Background:We investigated the procedures used by medical institutions in Guangdong Province for reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments and analyzed the problems identified in order to improve the quality of cle...Background:We investigated the procedures used by medical institutions in Guangdong Province for reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments and analyzed the problems identified in order to improve the quality of cleaning medical instruments and its management.Methods:The reprocessing of ophthalmic surgical instruments was investigated in 72 hospitals in Guangdong Province using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.Results:Ophthalmic surgical instruments underwent centralized reprocessing in the disinfection and supply centers in 50%of the 72 hospitals.Cataract phacoemulsification surgery was the main ophthalmic surgery performed in 94%of the 72 hospitals.The main reasons for using centralized reprocessing were an insufficient supply of ophthalmic surgical instruments,short turnaround times between surgeries,and the high cost of losing these precise and fragile instruments.Manual processing was the predominant method of reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments;enzyme detergents were used in 63.89%of the hospitals;and 48.61%of the hospitals used N-model small pressure-steam sterilizers for the ophthalmic surgical instruments.Conclusions:In order to improve the quality and management of the cleaning of medical instruments,and guarantee high-quality medical care,the following measures are recommended.Centralized management of ophthalmic surgical instruments should be based on the instruments’characteristics.Pay more attention to reprocessing site locations and staff training.Choose detergents based on manufacturers’instructions for use with specific instruments.Increase the number of available ophthalmic instruments in accordance with their demand and select appropriate small pressure-steam sterilizers.展开更多
Love-suicide （xunqing 殉情） is often hailed as a representative component of the Naxi culture. This article examines how representations of love-suicide have transformed from an obscure social taboo to an invaluable...Love-suicide （xunqing 殉情） is often hailed as a representative component of the Naxi culture. This article examines how representations of love-suicide have transformed from an obscure social taboo to an invaluable Naxi tradition in the last two decades. While Han and Naxi cultural elites aestheticize love-suicide as a cultural symbol of moral sublimity, tourists further transform the discourse into a simultaneously spiritual and erotic experience in which they seek and create their own existential authenticity. The apparent revival is not simply a result of Naxi political resistance to the external regime or a natural return to their ＂authentic＂ culture. It rather marks another tide of radical transformation in a multi-agent and highly commercialized global world within which both minority cultures and tourists＇ identities are transformed.展开更多
Solidly researched, The Conceptual History of ＂Humanism ＂in Modern China中国＂人文主义＂的概念史is an innovative and comprehensive study of the history of the ＂humanism＂ as a concept in modern China.
文摘Background:We investigated the procedures used by medical institutions in Guangdong Province for reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments and analyzed the problems identified in order to improve the quality of cleaning medical instruments and its management.Methods:The reprocessing of ophthalmic surgical instruments was investigated in 72 hospitals in Guangdong Province using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.Results:Ophthalmic surgical instruments underwent centralized reprocessing in the disinfection and supply centers in 50%of the 72 hospitals.Cataract phacoemulsification surgery was the main ophthalmic surgery performed in 94%of the 72 hospitals.The main reasons for using centralized reprocessing were an insufficient supply of ophthalmic surgical instruments,short turnaround times between surgeries,and the high cost of losing these precise and fragile instruments.Manual processing was the predominant method of reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments;enzyme detergents were used in 63.89%of the hospitals;and 48.61%of the hospitals used N-model small pressure-steam sterilizers for the ophthalmic surgical instruments.Conclusions:In order to improve the quality and management of the cleaning of medical instruments,and guarantee high-quality medical care,the following measures are recommended.Centralized management of ophthalmic surgical instruments should be based on the instruments’characteristics.Pay more attention to reprocessing site locations and staff training.Choose detergents based on manufacturers’instructions for use with specific instruments.Increase the number of available ophthalmic instruments in accordance with their demand and select appropriate small pressure-steam sterilizers.
文摘Love-suicide （xunqing 殉情） is often hailed as a representative component of the Naxi culture. This article examines how representations of love-suicide have transformed from an obscure social taboo to an invaluable Naxi tradition in the last two decades. While Han and Naxi cultural elites aestheticize love-suicide as a cultural symbol of moral sublimity, tourists further transform the discourse into a simultaneously spiritual and erotic experience in which they seek and create their own existential authenticity. The apparent revival is not simply a result of Naxi political resistance to the external regime or a natural return to their ＂authentic＂ culture. It rather marks another tide of radical transformation in a multi-agent and highly commercialized global world within which both minority cultures and tourists＇ identities are transformed.
文摘Solidly researched, The Conceptual History of ＂Humanism ＂in Modern China中国＂人文主义＂的概念史is an innovative and comprehensive study of the history of the ＂humanism＂ as a concept in modern China.
