Plant height(PH)is an essential trait in maize(Zea mays)that is tightly associated with planting density,biomass,lodging resistance,and grain yield in the field.Dissecting the dynamics of maize plant architecture will...Plant height(PH)is an essential trait in maize(Zea mays)that is tightly associated with planting density,biomass,lodging resistance,and grain yield in the field.Dissecting the dynamics of maize plant architecture will be beneficial for ideotype-based maize breeding and prediction,as the genetic basis controlling PH in maize remains largely unknown.In this study,we developed an automated high-throughput phenotyping platform(HTP)to systematically and noninvasively quantify 77 image-based traits(i-traits)and 20 field traits(f-traits)for 228 maize inbred lines across all developmental stages.Time-resolved i-traits with novel digital phenotypes and complex correlations with agronomic traits were characterized to reveal the dynamics of maize growth.An i-trait-based genome-wide association study identified 4945 traitassociated SNPs,2603 genetic loci,and 1974 corresponding candidate genes.We found that rapid growth of maize plants occurs mainly at two developmental stages,stage 2(S2)to S3 and S5 to S6,accounting for the final PH indicators.By integrating the PH-association network with the transcriptome profiles of specific internodes,we revealed 13 hub genes that may play vital roles during rapid growth.The candidate genes and novel i-traits identified at multiple growth stages may be used as potential indicators for final PH in maize.One candidate gene,ZmVATE,was functionally validated and shown to regulate PH-related traits in maize using genetic mutation.Furthermore,machine learning was used to build predictive models for final PH based on i-traits,and their performancewas assessed across developmental stages.Moderate,strong,and very strong correlations between predictions and experimental datasets were achieved from the early S4(tenth-leaf)stage.Colletively,our study provides a valuable tool for dissecting the spatiotemporal formation of specific internodes and the genetic architecture of PH,as well as resources and predictive models that are useful for molecular design breeding and predicting maize varieties with ideal plant architectures.展开更多
Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals.They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic losses.Biofortification of m...Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals.They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic losses.Biofortification of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating malnutrition.The challenge,however,is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for humans.Here,we summarize the major progress about vitamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing environment.We discuss the interactions among vitamins as well as possible strategies for vitamin biofortification.Finally,we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops,thereby alleviating the hidden hunger of target populations.展开更多
PD-L1 plays an important role in inhibiting T-cell activity and driving tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by binding its ligand,PD-1,on T cells.1 Several intracellular and extracellular factors,such as interf...PD-L1 plays an important role in inhibiting T-cell activity and driving tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by binding its ligand,PD-1,on T cells.1 Several intracellular and extracellular factors,such as interferon-γ(IFN-γ),MYC,transforming growth factorβ,and miR-200,may modulate PD-L1 expression by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.展开更多
As essential B vitamin for humans, folates accumulation in edible parts of crops, such as maize kernels, Is of great importance for human health. But its breeding is always limited by the prohibitive cost of folate pr...As essential B vitamin for humans, folates accumulation in edible parts of crops, such as maize kernels, Is of great importance for human health. But its breeding is always limited by the prohibitive cost of folate profiling. The molecular breeding is a more executable and efficient way for folate fortification, but is limited by the molecular knowledge of folate regulation. Here we report the genetic mapping of folate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a segregated population crossed by two maize lines, one high in folate (GEMS31) and the other low in folate (DAN3130). Two folate QTLs on chromosome 5 were obtained by the combination of F2 whole-exome sequencing and F3 kernel-folate profiling. These two QTLs had been confirmed by bulk segregant analysis using F6 pooled DNA and F7 kernel-folate profiling, and were overlapped with QTLs identified by another segregated population. These two QTLs contributed 41.6% of phenotypic variation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the most abundant storage form among folate derivatives in dry maize grains, in the GEMS31×DAN3130 population. Their fine mapping and functional analysis will reveal details of folate metabolism, and provide a basis for marker-assisted breeding aimed at the enrichment of folates in maize kernels.展开更多
