Purpose: The surgical risk and complication rate after cataract surgery are extremely high in patients with nanophthalmos.This study is designed to compare the visual and refractive outcomes before and after coaxial m...Purpose: The surgical risk and complication rate after cataract surgery are extremely high in patients with nanophthalmos.This study is designed to compare the visual and refractive outcomes before and after coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and evaluate postoperative complications.Methods:.Fifty nine patients(89 eyes) with axial length(AL)< 21 mm diagnosed with nanophthalmos were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and IOL implantation..The main outcome measures included anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(A CA), intraocular pressure(IOP) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA). Wilcoxon signed rank test or Mann-Whitney test,and Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical tests as appropriate.Results:.The median AL was 19.63 mm...Sixty-six eyes(74.16%) had a history of surgical intervention. Postoperative ACD, ACV and ACA were increased significantly(all P<0.001),whereas postoperative IOP was decreased significantly.(P <0.001) after surgery. Previous surgical intervention was related to a reduction in the postoperative ACD and ACA(P<0.01),and both preoperative and postoperative IOP.(P <0.001).Postoperative BCVA was improved in 94.38% of the cases.Intraoperative complications mainly included iridoschisis(6eyes, 6.74%). Early postoperative complications included temporary corneal edema(TCE)(23 eyes, 25.84%), anterior inflammatory response(AIR)(19 eyes, 21.35%), cystoid macular edema(CME)(14 eyes, 15.73%), and uveal effusion(4 eyes, 4.49%). Late postoperative complications included CME(8 eyes, 8.99%), uveal effusion(8 eyes, 8.99%),malignant glaucoma(2 eyes, 2.25%) and posterior capsular opacification(PCO)(10 eyes, 11.24%). The majority of complications(80%) were successfully resolved by pharmacotherapy or operation. The risk of surgical complications was greater in patients with lower AL,ACD,ACV or ACA andhigher nuclear hardness or mean keratometry(Km).Conclusion: With reasonable preoperative management, prudent selection of the lens,.rigorous surgical technique and unerring cognition of potential complications, coaxial microincision phacoemulsification lens surgery can be performed in patients with nanophthalmos and yield favorable outcomes and a low incidence of complications.展开更多
During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to ...During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.展开更多
Phage-microbe interactions are appealing systems to study coevolution,and have also been increasingly emphasized due to their roles in human health,disease,and the development of novel therapeutics.Phage-microbe inter...Phage-microbe interactions are appealing systems to study coevolution,and have also been increasingly emphasized due to their roles in human health,disease,and the development of novel therapeutics.Phage-microbe interactions leave diverse signals in bacterial and phage genomic sequences,defined as phage-host interaction signals(PHISs),which include clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)targeting,prophage,and protein-protein interaction signals.In the present study,we developed a novel tool phage-host interaction signal detector(PHISDetector)to predict phage-host interactions by detecting and integrating diverse in silico PHISs,and scoring the probability of phage-host interactions using machine learning models based on PHIS features.We evaluated the performance of PHISDetector on multiple benchmark datasets and application cases.When tested on a dataset of 758 annotated phage-host pairs,PHISDetector yields the prediction accuracies of 0.51 and 0.73 at the species and genus levels,respectively,outperforming other phage-host prediction tools.When applied to 125,842 metagenomic viral contigs(mVCs)derived from 3042 geographically diverse samples,a detection rate of 54.54% could be achieved.Furthermore,PHISDetector could predict infecting phages for 85.6% of 368 multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacteria and 30% of 454 human gut bacteria obtained from the National Institutes of Health(NIH)Human Microbiome Project(HMP).The PHISDetector can be run either as a web server(http://www.microbiome-bigdata.com/PHISDetector/)for general users to study individual inputs or as a stand-alone version(https://github.com/HITImmunologyLab/PHISDetector)to process massive phage contigs from virome studies.展开更多
