Non-flow aqueous zinc-bromine batteries without auxiliary components(e.g.,pumps,pipes,storage tanks)and ion-selective membranes represent a cost-effective and promising technology for large-scale energy storage.Unfort...Non-flow aqueous zinc-bromine batteries without auxiliary components(e.g.,pumps,pipes,storage tanks)and ion-selective membranes represent a cost-effective and promising technology for large-scale energy storage.Unfortunately,they generally suffer from serious diffusion and shuttle of polybromide(Br^(-),Br^(3-))due to the weak physical adsorption between soluble polybromide and host carbon materials,which results in low energy efficiency and poor cycling stability.Here,we develop a novel self-capture organic bromine material(1,10-bis[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium bromine,NVBr4)to successfully realize reversible solid complexation of bromide components for stable non-flow zinc-bromine battery applications.The quaternary ammonium groups(NV^(4+)ions)can effectively capture the soluble polybromide species based on strong chemical interaction and realize reversible solid complexation confined within the porous electrodes,which transforms the conventional“liquid-liquid”conversion of soluble bromide components into“liquid-solid”model and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect.Thereby,the developed non-flow zinc-bromide battery provides an outstanding voltage platform at 1.7 V with a notable specific capacity of 325 mAh g^(-1)NVBr4(1 A g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(200 mAh g^(-1)NVBr4 at 20 A g^(-1)),outstanding energy density of 469.6 Wh kg^(-1)and super-stable cycle life(20,000 cycles with 100%Coulombic efficiency),which outperforms most of reported zinc-halogen batteries.Further mechanism analysis and DFT calculations demonstrate that the chemical interaction of quaternary ammonium groups and bromide species is the main reason for suppressing the shuttle effect.The developed strategy can be extended to other halogen batteries to obtain stable charge storage.展开更多
Recently,rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries using manganese oxide as the cathode(e.g.,MnO_(2))have gained attention due to their inherent safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.Despite their potential,a...Recently,rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries using manganese oxide as the cathode(e.g.,MnO_(2))have gained attention due to their inherent safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.Despite their potential,achieving high energy density in Zn||MnO_(2)batteries remains challenging,highlighting the need to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanisms underlying these batteries more deeply and optimize battery components,including electrodes and electrolytes.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements for understanding the electrochemistry reaction mechanisms and designing electrodes and electrolytes for Zn||MnO_(2)batteries in mildly and strongly acidic environments.Furthermore,we highlight the key challenges hindering the extensive application of Zn||MnO_(2)batteries,including high-voltage requirements and areal capacity,and propose innovative solutions to overcome these challenges.We suggest that MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)conversion in neutral electrolytes is a crucial aspect that needs to be addressed to achieve high-performance Zn||MnO_(2)batteries.These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in the future development of Zn||MnO_(2)batteries,off ering a more sustainable,costeff ective,and high-performance alternative to traditional batteries.展开更多
Co-N-C is a promising oxygen electrochemical catalyst due to its high stability and good durability.However,due to the limited adsorption ability improvement for oxygen-containing intermediates,it usually exhibits ina...Co-N-C is a promising oxygen electrochemical catalyst due to its high stability and good durability.However,due to the limited adsorption ability improvement for oxygen-containing intermediates,it usually exhibits inadequate catalytic activity with 2-electron pathway and high selectivity of hydrogen peroxide.Herein,the adsorption of Co-N-C to these intermediates is modulated by constructing heterostructures using transition metals and their derivatives based on d-band theory.The heterostructured nanobelts with MoC core and pomegranate-like carbon shell consisting of Co nanoparticles and N dopant(MoC/Co-N-C)are engineered to successfully modulate the d band center of active Co-N-C sites,resulting in a remarkably enhanced electrocatalysis performance.The optimally performing MoC/Co-N-C exhibits outstanding bi-catalytic activity and stability for the oxygen electrochemistry,featuring a high wave-half potential of 0.865 V for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and low overpotential of 370 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 10 mA cm^(-2).The zinc air batteries with the MoC/Co-N-C catalyst demonstrate a large power density of 180 mW cm^(-2)and a long cycling lifespan(2000 cycles).The density functional theory calculations with Hubbard correction(DFT+U)reveal the electron transferring from Co to Mo atoms that effectively modulate the d band center of the active Co sites and achieve optimum adsorption ability with"single site double adsorption"mode.展开更多
Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-Cs),particularly Fe-N-Cs,have been found to be electroactive for accelerating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although substantial efforts have been devoted to des...Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-Cs),particularly Fe-N-Cs,have been found to be electroactive for accelerating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although substantial efforts have been devoted to design Fe-N-Cs with increased active species content,surface area,and electronic conductivity,their performance is still far from satisfactory.Hitherto,there is limited research about regulation on the electronic spin states of Fe centers for Fe-N-Cs electrocatalysts to improve their catalytic performance.Here,we introduce Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene with sulfur terminals to regulate the electronic configuration of FeN_(4) species and dramatically enhance catalytic activity toward ORR.The MXene with sulfur terminals induce the spin-state transition of FeN_(4) species and Fe 3d electron delocalization with d band center upshift,enabling the Fe(II)ions to bind oxygen in the end-on adsorption mode favorable to initiate the reduction of oxygen and boosting oxygen-containing groups adsorption on FeN_(4) species and ORR kinetics.The resulting FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx exhibits comparable catalytic performance to those of commercial Pt-C.The developed wearable ZABs using FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx also exhibit fast kinetics and excellent stability.This study confirms that regulation of the electronic structure of active species via coupling with their support can be a major contributor to enhance their catalytic activity.展开更多
