An innovative complex lidar system deployed on an airborne rotorcraft platform for remote sensing of atmospheric pollution is proposed and demonstrated.The system incorporates integrated-path differential absorption l...An innovative complex lidar system deployed on an airborne rotorcraft platform for remote sensing of atmospheric pollution is proposed and demonstrated.The system incorporates integrated-path differential absorption lidar(DIAL) and coherent-doppler lidar(CDL) techniques using a dual tunable TEA CO_(2)laser in the 9—11 μm band and a 1.55 μm fiber laser.By combining the principles of differential absorption detection and pulsed coherent detection,the system enables agile and remote sensing of atmospheric pollution.Extensive static tests validate the system’s real-time detection capabilities,including the measurement of concentration-path-length product(CL),front distance,and path wind speed of air pollution plumes over long distances exceeding 4 km.Flight experiments is conducted with the helicopter.Scanning of the pollutant concentration and the wind field is carried out in an approximately 1 km slant range over scanning angle ranges from 45°to 65°,with a radial resolution of 30 m and10 s.The test results demonstrate the system’s ability to spatially map atmospheric pollution plumes and predict their motion and dispersion patterns,thereby ensuring the protection of public safety.展开更多
●Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome(MEWDS)is a rare fundus disease,characterized by acute vision loss and visual field defects.Many previous studies have explained the possible pathogenesis and clinical features ...●Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome(MEWDS)is a rare fundus disease,characterized by acute vision loss and visual field defects.Many previous studies have explained the possible pathogenesis and clinical features of primary MEWDS.However,as the number of reported cases increases,secondary MEWDS occurs in other related retinal diseases and injuries,exhibiting some special characteristics.The associated retinal diseases include multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy(MFC/PIC),acute zonal occult outer retinopathy,best vitelliform macular dystrophy,pseudoxanthoma elasticum,and ocular toxoplasmosis.The related retinal injury is laser photocoagulation,surgery,and trauma.Although primary MEWDS often have a self-limiting course,secondary MEWDS may require treatment in some cases,according to the severity of concomitant diseases and complications.Notably,MEWDS secondary to MFC/PIC that is prone to forming choroidal neovascularization and focal choroidal excavation,needs positive treatment with corticosteroids.The possible underlying pathogenesis of secondary MEWDS is the exposure of choroidal antigen after the disruption of Bruch’s membrane.The MEWDS-related features in secondary MEWDS are still evanescent under most circumstances.Its prognosis and treatment depend on the severity of complications.Current studies propose that the etiology is associated with immune factors,including viral infection,inflammation in choroid and Bruch’s membrane,and antigen exposure caused by retinal and/or choroidal insults.More pathogenic studies should be conducted in the future.Accurate diagnosis for secondary MEWDS could benefit patients in aspects of management and prognosis.展开更多
Dear Editor,We report a case of streaky multifocal choroiditis(SMFC)followed by chickenpox in a girl with asthma under prednison treatment.To our knowledge,this is the first case report of an SMFC followed by chickenp...Dear Editor,We report a case of streaky multifocal choroiditis(SMFC)followed by chickenpox in a girl with asthma under prednison treatment.To our knowledge,this is the first case report of an SMFC followed by chickenpox in a patient with asthma.展开更多
We write to present a case report of Hallerrnann-Streiff syndrome （HSS; oculo-mandibulo-dyscephaly withhypotrichosis） with persistent pupillary membranes and cataract absorption.