(Molecular Plant 14(1):40–60;January 2021;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.019)In the"Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding"section of this article(page 49),the surname of one reference was wrongly provi...(Molecular Plant 14(1):40–60;January 2021;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.019)In the"Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding"section of this article(page 49),the surname of one reference was wrongly provided."citrus(Hou et al.,2019)"should be corrected as"citrus(Zheng et al.,2019)".In the"REFERENCES"section of this article(page 55),the same reference should be corrected from"Hou,X.,Tang,Y.,Ye,J.,Pan,Z,Tan,M.,Xie,M.,Xie,Z.,Chia,L.,Xu,Q.,Fraser,P.D.,and Deng,X.(2019).SLAF-based construction of a high-density genetic map and its application in QTL mapping of carotenoids content in Citrus fruit.J.Agric.Food Chem.,67,994-1002."to"Zheng,X.,Tang,Y.,Ye,J.,Pan,Z,Tan,M.,Xie,Z.,Chai,L.,Xu,Q.,Fraser,P.D.,and Deng,X.(2019).SLAF-based construction of a high-density genetic map and its application in QTL mapping of carotenoids content in Citrus fruit.J.Agric.Food Chem.,67,994-1002.".展开更多
Tachyplesin gene was designed and chemically synthesized with codon usage bias. The stop codon TAG and some restriction sites convenient for further cloning were added to this gene. The synthesized gene cloned into ye...Tachyplesin gene was designed and chemically synthesized with codon usage bias. The stop codon TAG and some restriction sites convenient for further cloning were added to this gene. The synthesized gene cloned into yeast expression vector pPIC9 (with α_secretion signal) was transformed into host strain GS115 by electroporation. The tachyplesin expressed from recombinants Y PIC27 and Y PIC42 showed an inhibition activity against the germination of the spores of \%Magnaporthe grisea\%. Southern blot performed with chromosome genome of the two recombinants indicated a single copy of the expression cassette was integrated at the chromosomal AOX 1 locus by which the genomic AOX 1 gene was functionally disrupted and Northern blot showed the presence of transcripts of the tachyplesin gene.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （grant number 30470173）. The plant expression vector was kindly provided by Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology （VIB）, Belgium.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000301 and 2021YFF1000304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172091)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100103)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202109 and Y2020PT06)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202004)the 2020 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SKJC-2020-02-005)the Nanfan special project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YBXM15).
文摘Plant height(PH)is an essential trait in maize(Zea mays)that is tightly associated with planting density,biomass,lodging resistance,and grain yield in the field.Dissecting the dynamics of maize plant architecture will be beneficial for ideotype-based maize breeding and prediction,as the genetic basis controlling PH in maize remains largely unknown.In this study,we developed an automated high-throughput phenotyping platform(HTP)to systematically and noninvasively quantify 77 image-based traits(i-traits)and 20 field traits(f-traits)for 228 maize inbred lines across all developmental stages.Time-resolved i-traits with novel digital phenotypes and complex correlations with agronomic traits were characterized to reveal the dynamics of maize growth.An i-trait-based genome-wide association study identified 4945 traitassociated SNPs,2603 genetic loci,and 1974 corresponding candidate genes.We found that rapid growth of maize plants occurs mainly at two developmental stages,stage 2(S2)to S3 and S5 to S6,accounting for the final PH indicators.By integrating the PH-association network with the transcriptome profiles of specific internodes,we revealed 13 hub genes that may play vital roles during rapid growth.The candidate genes and novel i-traits identified at multiple growth stages may be used as potential indicators for final PH in maize.One candidate gene,ZmVATE,was functionally validated and shown to regulate PH-related traits in maize using genetic mutation.Furthermore,machine learning was used to build predictive models for final PH based on i-traits,and their performancewas assessed across developmental stages.Moderate,strong,and very strong correlations between predictions and experimental datasets were achieved from the early S4(tenth-leaf)stage.Colletively,our study provides a valuable tool for dissecting the spatiotemporal formation of specific internodes and the genetic architecture of PH,as well as resources and predictive models that are useful for molecular design breeding and predicting maize varieties with ideal plant architectures.