Self-charging power systems collecting energy harvesting technology and batteries are attracting extensive attention.To solve the disadvantages of the traditional integrated system,such as highly dependent on energy s...Self-charging power systems collecting energy harvesting technology and batteries are attracting extensive attention.To solve the disadvantages of the traditional integrated system,such as highly dependent on energy supply and complex structure,an airrechargeable Zn battery based on MoS_(2)/PANI cathode is reported.Benefited from the excellent conductivity desolvation shield of PANI,the MoS_(2)/PANI cathode exhibits ultra-high capacity(304.98 mAh g^(−1) in N_(2) and 351.25 mAh g^(−1) in air).In particular,this battery has the ability to collect,convert and store energy simultaneously by an airrechargeable process of the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and O2 from air.The air-rechargeable Zn batteries display a high open-circuit voltage(1.15 V),an unforgettable discharge capacity(316.09 mAh g^(−1) and the air-rechargeable depth is 89.99%)and good air-recharging stability(291.22 mAh g^(−1) after 50 air recharging/galvanostatic current discharge cycle).Most importantly,both our quasi-solid zinc ion batteries and batteries modules have excellent performance and practicability.This work will provide a promising research direction for the material design and device assembly of the next-generation self-powered system.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are urgently required for achieving practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) but remain plagued by low ionic conductivity.Herein,we propose a strategy of salt polar...Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are urgently required for achieving practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) but remain plagued by low ionic conductivity.Herein,we propose a strategy of salt polarization to fabricate a highly ion-conductive SPE by employing a high-dielectric polymer that can interact strongly with lithium salts.Such a polymer with large dipole moments can guide lithium cations (Li^(+)) to be arranged along the chain,forming a continuous pathway for Li^(+) hopping within the SPE.The as-fabricated SPE,poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)-LiN(SO_(2)F)_(2)(LiFSI),has an extraordinarily high dielectric constant (up to 10^(8)) and ultrahigh ionic conductivity (0.77×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)).Based on the PVDF–LiFSI SPE,the assembled Li metal symmetrical cell shows excellent Li plating/stripping reversibility at 0.1 m A cm^(-2),0.1 m Ah cm^(-2)over 1500 h^(-1) the ASS LiFePO_(4) batteries deliver long-term cycling stability at 1 C over 350 cycles (2.74 mg cm^(-2)) and an ultralong cycling lifespan of over 2600 h(100 cycles) with high loading (11.5 mg cm^(-2)) at 28°C.First-principles calculations further reveal the ion-dipole interactions-controlled conduction of Li^(+) in PVDF–LiFSI SPE along the PVDF chain.This work highlights the critical role of dielectric permittivity in SPE,and provides a promising path towards high-energy,long-cycling lifespan ASSLMBs.展开更多
The increasing demands for wearable electronics have stimulated the rapid development of flexible energy storage devices.MXenes are considered as promising flexible electrodes due to the ultrahigh volumetric specific ...The increasing demands for wearable electronics have stimulated the rapid development of flexible energy storage devices.MXenes are considered as promising flexible electrodes due to the ultrahigh volumetric specific capacitance,metallic conductivity,superior hydrophily,and rich surface chemistry.展开更多
Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes...Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.展开更多
As promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries,metal sulfides ubiquitously suffer from low-rate and high-plateau issues,greatly hindering their application in full-cells.Herein,exemplifying carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-string...As promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries,metal sulfides ubiquitously suffer from low-rate and high-plateau issues,greatly hindering their application in full-cells.Herein,exemplifying carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-stringed metal sulfides superstructure(CSC)assembled by nano-dispersed SnS_(2) and CoS_(2) phases,cocktail mediation effect similar to that of high-entropy materials is initially studied in ether-based electrolyte to solve the challenges.The high nano-dispersity of metal sulfides in CSC anode underlies the cocktail-like mediation effect,enabling the circumvention of intrinsic drawbacks of different metal sulfides.By utilizing ether-based electrolyte,the reversibility of metal sulfides is greatly improved,sustaining a long-life effectivity of cocktail-like mediation.As such,CSC effectively overcomes low-rate flaw of SnS_(2) and highplateau demerit of CoS_(2),simultaneously realizes a high rate and a low plateau.In half-cells,CSC delivers an ultrahigh-rate capability of 327.6 mAh g^(−1) anode at 20 A g^(−1),far outperforming those of monometallic sulfides(SnS_(2),CoS_(2))and their mixtures.Compared with CoS_(2) phase and SnS_(2)/CoS_(2) mixture,CSC shows remarkably lowered average charge voltage up to ca.0.62 V.As-assembled CSC//Na1.5VPO4.8F0.7 full-cell shows a good rate capability(0.05~1.0 A g^(−1),120.3 mAh g^(−1) electrode at 0.05 A g^(−1))and a high average discharge voltage up to 2.57 V,comparable to full-cells with alloy-type anodes.Kinetics analysis verifies that the cocktail-like mediation effect largely boosts the charge transfer and ionic diffusion in CSC,compared with single phase and mixed phases.Further mechanism study reveals that alternative and complementary electrochemical processes between nano-dispersed SnS_(2) and CoS_(2) phases are responsible for the lowered charge voltage of CSC.This electrolyte/structure-dependent cocktail-like mediation effect effectively enhances the practicability of metal sulfide anodes,which will boost the development of high-rate/-voltage sodium-ion full batteries.展开更多