Using a sample of A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges,this study examines the impact of voluntary corporate social responsibility(CSR)disclosure on independent audit demand in differe...Using a sample of A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges,this study examines the impact of voluntary corporate social responsibility(CSR)disclosure on independent audit demand in different institutional environments.The sample covers the 2008–2016 period and excludes firms that are required to disclose CSR information.The findings show that compared with companies that choose to not disclose such information,companies that voluntarily disclose CSR information prefer to employ‘‘small"accounting firms for auditing services,although the auditing fees are much higher.However,as the institutional environment improves,this preference is weakened.Further analyses show that this preference is stronger in enterprises where CSR disclosure is driven by strong political motivations and managerial self-interest motivations.Legitimate motivations and economic motivations do not significantly impact the preference for‘‘small"audit firms.Furthermore,this preference is more obvious in enterprises with poor operational performance and low information disclosure quality,and it increases as CSR disclosure level decreases.The study enriches our understanding of the economic consequences of voluntary CSR disclosure and the factors that influence independent audit demand.The results also have implications for the construction and regulation of China’s system for supervising CSR information disclosure in the transitional phase.展开更多
The conversion of the normal cellular prion protein(PrP^C) to the misfolded pathogenic scrapie prion protein(Pr PSc) is the biochemical hallmark of prion replication. So far, various chemical compounds that inhibit th...The conversion of the normal cellular prion protein(PrP^C) to the misfolded pathogenic scrapie prion protein(Pr PSc) is the biochemical hallmark of prion replication. So far, various chemical compounds that inhibit this conformational conversion have been identified. Here, we report the novel anti-prion activity of SGI-1027 and its meta/meta analogue(M/M), previously known only as potent inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs). These compounds effectively decreased the level of Pr PSc in cultured cells with permanent prion infection, without affecting PrP^Cat the transcriptional or translational levels. Furthermore, SGI-1027 prevented effective prion infection of the cells. In a Pr P aggregation assay, both SGI-1027 and M/M blocked the formation of misfolded Pr P aggregates, implying that binding of these compounds hinders the Pr P conversion process. A series of binding and docking analyses demonstrated that both SGI-1027 and M/M directly interacted with the C-terminal globular domain of PrP^C, but only SGI-1027 bound to a specific region of PrP^C with high affinity, which correlates with its potent antiprion efficacy. Therefore, we report SGI-1027 and related compounds as a novel class of potential antiprion agents that preferentially function through direct interaction with PrP^C.展开更多
文摘Purpose: The surgical risk and complication rate after cataract surgery are extremely high in patients with nanophthalmos.This study is designed to compare the visual and refractive outcomes before and after coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and evaluate postoperative complications.Methods:.Fifty nine patients(89 eyes) with axial length(AL)< 21 mm diagnosed with nanophthalmos were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and IOL implantation..The main outcome measures included anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(A CA), intraocular pressure(IOP) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA). Wilcoxon signed rank test or Mann-Whitney test,and Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical tests as appropriate.Results:.The median AL was 19.63 mm...Sixty-six eyes(74.16%) had a history of surgical intervention. Postoperative ACD, ACV and ACA were increased significantly(all P<0.001),whereas postoperative IOP was decreased significantly.(P <0.001) after surgery. Previous surgical intervention was related to a reduction in the postoperative ACD and ACA(P<0.01),and both preoperative and postoperative IOP.(P <0.001).Postoperative BCVA was improved in 94.38% of the cases.Intraoperative complications mainly included iridoschisis(6eyes, 6.74%). Early postoperative complications included temporary corneal edema(TCE)(23 eyes, 25.84%), anterior inflammatory response(AIR)(19 eyes, 21.35%), cystoid macular edema(CME)(14 eyes, 15.73%), and uveal effusion(4 eyes, 4.49%). Late postoperative complications included CME(8 eyes, 8.99%), uveal effusion(8 eyes, 8.99%),malignant glaucoma(2 eyes, 2.25%) and posterior capsular opacification(PCO)(10 eyes, 11.24%). The majority of complications(80%) were successfully resolved by pharmacotherapy or operation. The risk of surgical complications was greater in patients with lower AL,ACD,ACV or ACA andhigher nuclear hardness or mean keratometry(Km).Conclusion: With reasonable preoperative management, prudent selection of the lens,.rigorous surgical technique and unerring cognition of potential complications, coaxial microincision phacoemulsification lens surgery can be performed in patients with nanophthalmos and yield favorable outcomes and a low incidence of complications.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41721005the COMRA Program of China under contract No.DY135-E2-2-03the Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Program of China under contract Nos CHINARE2017-01-04-03 and CHINARE2017-04-01-06
文摘During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31825008,31422014,and 61872117).
