In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which partici...In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.Due to their good biocompatibility,accurate targeting,low toxicity and immunogenicity,these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors.Therefore,the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention.Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification,isolation,modification and drug loading.More importantly,we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),osteoarthritis(OA),atherosclerosis(AS),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Finally,we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to explore a modified method for improving the efficiency of RAPD technology. [ Method] Longans collected from Si- chuan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan were used as experimental m...[ Objective] This study aimed to explore a modified method for improving the efficiency of RAPD technology. [ Method] Longans collected from Si- chuan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan were used as experimental materials. Total genomic DNA was extracted from langan leaves with modified CTAB method. 18 random primers were selected for RAPD amplification with ramp rates of 0.3 and 3.0℃/s, respectively. Effects of different ramp rates on RAPD am- plification were compared and the relationship among longan samples was analyzed. [ Result] The resolution and yield could be improved significantly by declining the ramp rate from 3.0 to 0.3℃/s. Cluster analysis showed that similarity coefficient of the five varieties of longan ranged from 0.69 to 0.76. [ Conclusion] This study had confirmed that reducing ramp rate could significantly increase the resolution and yield of RAPD technology, which had provided a new method to improve the efficiency of RAPD.展开更多
Background:Cell replacement therapy has been envisioned as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.Due to the ethical concerns of ESCs-derived neural progenitor cells(NPCs)and tumorigenic potential of iPS...Background:Cell replacement therapy has been envisioned as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.Due to the ethical concerns of ESCs-derived neural progenitor cells(NPCs)and tumorigenic potential of iPSCs,reprogramming of somatic cells directly into multipotent NPCs has emerged as a preferred approach for cell transplantation.Methods:Mouse astrocytes were reprogrammed into NPCs by the overexpression of transcription factors(TFs)Foxg1,Sox2,and Brn2.The generation of subtypes of neurons was directed by the force expression of cell-type specific TFs Lhx8 or Foxa2/Lmx1a.Results:Astrocyte-derived induced NPCs(AiNPCs)share high similarities,including the expression of NPC-specific genes,DNA methylation patterns,the ability to proliferate and differentiate,with the wild type NPCs.The AiNPCs are committed to the forebrain identity and predominantly differentiated into glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal subtypes.Interestingly,additional overexpression of TFs Lhx8 and Foxa2/Lmx1a in AiNPCs promoted cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation,respectively.Conclusions:Our studies suggest that astrocytes can be converted into AiNPCs and lineage-committed AiNPCs can acquire differentiation potential of other lineages through forced expression of specific TFs.Understanding the impact of the TF sets on the reprogramming and differentiation into specific lineages of neurons will provide valuable strategies for astrocyte-based cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
The direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced neural progenitor cells(iNPCs)has been envisioned as a promising approach to overcome ethical and clinical issues of pluripotent stem cell transplantation.We prev...The direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced neural progenitor cells(iNPCs)has been envisioned as a promising approach to overcome ethical and clinical issues of pluripotent stem cell transplantation.We previously reported that astrocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)have more tendencies for neuronal differentiation than fibroblast-derived iPSCs.However,the differences of neurogenic potential between astrocytederived iNPCs(AiNPCs)and iNPCs from non-neural origins,such as fibroblast-derived iNPCs(FiNPCs),and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Our results suggested that AiNPCs exhibited higher differentiation efficiency,mobility and survival capacities,compared to FiNPCs.The whole transcriptome analysis revealed higher activities of TGFβsignaling in AiNPCs,versus FiNPCs,following a similar trend between astrocytes and fibroblasts.The higher neurogenic competence,migration ability,and cell death resistance of AiNPCs could be abrogated using TGFβ signaling inhibitor LY2157299.Hence,our study demonstrates the difference between iNPCs generated from neural and non-neural cells,together with the underlying mechanisms,which,provides valuable information for donor cell selection in the reprogramming approach.展开更多