Beyond the traditional focus on improvements in mechanical, electronic and absorption properties, controllability, actuation, and dynamic response of monoliths have received increasing attentions for practical applica...Beyond the traditional focus on improvements in mechanical, electronic and absorption properties, controllability, actuation, and dynamic response of monoliths have received increasing attentions for practical applications. However, most of them could only realize simple response to constant conditions(e.g. a stationary magnetic field) while carrying out humdrum motions. By controlling distribution of metal organic framework obtained carbon-enriched Fe304 nanoparticles in self-assembly reduced graphene oxide(RGO) monoliths, we could achieve two distinctive RGO-Fe_3 O_4 stirrers that could dynamically respond to the rapidly changing magnetic field while executing designed movements precisely: rotating with lying down posture or standing straight posture. These stirrers can not only be applied in environmental remediation(e.g.suction skimmer), but also be recycled as electrode active materials for supercapacitors after fulfilling their destiny, realizing transformation of trash to treasure, which will inspire other dynamically responsive monoliths for various applications.展开更多
Flexible batteries are key component of wearable electronic devices.Based on the requirements of medical and primary safety of wearable energy storage devices,rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising...Flexible batteries are key component of wearable electronic devices.Based on the requirements of medical and primary safety of wearable energy storage devices,rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising portable candidates in virtue of its intrinsic safety,abundant storage and low cost.However,many inherent challenges have greatly hindered the development in flexible Zn-based energy storage devices,such as rigid current collector and/or metal anode,easily detached cathode materials and a relatively narrow voltage window of flexible electrolyte.Thus,overcoming these challenges and further developing flexible ZIBs are inevitable and imperative.This review summarizes the most advanced progress in designs and discusses of flexible electrode,electrolyte and the practical application of flexible ZIBs in different environments.We also exhibit the heart of the matter that current flexible ZIBs faces.Finally,some prospective approaches are proposed to address these key issues and point out the direction for the future development of flexible ZIBs.展开更多
Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global ...Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global climate change.Due to the increased popularity of consumer electronics and electric vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have quickly become the most successful rechargeable batteries in the past three decades,yet growing demands in diversified application scenarios call for new types of rechargeable batteries.Tremendous efforts are made to developing the next-generation post-Li-ion rechargeable batteries,which include,but are not limited to solid-state batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,organic batteries,magnesium-/zinc-ion batteries,aqueous batteries and flow batteries.Despite the great achievements,challenges persist in precise understandings about the electrochemical reaction and charge transfer process,and optimal design of key materials and interfaces in a battery.This roadmap tends to provide an overview about the current research progress,key challenges and future prospects of various types of rechargeable batteries.New computational methods for materials development,and characterization techniques will also be discussed as they play an important role in battery research.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle life.However,with the widespread use of LIBs in recent de...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle life.However,with the widespread use of LIBs in recent decades,lithium resources are at risk of being exhausted.Therefore,it is necessary to find a substitute for LIBs to meet the needs of future large-scale energy storage systems.Because of their competitiveness,low cost,and high safety,aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ARZIBs)are regarded as promising components in the post-lithium-ion-battery era.Given the tunable composition,ordered porous channels,and controllable structure of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),these frameworks are viewed as potential materials for developing high-performance ARZIBs.In this review,we focus on the recent developments in the applications of MOF-/COF-based materials in ARZIBs,including in electrode materials,anode modifications,separators,and solid electrolytes.We then focus on the critical factors and optimization techniques of MOF-/COF-based materials that affect the performance of ARZIBs.Finally,we conclude with some projections for the expansion of ARZIBs containing MOF-/COF-based materials.展开更多
Rechargeable alkaline aqueous zinc batteries(RAZBs)have attracted increasing attention.However,most RAZBs are hindered by the limited availability of cathode materials.The practical electrochemical performance of most...Rechargeable alkaline aqueous zinc batteries(RAZBs)have attracted increasing attention.However,most RAZBs are hindered by the limited availability of cathode materials.The practical electrochemical performance of most cathode materials is lower than the theoretical value due to their poor electrical conductivity and low utilization capacity.In this work,we develop a facile hydrothermal procedure to prepare highly uniform bimetallic sulfides as novel cathode materials for RAZBs.Copper-cobalt binary metallic oxides materials possess higher conductivity and larger capacity compared with their mono-metal oxides compounds due to bimetallic synergistic effects and multiple oxidation states.Furthermore,bimetallic sulfide compounds have smaller bond energy and longer bond length than their oxides,leading to less structural damage,faster kinetics of electrochemical reactions,and better stability.The as-prepared Co-Cu bimetallic sulfides show enhanced electrochemical performance due to various valences of Co and Cu as well as the existence of S.As a result,aqueous Zn/CuCo_(2)S_(4) battery shows a high specific capacity of 117.4 mAh/g at 4 A/g and a good cycle life of over 8000 cycles.Based on PANa hydrogel electrolytes,a flexible Zn/CuCo_(2)S_(4) battery demonstrates excellent cycling stability.This battery can also meet the requirements of electronic devices with different shapes and performs well in extreme environments,such as freezing,drilling,and hammering.This work opens new avenues to obtain high-rate and long-life cathode materials for RAZBs by utilizing the synergistic effects of bimetallic sulfides and provides a new platform for flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
Multivalent metal-ion batteries have attracted wide attention with the expectation of tackling the needs of large-scale electrochemical energy storage[1].Among them,rechargeable calcium(Ca)-ion batteries are known as ...Multivalent metal-ion batteries have attracted wide attention with the expectation of tackling the needs of large-scale electrochemical energy storage[1].Among them,rechargeable calcium(Ca)-ion batteries are known as a promising alternative to conventional lithium(Li)-ion batteries due to the high abundance of calcium(the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust)and its large theoretical capacity(2,073 m Ah cm^(-3))and potential(-2.87 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode,SHE)comparable to that of Li(-3.04 V vs.SHE).Furthermore,unlike monovalent cations,the divalent calcium cations favor a two-electron transfer to increase the specific energies[2].展开更多