基金This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,China(2016YFD0100503 to L.J.)Ghent University Special Research Fund,Belgium(BOF-GOA18-042 to D.V.D.S.)+3 种基金Research Foundation Flanders,Belgium(3G012609 to D.V.D.S.)Ghent University Research Council,Belgium(BOF-PDOC to S.S.)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31870283 to L.J.)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(ZDRW202010 to C.Z).
文摘Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals.They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic losses.Biofortification of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating malnutrition.The challenge,however,is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for humans.Here,we summarize the major progress about vitamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing environment.We discuss the interactions among vitamins as well as possible strategies for vitamin biofortification.Finally,we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops,thereby alleviating the hidden hunger of target populations.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund(81972617 and 81772948).
文摘PD-L1 plays an important role in inhibiting T-cell activity and driving tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by binding its ligand,PD-1,on T cells.1 Several intracellular and extracellular factors,such as interferon-γ(IFN-γ),MYC,transforming growth factorβ,and miR-200,may modulate PD-L1 expression by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFD0100503 to L.J.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870283 to L.J.)+1 种基金Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program (Z20180103 to L.J.)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6172032 to B.W.)
文摘As essential B vitamin for humans, folates accumulation in edible parts of crops, such as maize kernels, Is of great importance for human health. But its breeding is always limited by the prohibitive cost of folate profiling. The molecular breeding is a more executable and efficient way for folate fortification, but is limited by the molecular knowledge of folate regulation. Here we report the genetic mapping of folate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a segregated population crossed by two maize lines, one high in folate (GEMS31) and the other low in folate (DAN3130). Two folate QTLs on chromosome 5 were obtained by the combination of F2 whole-exome sequencing and F3 kernel-folate profiling. These two QTLs had been confirmed by bulk segregant analysis using F6 pooled DNA and F7 kernel-folate profiling, and were overlapped with QTLs identified by another segregated population. These two QTLs contributed 41.6% of phenotypic variation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the most abundant storage form among folate derivatives in dry maize grains, in the GEMS31×DAN3130 population. Their fine mapping and functional analysis will reveal details of folate metabolism, and provide a basis for marker-assisted breeding aimed at the enrichment of folates in maize kernels.
文摘(Molecular Plant 14(1):40–60;January 2021;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.019)In the"Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding"section of this article(page 49),the surname of one reference was wrongly provided."citrus(Hou et al.,2019)"should be corrected as"citrus(Zheng et al.,2019)".In the"REFERENCES"section of this article(page 55),the same reference should be corrected from"Hou,X.,Tang,Y.,Ye,J.,Pan,Z,Tan,M.,Xie,M.,Xie,Z.,Chia,L.,Xu,Q.,Fraser,P.D.,and Deng,X.(2019).SLAF-based construction of a high-density genetic map and its application in QTL mapping of carotenoids content in Citrus fruit.J.Agric.Food Chem.,67,994-1002."to"Zheng,X.,Tang,Y.,Ye,J.,Pan,Z,Tan,M.,Xie,Z.,Chai,L.,Xu,Q.,Fraser,P.D.,and Deng,X.(2019).SLAF-based construction of a high-density genetic map and its application in QTL mapping of carotenoids content in Citrus fruit.J.Agric.Food Chem.,67,994-1002.".
文摘Tachyplesin gene was designed and chemically synthesized with codon usage bias. The stop codon TAG and some restriction sites convenient for further cloning were added to this gene. The synthesized gene cloned into yeast expression vector pPIC9 (with α_secretion signal) was transformed into host strain GS115 by electroporation. The tachyplesin expressed from recombinants Y PIC27 and Y PIC42 showed an inhibition activity against the germination of the spores of \%Magnaporthe grisea\%. Southern blot performed with chromosome genome of the two recombinants indicated a single copy of the expression cassette was integrated at the chromosomal AOX 1 locus by which the genomic AOX 1 gene was functionally disrupted and Northern blot showed the presence of transcripts of the tachyplesin gene.