AIM:To introduce a modified technique of internal limiting membrane(ILM)centripetal dragging and peeling to treat idiopathic macular hole(IMH)and to observe the ILM-retina adhesive forces.METHODS:Twenty-six consecutiv...AIM:To introduce a modified technique of internal limiting membrane(ILM)centripetal dragging and peeling to treat idiopathic macular hole(IMH)and to observe the ILM-retina adhesive forces.METHODS:Twenty-six consecutive patients with stage 3 to 4 IMH and followed up at least six months were enrolled.All patients underwent complete par plana vitrectomy,ILM dragging and peeling,fluid and gas exchange,15%C3 F8 tamponade and 2-week prone position.The best corrected visual acuity,macular hole evaluation by optical coherence tomography,and complications were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean diameter of IMH was 524±148μm(range:201-683μm),with 21 cases(80.8%)greater than 400μm.ILM dragging and peeling were successfully performed in all cases.Most of the ILM-retina adhesive forces are severe(42.3%,11/26),followed by mild(38.5%,10/26),and moderate(19.2%,5/26).The mean follow-up duration was 21.2±6.1 mo.The IMH was closed in 25(96.3%)eyes.Visual acuity(logMAR)improved significantly from 1.2±0.6 preoperatively to 0.7±0.5 postoperatively(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Preexisting ILM-retina adhesive force is found in IMH patients.With assistance of this force,this modified technique may help to release the IMH edges and improve the closure rate of large IMH.展开更多
AIM:To determine the etiologies,treatment modalities and visual outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage(VH;range from birth to 18 y).METHODS:A total of 262 eyes from 210 patients between January 2010 and September 2016 were i...AIM:To determine the etiologies,treatment modalities and visual outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage(VH;range from birth to 18 y).METHODS:A total of 262 eyes from 210 patients between January 2010 and September 2016 were included.All children underwent an appropriate ocular and systemic examination.Data collected included demographics,clinical manifestations,details of the ocular and systemic examination,management details,final fundus anatomy and visual acuity(VA).RESULTS:The most common etiologies were nontraumatic VH(64.89%),most of which were due to retinopathy of prematurity(ROP;37.10%);while traffic accidents,including 16(21.00%)eyes,was the most common ocular traumas.Surgery,performed in 143(54.58%)eyes,was the most common management modality.The initial mean baseline visual acuity was 2.77±0.21 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution(log MAR)in children and adolescent with traumatic VH,which was significantly improved to 2.15±1.31 log MAR(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:VH in children and adolescent has a complicated and diverse etiology.ROP is the primary cause of non-traumatic VH,which is the most common etiology.Appropriate treatment of traumatic VH is associated with obvious improvement in visual acuity.The initial VA is one of most important predictors of outcome.展开更多
AIM:To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor(EGF)on the proliferation and migration of Müller cell line Moorfields/Institute of Ophthalmology-Müller 1(MIO-M1),and its related molecular mechanisms ...AIM:To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor(EGF)on the proliferation and migration of Müller cell line Moorfields/Institute of Ophthalmology-Müller 1(MIO-M1),and its related molecular mechanisms under normal and oxidative stress conditions.METHODS:Müller cells were cultured with different concentrations of EGF in the presence or absence of varied amounts of H2O2and glucose oxidase(GO)which induced oxidative stress.The proliferation and migration of Müller cells were examined by 5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine(BrdU),MTT assay,Transwell assay and scratch wound healing assays.The cell viability was determined with the MTT assay.The secretion of EGF by Müller cells was evaluated by ELISA.Western blot was performed to detect the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)1/2 and Akt signal pathways.RESULTS:EGF stimulated the proliferation and migration of Müller cells in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro.Under oxidative damage condition,2h of pretreatment with 10-100 ng/mL EGF can mostly inhibit 50% lethal dose of 0.08 mmol/L H2O2-induced cell damage.The Western blot results showed that after Müller cells were exposed to varying EGF for 24h,Akt and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated in a dose-dependent manner.In the presence of the LY294002,the potent PI3K inhibitor,the p-Akt was significantly attenuated.CONCLUSION:EGF may induce the proliferation and migration of human Müller cells through the Akt and the ERK1/2 signal pathways,and induce PI3K-mediated glioprotective effect under oxidative stress.展开更多