Boron nitride(BN) nanosheets incorporated silica antireflective(AR) coating was successfully prepared on fused silica substrate to improve the antilaser-damage ability of transmissive optics used in high-power laser s...Boron nitride(BN) nanosheets incorporated silica antireflective(AR) coating was successfully prepared on fused silica substrate to improve the antilaser-damage ability of transmissive optics used in high-power laser systems. The BN nanosheets were obtained by urea assisted solid exfoliation, and then incorporated into basic-catalyzed silica sols without any further treatment. The transmission electron microscope(TEM) images indicated that the BN nanosheets generally consisted of 2–10 layers. The antireflective BN/SiO_2 coating exhibited excellent transmittance as high as 99.89% at351 nm wavelength on fused silica substrate. The thermal conductivity 0.135 W · m^(-1)· K^(-1) of the BN/SiO_2 coating with 10% BN addition was about 23% higher than 0.11 W · m^(-1)· K^(-1) of the pure SiO_2 AR coating. The laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT) of that BN/SiO_2 coating is also 23.1% higher than that of pure SiO_2 AR coating. This research provides a potential application of BN/SiO_2 coatings in high-power laser systems.展开更多
Introduction:Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasms(MPDMN)are recognized as a neoplasm related to fully differentiated pDCs.Although it has been reported for many year...Introduction:Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasms(MPDMN)are recognized as a neoplasm related to fully differentiated pDCs.Although it has been reported for many years,the genomic landscape of MPDMN is poorly understood.Methods:We reported two patients who developed acute myeloid leukemia(French-American-British M5 subtype)coexisted with immunophenotypically mature pDCs proliferation,which fit the diagnosis of MPDMN.We sorted pDCs from myeloid blasts by flow cytometry and performed whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of the two cell populations,respectively.Results:The immunophenotypes of pDCs in both patients were positive for CD123bri,HLA-DR,CD4,CD303,CD304,and negative for CD56,CD34,CD117,and TdT.The variant allele frequency of gene mutations in myeloid blasts and pDCs were similar.The expression data showed myeloid blasts clustered tightly with hematopoietic stem cells,and pDCs from patients clustered tightly with granulocyte-monocyte progenitors/common myeloid progenitor,rather than with pDCs from the GEO platform.Conclusion:Our study suggested that pDCs derived from the leukemic clone,evidenced by a shared mutation profile and similar transcriptional signatures between pDCs and concurrent myeloid blasts.展开更多
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 82170459,2021]Sichuan Science and Technology Program[grant numbers 2022YFH0007,2022]+2 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program[grant numbers 23NSFSC1345,2022]the Key Project of Application and Basic Research of Southwest Medical University[grant numbers 2021ZKZD016,2021]the Special Support Project for Young Talents of Southwest Medical University[grant numbers 2020-2022].
文摘In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.Due to their good biocompatibility,accurate targeting,low toxicity and immunogenicity,these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors.Therefore,the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention.Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification,isolation,modification and drug loading.More importantly,we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),osteoarthritis(OA),atherosclerosis(AS),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Finally,we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to explore a modified method for improving the efficiency of RAPD technology. [ Method] Longans collected from Si- chuan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan were used as experimental materials. Total genomic DNA was extracted from langan leaves with modified CTAB method. 18 random primers were selected for RAPD amplification with ramp rates of 0.3 and 3.0℃/s, respectively. Effects of different ramp rates on RAPD am- plification were compared and the relationship among longan samples was analyzed. [ Result] The resolution and yield could be improved significantly by declining the ramp rate from 3.0 to 0.3℃/s. Cluster analysis showed that similarity coefficient of the five varieties of longan ranged from 0.69 to 0.76. [ Conclusion] This study had confirmed that reducing ramp rate could significantly increase the resolution and yield of RAPD technology, which had provided a new method to improve the efficiency of RAPD.
基金This work was supported in part by research grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 ProgramGrant No.2014CB965001 to JZ)Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81221001 to JZ)+2 种基金Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese,Hong Kong and Macao Young Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81329002 to JZ)the National Institutes of Health:2R56NS041858-15A1(JZ),1R01NS097195-01(JZ),and R03 NS094071-01(YH)the State of Nebraska,DHHS-LB606 Stem Cell 2009-10 to JZ.