Zn-gas batteries have attracted great attention in the area of energy conversion and storage owing to their high theoretical energy density in the past decades.In addition to the most widely researched Znair/oxygen ba...Zn-gas batteries have attracted great attention in the area of energy conversion and storage owing to their high theoretical energy density in the past decades.In addition to the most widely researched Znair/oxygen battery,other novel Zn-gas batteries such as Zn-CO_(2),Zn-N_(2) and Zn-NO batteries as“killing two birds with one stone”strategy have emerged to provide energy power and upgrade the pollutant/useless gases simultaneously.This technology becomes more appealing as a low-cost and controllable method to produce value-added chemicals and fuels(such as CO,HCOO^(-),CH_(4),NH_(3))at the cathode driven by surplus electricity.However,there is an absence of a guide for the selection of catalyst and the construction of energy system.Herein,we overview recent achievements in typical Zn-gas batteries beyond Zn-air/oxygen,mainly including Zn-CO_(2),Zn-N_(2) and Zn-NO batteries.The energy storage mechanism of these novel Zn-gas batteries has been clearly elaborated.Then,the produced value-added chemicals and the design of cathodic catalyst materials are summarized.Lastly,the remaining challenges and possible directions of Zn-gas batteries,such as highly reduced products,high yield rate and remarkable battery performance,in the future are discussed.展开更多
Despite the remarkable ion-hosting capability of MXenes,their electrochemical performance is restricted to the ion shuttle barrier stemming from the capacious surface and the sluggish chemical activity of intrinsic tr...Despite the remarkable ion-hosting capability of MXenes,their electrochemical performance is restricted to the ion shuttle barrier stemming from the capacious surface and the sluggish chemical activity of intrinsic transition metal layers.Herein,we construct a vertically aligned array of V_(2)CT_(X) flakes utilizing a carbon sphere template(V_(2)CT_(X)@CS),with the interlayer galleries outward facing the external electrolyte,to shorten the diffusion length and mitigate the ion shuttle barrier.Moreover,we leverage the high sensitivity of V_(2)CT_(X) flakes to the water-oxygen environment,fully activating the masked active sites of transition metal layers in an aqueous environment via continuous electrochemical scanning.Aqueous V_(2)CT_(X)@CS/Zn battery delivers a novel capacity enhancement over 42,000 cycles at 10 A g^(−1).After activation,the capacity reaches up to 409 mAh g^(−1) V_(2)CT_(X) at 0.5 A g^(−1) and remains at 122 mAh g^(−1) V_(2)CT_(X) at 18 A g^(−1).With a 0.95-V voltage plateau,the energy density of 330.4 Wh kg^(−1) V_(2)CT_(X) surpasses previous records of aqueous MXene electrodes.展开更多
To celebrate this momentous occasion,we are very pleased to highlight the following significant accomplishments of this new journal in the field.Nano Research Energy received more than 100 submissions and published 17...To celebrate this momentous occasion,we are very pleased to highlight the following significant accomplishments of this new journal in the field.Nano Research Energy received more than 100 submissions and published 17 research articles,36 reviews,3 perspectives,6 highlights,1 comment and 2 editorials,amounting to a total of 65 papers to date.展开更多
Thermal runaway has been a long-standing safety issue impeding the development of high-energy- density batteries. Physical safety designs such as employing circuit-breakers and fuses to batteries are limited by small ...Thermal runaway has been a long-standing safety issue impeding the development of high-energy- density batteries. Physical safety designs such as employing circuit-breakers and fuses to batteries are limited by small operating voltage windows and no resumption of original working condition when it is cooled down. Here we report a smart thermoresponsive polymer electrolyte that can be incorporated inside batteries to prevent thermal runaway via a fast and reversible sol-gel transition, and successfully combine this smart electrolyte with a rechargeable Zn/^-Mn02 battery system. At high temperature, bat- tery operation is inhibited as a result of the increased internal resistance caused by the gelation of liquid electrolyte. After cooling down, the electrolyte is spontaneously reversed to sol state and the electro- chemical performance of the battery is restored. More importantly, sol-gel transition enables the smart battery to experience different charge-discharge rates under various temperature levels, providing a smart and active strategy to achieve dynamic and reversible self-protection.展开更多
In the fields of electronic skin and soft wearable sensors,intrinsically stretchable conductors undergo rapid development;however,practical applications of artificial skinlike materials/devices have not been realized ...In the fields of electronic skin and soft wearable sensors,intrinsically stretchable conductors undergo rapid development;however,practical applications of artificial skinlike materials/devices have not been realized because of the difficulty in combining the electromechanical properties and sensing performance.Contrarily,insoluble inorganic conductive domains in the hydrogel matrix are generally incompatible with surrounding elastic networks,decreasing the mechanical strength.Usually,the hydrogels are vulnerable either to severe mechanical stimuli or large deformation,especially when notches are induced.In this study,based on an energy-dissipative dual-crosslinked conductive hydrogel,a mechanically durable and super-tough strain sensor was developed.The highly soft yet dynamically tough hydrogel demonstrated high ionic conductivity(30.2 mS cm^(-1)),ultrastretchability(>600%strain),and superior linear dependence of strain sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor of 1.2 at 500%strain.Because of these advantageous synergistic effects,the resultant hydrogel strain sensor demonstrated reliable and stable detection of a large range of human motion and subtle vibrations.Moreover,it impressively exhibited super toughness that could endure consecutive treading pressure and even retain normal operation after 20 times of car run-over on the road.These demonstrations highly confirm the sensor’s superior mechanical durability and reliability,displaying great potential in developing next-generation mechanically adaptable sensors.展开更多
基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant number:2019A1515011819,2021B1515120004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005207)Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(2021SLABFN04).