AIM:To describe and compare pathologic findings in eyes enucleated after superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy(SOAC)or SOAC with intravenous chemotherapy(IVC)for retinoblastoma.METHODS:Medical records betwee...AIM:To describe and compare pathologic findings in eyes enucleated after superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy(SOAC)or SOAC with intravenous chemotherapy(IVC)for retinoblastoma.METHODS:Medical records between January 1st,2014 and June 30th,2017 were retrospectively analyzed,and pathologic findings were recorded.This study included 36 eyes from 22(61.1%)male and 14(38.9%)female patients.Nineteen of 36(52.8%)eyes received SOAC(mean=3,range=1-7)as primary treatment,and 17 of 36(47.2%)eyes received SOAC(mean=3.7,range=1-10)after IVC(mean=6.1,range=2-11).Tumor extension including choroidal invasion(n=9,25%),optic nerve invasion(n=5,13.9%)and anterior segment invasion(n=5,13.9%)were recorded.RESULTS:Histopathologic evidence of ischemic damage in the retina and choroid was found in 28(77.8%)eyes.Thrombosed blood vessels were identified in 9(25%)eyes,including orbital artery in the retrobulbar orbit(n=1),intrascleral vessels(n=4),and chorioretinal vessels(n=6).Fibrotic changes were found in extraocular muscles(n=5,13.9%)and optic nerve(n=5,13.9%).Varying degrees of scleral degeneration were found in all eyes.In statistical analysis,there was no significant difference in clinical and pathologic changes between SOAC group and SOAC with IVC group except for optic nerve invasion(P=0.047).CONCLUSION:SOAC for retinoblastoma can result in ocular toxicity,and SOAC with IVC do not increase the toxicity but reduced the incidence of optic nerve invasion.展开更多
文摘An innovative complex lidar system deployed on an airborne rotorcraft platform for remote sensing of atmospheric pollution is proposed and demonstrated.The system incorporates integrated-path differential absorption lidar(DIAL) and coherent-doppler lidar(CDL) techniques using a dual tunable TEA CO_(2)laser in the 9—11 μm band and a 1.55 μm fiber laser.By combining the principles of differential absorption detection and pulsed coherent detection,the system enables agile and remote sensing of atmospheric pollution.Extensive static tests validate the system’s real-time detection capabilities,including the measurement of concentration-path-length product(CL),front distance,and path wind speed of air pollution plumes over long distances exceeding 4 km.Flight experiments is conducted with the helicopter.Scanning of the pollutant concentration and the wind field is carried out in an approximately 1 km slant range over scanning angle ranges from 45°to 65°,with a radial resolution of 30 m and10 s.The test results demonstrate the system’s ability to spatially map atmospheric pollution plumes and predict their motion and dispersion patterns,thereby ensuring the protection of public safety.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171073No.82101147).
文摘●Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome(MEWDS)is a rare fundus disease,characterized by acute vision loss and visual field defects.Many previous studies have explained the possible pathogenesis and clinical features of primary MEWDS.However,as the number of reported cases increases,secondary MEWDS occurs in other related retinal diseases and injuries,exhibiting some special characteristics.The associated retinal diseases include multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy(MFC/PIC),acute zonal occult outer retinopathy,best vitelliform macular dystrophy,pseudoxanthoma elasticum,and ocular toxoplasmosis.The related retinal injury is laser photocoagulation,surgery,and trauma.Although primary MEWDS often have a self-limiting course,secondary MEWDS may require treatment in some cases,according to the severity of concomitant diseases and complications.Notably,MEWDS secondary to MFC/PIC that is prone to forming choroidal neovascularization and focal choroidal excavation,needs positive treatment with corticosteroids.The possible underlying pathogenesis of secondary MEWDS is the exposure of choroidal antigen after the disruption of Bruch’s membrane.The MEWDS-related features in secondary MEWDS are still evanescent under most circumstances.Its prognosis and treatment depend on the severity of complications.Current studies propose that the etiology is associated with immune factors,including viral infection,inflammation in choroid and Bruch’s membrane,and antigen exposure caused by retinal and/or choroidal insults.More pathogenic studies should be conducted in the future.Accurate diagnosis for secondary MEWDS could benefit patients in aspects of management and prognosis.
文摘Dear Editor,We report a case of streaky multifocal choroiditis(SMFC)followed by chickenpox in a girl with asthma under prednison treatment.To our knowledge,this is the first case report of an SMFC followed by chickenpox in a patient with asthma.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271045No.81470642)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.15XD1502800)
文摘We write to present a case report of Hallerrnann-Streiff syndrome （HSS; oculo-mandibulo-dyscephaly withhypotrichosis） with persistent pupillary membranes and cataract absorption.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470642No.81770964)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.17411952900)。