文摘Phage-microbe interactions are appealing systems to study coevolution,and have also been increasingly emphasized due to their roles in human health,disease,and the development of novel therapeutics.Phage-microbe interactions leave diverse signals in bacterial and phage genomic sequences,defined as phage-host interaction signals(PHISs),which include clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)targeting,prophage,and protein-protein interaction signals.In the present study,we developed a novel tool phage-host interaction signal detector(PHISDetector)to predict phage-host interactions by detecting and integrating diverse in silico PHISs,and scoring the probability of phage-host interactions using machine learning models based on PHIS features.We evaluated the performance of PHISDetector on multiple benchmark datasets and application cases.When tested on a dataset of 758 annotated phage-host pairs,PHISDetector yields the prediction accuracies of 0.51 and 0.73 at the species and genus levels,respectively,outperforming other phage-host prediction tools.When applied to 125,842 metagenomic viral contigs(mVCs)derived from 3042 geographically diverse samples,a detection rate of 54.54% could be achieved.Furthermore,PHISDetector could predict infecting phages for 85.6% of 368 multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacteria and 30% of 454 human gut bacteria obtained from the National Institutes of Health(NIH)Human Microbiome Project(HMP).The PHISDetector can be run either as a web server(http://www.microbiome-bigdata.com/PHISDetector/)for general users to study individual inputs or as a stand-alone version(https://github.com/HITImmunologyLab/PHISDetector)to process massive phage contigs from virome studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71902038)the Institute of Capital Market and Audit Governance Studies for the Great Bay Area(Guangdong,Hong-Kong,Macao)of GDUFE of China(2019yb03).
文摘Using a sample of A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges,this study examines the impact of voluntary corporate social responsibility(CSR)disclosure on independent audit demand in different institutional environments.The sample covers the 2008–2016 period and excludes firms that are required to disclose CSR information.The findings show that compared with companies that choose to not disclose such information,companies that voluntarily disclose CSR information prefer to employ‘‘small"accounting firms for auditing services,although the auditing fees are much higher.However,as the institutional environment improves,this preference is weakened.Further analyses show that this preference is stronger in enterprises where CSR disclosure is driven by strong political motivations and managerial self-interest motivations.Legitimate motivations and economic motivations do not significantly impact the preference for‘‘small"audit firms.Furthermore,this preference is more obvious in enterprises with poor operational performance and low information disclosure quality,and it increases as CSR disclosure level decreases.The study enriches our understanding of the economic consequences of voluntary CSR disclosure and the factors that influence independent audit demand.The results also have implications for the construction and regulation of China’s system for supervising CSR information disclosure in the transitional phase.
基金supported by thegrants from Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2013R1A1A2011210)Undergraduate Research Program(URP)through Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Creativity(2017030080)+1 种基金supported by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(HI16C1085 and HI16C0965)the research and development funds of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GK10010,Korea)
文摘The conversion of the normal cellular prion protein(PrP^C) to the misfolded pathogenic scrapie prion protein(Pr PSc) is the biochemical hallmark of prion replication. So far, various chemical compounds that inhibit this conformational conversion have been identified. Here, we report the novel anti-prion activity of SGI-1027 and its meta/meta analogue(M/M), previously known only as potent inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs). These compounds effectively decreased the level of Pr PSc in cultured cells with permanent prion infection, without affecting PrP^Cat the transcriptional or translational levels. Furthermore, SGI-1027 prevented effective prion infection of the cells. In a Pr P aggregation assay, both SGI-1027 and M/M blocked the formation of misfolded Pr P aggregates, implying that binding of these compounds hinders the Pr P conversion process. A series of binding and docking analyses demonstrated that both SGI-1027 and M/M directly interacted with the C-terminal globular domain of PrP^C, but only SGI-1027 bound to a specific region of PrP^C with high affinity, which correlates with its potent antiprion efficacy. Therefore, we report SGI-1027 and related compounds as a novel class of potential antiprion agents that preferentially function through direct interaction with PrP^C.