文摘Non-flow aqueous zinc-bromine batteries without auxiliary components(e.g.,pumps,pipes,storage tanks)and ion-selective membranes represent a cost-effective and promising technology for large-scale energy storage.Unfortunately,they generally suffer from serious diffusion and shuttle of polybromide(Br^(-),Br^(3-))due to the weak physical adsorption between soluble polybromide and host carbon materials,which results in low energy efficiency and poor cycling stability.Here,we develop a novel self-capture organic bromine material(1,10-bis[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium bromine,NVBr4)to successfully realize reversible solid complexation of bromide components for stable non-flow zinc-bromine battery applications.The quaternary ammonium groups(NV^(4+)ions)can effectively capture the soluble polybromide species based on strong chemical interaction and realize reversible solid complexation confined within the porous electrodes,which transforms the conventional“liquid-liquid”conversion of soluble bromide components into“liquid-solid”model and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect.Thereby,the developed non-flow zinc-bromide battery provides an outstanding voltage platform at 1.7 V with a notable specific capacity of 325 mAh g^(-1)NVBr4(1 A g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(200 mAh g^(-1)NVBr4 at 20 A g^(-1)),outstanding energy density of 469.6 Wh kg^(-1)and super-stable cycle life(20,000 cycles with 100%Coulombic efficiency),which outperforms most of reported zinc-halogen batteries.Further mechanism analysis and DFT calculations demonstrate that the chemical interaction of quaternary ammonium groups and bromide species is the main reason for suppressing the shuttle effect.The developed strategy can be extended to other halogen batteries to obtain stable charge storage.
文摘Recently,rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries using manganese oxide as the cathode(e.g.,MnO_(2))have gained attention due to their inherent safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.Despite their potential,achieving high energy density in Zn||MnO_(2)batteries remains challenging,highlighting the need to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanisms underlying these batteries more deeply and optimize battery components,including electrodes and electrolytes.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements for understanding the electrochemistry reaction mechanisms and designing electrodes and electrolytes for Zn||MnO_(2)batteries in mildly and strongly acidic environments.Furthermore,we highlight the key challenges hindering the extensive application of Zn||MnO_(2)batteries,including high-voltage requirements and areal capacity,and propose innovative solutions to overcome these challenges.We suggest that MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)conversion in neutral electrolytes is a crucial aspect that needs to be addressed to achieve high-performance Zn||MnO_(2)batteries.These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in the future development of Zn||MnO_(2)batteries,off ering a more sustainable,costeff ective,and high-performance alternative to traditional batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975163)the Shenzhen Innovative Research Team Program(KQTD20190929173914967)the Senior Talent Research Start-up Fund of Shenzhen University(000265)。
文摘Co-N-C is a promising oxygen electrochemical catalyst due to its high stability and good durability.However,due to the limited adsorption ability improvement for oxygen-containing intermediates,it usually exhibits inadequate catalytic activity with 2-electron pathway and high selectivity of hydrogen peroxide.Herein,the adsorption of Co-N-C to these intermediates is modulated by constructing heterostructures using transition metals and their derivatives based on d-band theory.The heterostructured nanobelts with MoC core and pomegranate-like carbon shell consisting of Co nanoparticles and N dopant(MoC/Co-N-C)are engineered to successfully modulate the d band center of active Co-N-C sites,resulting in a remarkably enhanced electrocatalysis performance.The optimally performing MoC/Co-N-C exhibits outstanding bi-catalytic activity and stability for the oxygen electrochemistry,featuring a high wave-half potential of 0.865 V for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and low overpotential of 370 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 10 mA cm^(-2).The zinc air batteries with the MoC/Co-N-C catalyst demonstrate a large power density of 180 mW cm^(-2)and a long cycling lifespan(2000 cycles).The density functional theory calculations with Hubbard correction(DFT+U)reveal the electron transferring from Co to Mo atoms that effectively modulate the d band center of the active Co sites and achieve optimum adsorption ability with"single site double adsorption"mode.
基金supported by a Grant of the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong(Project number:ITS/461/18)City University of Hong Kong(Project number:9678179).