文摘AIM:To introduce a modified technique of internal limiting membrane(ILM)centripetal dragging and peeling to treat idiopathic macular hole(IMH)and to observe the ILM-retina adhesive forces.METHODS:Twenty-six consecutive patients with stage 3 to 4 IMH and followed up at least six months were enrolled.All patients underwent complete par plana vitrectomy,ILM dragging and peeling,fluid and gas exchange,15%C3 F8 tamponade and 2-week prone position.The best corrected visual acuity,macular hole evaluation by optical coherence tomography,and complications were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean diameter of IMH was 524±148μm(range:201-683μm),with 21 cases(80.8%)greater than 400μm.ILM dragging and peeling were successfully performed in all cases.Most of the ILM-retina adhesive forces are severe(42.3%,11/26),followed by mild(38.5%,10/26),and moderate(19.2%,5/26).The mean follow-up duration was 21.2±6.1 mo.The IMH was closed in 25(96.3%)eyes.Visual acuity(logMAR)improved significantly from 1.2±0.6 preoperatively to 0.7±0.5 postoperatively(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Preexisting ILM-retina adhesive force is found in IMH patients.With assistance of this force,this modified technique may help to release the IMH edges and improve the closure rate of large IMH.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770964)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1429700)。
文摘AIM:To determine the etiologies,treatment modalities and visual outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage(VH;range from birth to 18 y).METHODS:A total of 262 eyes from 210 patients between January 2010 and September 2016 were included.All children underwent an appropriate ocular and systemic examination.Data collected included demographics,clinical manifestations,details of the ocular and systemic examination,management details,final fundus anatomy and visual acuity(VA).RESULTS:The most common etiologies were nontraumatic VH(64.89%),most of which were due to retinopathy of prematurity(ROP;37.10%);while traffic accidents,including 16(21.00%)eyes,was the most common ocular traumas.Surgery,performed in 143(54.58%)eyes,was the most common management modality.The initial mean baseline visual acuity was 2.77±0.21 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution(log MAR)in children and adolescent with traumatic VH,which was significantly improved to 2.15±1.31 log MAR(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:VH in children and adolescent has a complicated and diverse etiology.ROP is the primary cause of non-traumatic VH,which is the most common etiology.Appropriate treatment of traumatic VH is associated with obvious improvement in visual acuity.The initial VA is one of most important predictors of outcome.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY13H120004)
文摘AIM:To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor(EGF)on the proliferation and migration of Müller cell line Moorfields/Institute of Ophthalmology-Müller 1(MIO-M1),and its related molecular mechanisms under normal and oxidative stress conditions.METHODS:Müller cells were cultured with different concentrations of EGF in the presence or absence of varied amounts of H2O2and glucose oxidase(GO)which induced oxidative stress.The proliferation and migration of Müller cells were examined by 5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine(BrdU),MTT assay,Transwell assay and scratch wound healing assays.The cell viability was determined with the MTT assay.The secretion of EGF by Müller cells was evaluated by ELISA.Western blot was performed to detect the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)1/2 and Akt signal pathways.RESULTS:EGF stimulated the proliferation and migration of Müller cells in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro.Under oxidative damage condition,2h of pretreatment with 10-100 ng/mL EGF can mostly inhibit 50% lethal dose of 0.08 mmol/L H2O2-induced cell damage.The Western blot results showed that after Müller cells were exposed to varying EGF for 24h,Akt and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated in a dose-dependent manner.In the presence of the LY294002,the potent PI3K inhibitor,the p-Akt was significantly attenuated.CONCLUSION:EGF may induce the proliferation and migration of human Müller cells through the Akt and the ERK1/2 signal pathways,and induce PI3K-mediated glioprotective effect under oxidative stress.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770964)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.17411952900).
文摘AIM:To describe and compare pathologic findings in eyes enucleated after superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy(SOAC)or SOAC with intravenous chemotherapy(IVC)for retinoblastoma.METHODS:Medical records between January 1st,2014 and June 30th,2017 were retrospectively analyzed,and pathologic findings were recorded.This study included 36 eyes from 22(61.1%)male and 14(38.9%)female patients.Nineteen of 36(52.8%)eyes received SOAC(mean=3,range=1-7)as primary treatment,and 17 of 36(47.2%)eyes received SOAC(mean=3.7,range=1-10)after IVC(mean=6.1,range=2-11).Tumor extension including choroidal invasion(n=9,25%),optic nerve invasion(n=5,13.9%)and anterior segment invasion(n=5,13.9%)were recorded.RESULTS:Histopathologic evidence of ischemic damage in the retina and choroid was found in 28(77.8%)eyes.Thrombosed blood vessels were identified in 9(25%)eyes,including orbital artery in the retrobulbar orbit(n=1),intrascleral vessels(n=4),and chorioretinal vessels(n=6).Fibrotic changes were found in extraocular muscles(n=5,13.9%)and optic nerve(n=5,13.9%).Varying degrees of scleral degeneration were found in all eyes.In statistical analysis,there was no significant difference in clinical and pathologic changes between SOAC group and SOAC with IVC group except for optic nerve invasion(P=0.047).CONCLUSION:SOAC for retinoblastoma can result in ocular toxicity,and SOAC with IVC do not increase the toxicity but reduced the incidence of optic nerve invasion.
