活动对NDVI起促进作用。人类社会经济活动是影响研究区景观格局和植被变化的重要驱动力,城镇化扩张是湖北省植被变化的主要原因。