文摘Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-Cs),particularly Fe-N-Cs,have been found to be electroactive for accelerating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although substantial efforts have been devoted to design Fe-N-Cs with increased active species content,surface area,and electronic conductivity,their performance is still far from satisfactory.Hitherto,there is limited research about regulation on the electronic spin states of Fe centers for Fe-N-Cs electrocatalysts to improve their catalytic performance.Here,we introduce Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene with sulfur terminals to regulate the electronic configuration of FeN_(4) species and dramatically enhance catalytic activity toward ORR.The MXene with sulfur terminals induce the spin-state transition of FeN_(4) species and Fe 3d electron delocalization with d band center upshift,enabling the Fe(II)ions to bind oxygen in the end-on adsorption mode favorable to initiate the reduction of oxygen and boosting oxygen-containing groups adsorption on FeN_(4) species and ORR kinetics.The resulting FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx exhibits comparable catalytic performance to those of commercial Pt-C.The developed wearable ZABs using FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx also exhibit fast kinetics and excellent stability.This study confirms that regulation of the electronic structure of active species via coupling with their support can be a major contributor to enhance their catalytic activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274151)。
文摘Self-charging power systems collecting energy harvesting technology and batteries are attracting extensive attention.To solve the disadvantages of the traditional integrated system,such as highly dependent on energy supply and complex structure,an airrechargeable Zn battery based on MoS_(2)/PANI cathode is reported.Benefited from the excellent conductivity desolvation shield of PANI,the MoS_(2)/PANI cathode exhibits ultra-high capacity(304.98 mAh g^(−1) in N_(2) and 351.25 mAh g^(−1) in air).In particular,this battery has the ability to collect,convert and store energy simultaneously by an airrechargeable process of the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and O2 from air.The air-rechargeable Zn batteries display a high open-circuit voltage(1.15 V),an unforgettable discharge capacity(316.09 mAh g^(−1) and the air-rechargeable depth is 89.99%)and good air-recharging stability(291.22 mAh g^(−1) after 50 air recharging/galvanostatic current discharge cycle).Most importantly,both our quasi-solid zinc ion batteries and batteries modules have excellent performance and practicability.This work will provide a promising research direction for the material design and device assembly of the next-generation self-powered system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51877132)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (No. 21XD1401600)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2214061)。
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are urgently required for achieving practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) but remain plagued by low ionic conductivity.Herein,we propose a strategy of salt polarization to fabricate a highly ion-conductive SPE by employing a high-dielectric polymer that can interact strongly with lithium salts.Such a polymer with large dipole moments can guide lithium cations (Li^(+)) to be arranged along the chain,forming a continuous pathway for Li^(+) hopping within the SPE.The as-fabricated SPE,poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)-LiN(SO_(2)F)_(2)(LiFSI),has an extraordinarily high dielectric constant (up to 10^(8)) and ultrahigh ionic conductivity (0.77×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)).Based on the PVDF–LiFSI SPE,the assembled Li metal symmetrical cell shows excellent Li plating/stripping reversibility at 0.1 m A cm^(-2),0.1 m Ah cm^(-2)over 1500 h^(-1) the ASS LiFePO_(4) batteries deliver long-term cycling stability at 1 C over 350 cycles (2.74 mg cm^(-2)) and an ultralong cycling lifespan of over 2600 h(100 cycles) with high loading (11.5 mg cm^(-2)) at 28°C.First-principles calculations further reveal the ion-dipole interactions-controlled conduction of Li^(+) in PVDF–LiFSI SPE along the PVDF chain.This work highlights the critical role of dielectric permittivity in SPE,and provides a promising path towards high-energy,long-cycling lifespan ASSLMBs.
基金This research was supported by GRF Scheme under Project CityU 11305218The work was also partially sponsored by the project 2017JY0088 supported by Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Provincewas partially supported by the Chengdu Research Institute(2017JY0088),City University of Hong Kong.
文摘The increasing demands for wearable electronics have stimulated the rapid development of flexible energy storage devices.MXenes are considered as promising flexible electrodes due to the ultrahigh volumetric specific capacitance,metallic conductivity,superior hydrophily,and rich surface chemistry.
基金Funding of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) (DD45001015)NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (Project N_City U123/15)+2 种基金the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20130401145617276 and R-IND4903)City University of Hong Kong (PJ7004645)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-BBA3) supported this work
文摘Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.
基金This work was supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2019A1515110980)research project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21361162004)China Scholarship Council,and CSIRO.We acknowledge Dr Yesim Gozukara,Dr Malisja de Vries,and Dr Yunxia Yang from CSIRO(Clayton)for their help with material characterization training.
文摘As promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries,metal sulfides ubiquitously suffer from low-rate and high-plateau issues,greatly hindering their application in full-cells.Herein,exemplifying carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-stringed metal sulfides superstructure(CSC)assembled by nano-dispersed SnS_(2) and CoS_(2) phases,cocktail mediation effect similar to that of high-entropy materials is initially studied in ether-based electrolyte to solve the challenges.The high nano-dispersity of metal sulfides in CSC anode underlies the cocktail-like mediation effect,enabling the circumvention of intrinsic drawbacks of different metal sulfides.By utilizing ether-based electrolyte,the reversibility of metal sulfides is greatly improved,sustaining a long-life effectivity of cocktail-like mediation.As such,CSC effectively overcomes low-rate flaw of SnS_(2) and highplateau demerit of CoS_(2),simultaneously realizes a high rate and a low plateau.In half-cells,CSC delivers an ultrahigh-rate capability of 327.6 mAh g^(−1) anode at 20 A g^(−1),far outperforming those of monometallic sulfides(SnS_(2),CoS_(2))and their mixtures.Compared with CoS_(2) phase and SnS_(2)/CoS_(2) mixture,CSC shows remarkably lowered average charge voltage up to ca.0.62 V.As-assembled CSC//Na1.5VPO4.8F0.7 full-cell shows a good rate capability(0.05~1.0 A g^(−1),120.3 mAh g^(−1) electrode at 0.05 A g^(−1))and a high average discharge voltage up to 2.57 V,comparable to full-cells with alloy-type anodes.Kinetics analysis verifies that the cocktail-like mediation effect largely boosts the charge transfer and ionic diffusion in CSC,compared with single phase and mixed phases.Further mechanism study reveals that alternative and complementary electrochemical processes between nano-dispersed SnS_(2) and CoS_(2) phases are responsible for the lowered charge voltage of CSC.This electrolyte/structure-dependent cocktail-like mediation effect effectively enhances the practicability of metal sulfide anodes,which will boost the development of high-rate/-voltage sodium-ion full batteries.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of SZU (Grant No. 2017004)Early Career Scheme of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China, under the Project No. CityU 109213a Grant from the City University of Hong Kong (9610372)
文摘Beyond the traditional focus on improvements in mechanical, electronic and absorption properties, controllability, actuation, and dynamic response of monoliths have received increasing attentions for practical applications. However, most of them could only realize simple response to constant conditions(e.g. a stationary magnetic field) while carrying out humdrum motions. By controlling distribution of metal organic framework obtained carbon-enriched Fe304 nanoparticles in self-assembly reduced graphene oxide(RGO) monoliths, we could achieve two distinctive RGO-Fe_3 O_4 stirrers that could dynamically respond to the rapidly changing magnetic field while executing designed movements precisely: rotating with lying down posture or standing straight posture. These stirrers can not only be applied in environmental remediation(e.g.suction skimmer), but also be recycled as electrode active materials for supercapacitors after fulfilling their destiny, realizing transformation of trash to treasure, which will inspire other dynamically responsive monoliths for various applications.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China under Project 2019YFA0705104.