文摘Background:Cell replacement therapy has been envisioned as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.Due to the ethical concerns of ESCs-derived neural progenitor cells(NPCs)and tumorigenic potential of iPSCs,reprogramming of somatic cells directly into multipotent NPCs has emerged as a preferred approach for cell transplantation.Methods:Mouse astrocytes were reprogrammed into NPCs by the overexpression of transcription factors(TFs)Foxg1,Sox2,and Brn2.The generation of subtypes of neurons was directed by the force expression of cell-type specific TFs Lhx8 or Foxa2/Lmx1a.Results:Astrocyte-derived induced NPCs(AiNPCs)share high similarities,including the expression of NPC-specific genes,DNA methylation patterns,the ability to proliferate and differentiate,with the wild type NPCs.The AiNPCs are committed to the forebrain identity and predominantly differentiated into glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal subtypes.Interestingly,additional overexpression of TFs Lhx8 and Foxa2/Lmx1a in AiNPCs promoted cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation,respectively.Conclusions:Our studies suggest that astrocytes can be converted into AiNPCs and lineage-committed AiNPCs can acquire differentiation potential of other lineages through forced expression of specific TFs.Understanding the impact of the TF sets on the reprogramming and differentiation into specific lineages of neurons will provide valuable strategies for astrocyte-based cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
基金This work was supported in part by research grants from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830037 to J.Z.)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program Grant No.2014CB965001 to JZ)+5 种基金Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81221001 to JZ)Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese,Hong Kong and Macao Young Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81329002 to JZ)the National Institutes of Health(No.1R01NS097195–01 to JZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81901333 to XX)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.19YF1451700 to XX)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(No.2018 M642087 to XX).
文摘The direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced neural progenitor cells(iNPCs)has been envisioned as a promising approach to overcome ethical and clinical issues of pluripotent stem cell transplantation.We previously reported that astrocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)have more tendencies for neuronal differentiation than fibroblast-derived iPSCs.However,the differences of neurogenic potential between astrocytederived iNPCs(AiNPCs)and iNPCs from non-neural origins,such as fibroblast-derived iNPCs(FiNPCs),and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Our results suggested that AiNPCs exhibited higher differentiation efficiency,mobility and survival capacities,compared to FiNPCs.The whole transcriptome analysis revealed higher activities of TGFβsignaling in AiNPCs,versus FiNPCs,following a similar trend between astrocytes and fibroblasts.The higher neurogenic competence,migration ability,and cell death resistance of AiNPCs could be abrogated using TGFβ signaling inhibitor LY2157299.Hence,our study demonstrates the difference between iNPCs generated from neural and non-neural cells,together with the underlying mechanisms,which,provides valuable information for donor cell selection in the reprogramming approach.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1530148 and 61605188)
文摘Boron nitride(BN) nanosheets incorporated silica antireflective(AR) coating was successfully prepared on fused silica substrate to improve the antilaser-damage ability of transmissive optics used in high-power laser systems. The BN nanosheets were obtained by urea assisted solid exfoliation, and then incorporated into basic-catalyzed silica sols without any further treatment. The transmission electron microscope(TEM) images indicated that the BN nanosheets generally consisted of 2–10 layers. The antireflective BN/SiO_2 coating exhibited excellent transmittance as high as 99.89% at351 nm wavelength on fused silica substrate. The thermal conductivity 0.135 W · m^(-1)· K^(-1) of the BN/SiO_2 coating with 10% BN addition was about 23% higher than 0.11 W · m^(-1)· K^(-1) of the pure SiO_2 AR coating. The laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT) of that BN/SiO_2 coating is also 23.1% higher than that of pure SiO_2 AR coating. This research provides a potential application of BN/SiO_2 coatings in high-power laser systems.
基金was supported in part by State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(81830005)J.W.,National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770181)+3 种基金J.W.,National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0840605)Y.M.,Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(18JCZDJC45000)H.W.,CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2020-I2M-C&T-B-084)H.W.Funders had no role in the study design,analyses,or decision to publish.
文摘Introduction:Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasms(MPDMN)are recognized as a neoplasm related to fully differentiated pDCs.Although it has been reported for many years,the genomic landscape of MPDMN is poorly understood.Methods:We reported two patients who developed acute myeloid leukemia(French-American-British M5 subtype)coexisted with immunophenotypically mature pDCs proliferation,which fit the diagnosis of MPDMN.We sorted pDCs from myeloid blasts by flow cytometry and performed whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of the two cell populations,respectively.Results:The immunophenotypes of pDCs in both patients were positive for CD123bri,HLA-DR,CD4,CD303,CD304,and negative for CD56,CD34,CD117,and TdT.The variant allele frequency of gene mutations in myeloid blasts and pDCs were similar.The expression data showed myeloid blasts clustered tightly with hematopoietic stem cells,and pDCs from patients clustered tightly with granulocyte-monocyte progenitors/common myeloid progenitor,rather than with pDCs from the GEO platform.Conclusion:Our study suggested that pDCs derived from the leukemic clone,evidenced by a shared mutation profile and similar transcriptional signatures between pDCs and concurrent myeloid blasts.