文摘Flexible batteries are key component of wearable electronic devices.Based on the requirements of medical and primary safety of wearable energy storage devices,rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising portable candidates in virtue of its intrinsic safety,abundant storage and low cost.However,many inherent challenges have greatly hindered the development in flexible Zn-based energy storage devices,such as rigid current collector and/or metal anode,easily detached cathode materials and a relatively narrow voltage window of flexible electrolyte.Thus,overcoming these challenges and further developing flexible ZIBs are inevitable and imperative.This review summarizes the most advanced progress in designs and discusses of flexible electrode,electrolyte and the practical application of flexible ZIBs in different environments.We also exhibit the heart of the matter that current flexible ZIBs faces.Finally,some prospective approaches are proposed to address these key issues and point out the direction for the future development of flexible ZIBs.
基金supported by the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-058)the Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52388201)+57 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ22005)financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2404400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92263206,21875007,21975006,21974007,and U19A2018)the Youth Beijing Scholars program(PXM2021_014204_000023)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222001 and KZ202010005007)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2400200)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2023040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279148 and 21905286)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z220021)supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Z200011)National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB2500300,2021YFB2400300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308190,22109084,22108151,22075029,and 22061132002)Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(202103AA080019)the S&T Program of Hebei Province(22344402D)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0165)Tsinghua-Jiangyin Innovation Special Fund(TJISF)Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fundthe Institute of Strategic Research,Huawei Technologies Co.,LtdOrdos-Tsinghua Innovative&Collaborative Research Program in Carbon Neutralitythe Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program of Tsinghua Universityfinancially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2400300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179083)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(20XD1401900)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B090908001)financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFE0204500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071311,52271140)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Funding Project(20220201112GX)Changchun Science and Technology Development Plan Funding Project(21ZY06)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2020230,2021223)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971124,52171217,52202284 and 52250710680)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University(EIPE22208)Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LZ21E010001,LQ23E020002)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(G20220019,G20220021,ZG2022032,G2023027)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN)Wenzhou Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Projects(ZG2023053)Cooperation between industry and education project of Ministry of Education(220601318235513)supported by the Australian Research Council(DP210101486 and FL210100050)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179135,22109168,52072195,and 21975271)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA22010603,XDA22010600)Taishan Scholars Program for Young Expert of Shandong Province(tsqn202103145)Shandong Energy Institute(SEI I202108 and SEI I202127)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20200344,2020M682251)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2402200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22121005,22020102002,and 21835004)the Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter of Nankai University(63181206)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformationssupported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2404500)Shenzhen Outstanding Talents Training Fundsupported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0705104)GRF under the project number City U 11305218supported from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078313,21925804)Free exploring basic research project of Liaoning(2022JH6/100100005)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019182)supported from the Research Center for industries of the Future(RCIF)at Westlake Universitythe start-up fund from Westlake Universitysupported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB2007400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075317)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)(XDB07030200)of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global climate change.Due to the increased popularity of consumer electronics and electric vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have quickly become the most successful rechargeable batteries in the past three decades,yet growing demands in diversified application scenarios call for new types of rechargeable batteries.Tremendous efforts are made to developing the next-generation post-Li-ion rechargeable batteries,which include,but are not limited to solid-state batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,organic batteries,magnesium-/zinc-ion batteries,aqueous batteries and flow batteries.Despite the great achievements,challenges persist in precise understandings about the electrochemical reaction and charge transfer process,and optimal design of key materials and interfaces in a battery.This roadmap tends to provide an overview about the current research progress,key challenges and future prospects of various types of rechargeable batteries.New computational methods for materials development,and characterization techniques will also be discussed as they play an important role in battery research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0705104)GRF under the project number City U 11305218。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle life.However,with the widespread use of LIBs in recent decades,lithium resources are at risk of being exhausted.Therefore,it is necessary to find a substitute for LIBs to meet the needs of future large-scale energy storage systems.Because of their competitiveness,low cost,and high safety,aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ARZIBs)are regarded as promising components in the post-lithium-ion-battery era.Given the tunable composition,ordered porous channels,and controllable structure of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),these frameworks are viewed as potential materials for developing high-performance ARZIBs.In this review,we focus on the recent developments in the applications of MOF-/COF-based materials in ARZIBs,including in electrode materials,anode modifications,separators,and solid electrolytes.We then focus on the critical factors and optimization techniques of MOF-/COF-based materials that affect the performance of ARZIBs.Finally,we conclude with some projections for the expansion of ARZIBs containing MOF-/COF-based materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005207)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2019A1515011819,2020A1515110442)。
文摘Rechargeable alkaline aqueous zinc batteries(RAZBs)have attracted increasing attention.However,most RAZBs are hindered by the limited availability of cathode materials.The practical electrochemical performance of most cathode materials is lower than the theoretical value due to their poor electrical conductivity and low utilization capacity.In this work,we develop a facile hydrothermal procedure to prepare highly uniform bimetallic sulfides as novel cathode materials for RAZBs.Copper-cobalt binary metallic oxides materials possess higher conductivity and larger capacity compared with their mono-metal oxides compounds due to bimetallic synergistic effects and multiple oxidation states.Furthermore,bimetallic sulfide compounds have smaller bond energy and longer bond length than their oxides,leading to less structural damage,faster kinetics of electrochemical reactions,and better stability.The as-prepared Co-Cu bimetallic sulfides show enhanced electrochemical performance due to various valences of Co and Cu as well as the existence of S.As a result,aqueous Zn/CuCo_(2)S_(4) battery shows a high specific capacity of 117.4 mAh/g at 4 A/g and a good cycle life of over 8000 cycles.Based on PANa hydrogel electrolytes,a flexible Zn/CuCo_(2)S_(4) battery demonstrates excellent cycling stability.This battery can also meet the requirements of electronic devices with different shapes and performs well in extreme environments,such as freezing,drilling,and hammering.This work opens new avenues to obtain high-rate and long-life cathode materials for RAZBs by utilizing the synergistic effects of bimetallic sulfides and provides a new platform for flexible energy storage devices.
文摘Multivalent metal-ion batteries have attracted wide attention with the expectation of tackling the needs of large-scale electrochemical energy storage[1].Among them,rechargeable calcium(Ca)-ion batteries are known as a promising alternative to conventional lithium(Li)-ion batteries due to the high abundance of calcium(the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust)and its large theoretical capacity(2,073 m Ah cm^(-3))and potential(-2.87 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode,SHE)comparable to that of Li(-3.04 V vs.SHE).Furthermore,unlike monovalent cations,the divalent calcium cations favor a two-electron transfer to increase the specific energies[2].
基金supported by GRF under Project CityU(No.11212920)。
文摘Zn-gas batteries have attracted great attention in the area of energy conversion and storage owing to their high theoretical energy density in the past decades.In addition to the most widely researched Znair/oxygen battery,other novel Zn-gas batteries such as Zn-CO_(2),Zn-N_(2) and Zn-NO batteries as“killing two birds with one stone”strategy have emerged to provide energy power and upgrade the pollutant/useless gases simultaneously.This technology becomes more appealing as a low-cost and controllable method to produce value-added chemicals and fuels(such as CO,HCOO^(-),CH_(4),NH_(3))at the cathode driven by surplus electricity.However,there is an absence of a guide for the selection of catalyst and the construction of energy system.Herein,we overview recent achievements in typical Zn-gas batteries beyond Zn-air/oxygen,mainly including Zn-CO_(2),Zn-N_(2) and Zn-NO batteries.The energy storage mechanism of these novel Zn-gas batteries has been clearly elaborated.Then,the produced value-added chemicals and the design of cathodic catalyst materials are summarized.Lastly,the remaining challenges and possible directions of Zn-gas batteries,such as highly reduced products,high yield rate and remarkable battery performance,in the future are discussed.
基金GRF under Project N_CityU11305218Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant No.JCYJ20170818103435068)+1 种基金a grant from City University of Hong Kong(9667165)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21671195 and 91426304).
文摘Despite the remarkable ion-hosting capability of MXenes,their electrochemical performance is restricted to the ion shuttle barrier stemming from the capacious surface and the sluggish chemical activity of intrinsic transition metal layers.Herein,we construct a vertically aligned array of V_(2)CT_(X) flakes utilizing a carbon sphere template(V_(2)CT_(X)@CS),with the interlayer galleries outward facing the external electrolyte,to shorten the diffusion length and mitigate the ion shuttle barrier.Moreover,we leverage the high sensitivity of V_(2)CT_(X) flakes to the water-oxygen environment,fully activating the masked active sites of transition metal layers in an aqueous environment via continuous electrochemical scanning.Aqueous V_(2)CT_(X)@CS/Zn battery delivers a novel capacity enhancement over 42,000 cycles at 10 A g^(−1).After activation,the capacity reaches up to 409 mAh g^(−1) V_(2)CT_(X) at 0.5 A g^(−1) and remains at 122 mAh g^(−1) V_(2)CT_(X) at 18 A g^(−1).With a 0.95-V voltage plateau,the energy density of 330.4 Wh kg^(−1) V_(2)CT_(X) surpasses previous records of aqueous MXene electrodes.
文摘To celebrate this momentous occasion,we are very pleased to highlight the following significant accomplishments of this new journal in the field.Nano Research Energy received more than 100 submissions and published 17 research articles,36 reviews,3 perspectives,6 highlights,1 comment and 2 editorials,amounting to a total of 65 papers to date.
基金supported by NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme under Project N_CityU123/15 and NSFC 5151101197a Grant from City University of Hong Kong (PJ7004645)sponsored by Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2017JY0088)
文摘Thermal runaway has been a long-standing safety issue impeding the development of high-energy- density batteries. Physical safety designs such as employing circuit-breakers and fuses to batteries are limited by small operating voltage windows and no resumption of original working condition when it is cooled down. Here we report a smart thermoresponsive polymer electrolyte that can be incorporated inside batteries to prevent thermal runaway via a fast and reversible sol-gel transition, and successfully combine this smart electrolyte with a rechargeable Zn/^-Mn02 battery system. At high temperature, bat- tery operation is inhibited as a result of the increased internal resistance caused by the gelation of liquid electrolyte. After cooling down, the electrolyte is spontaneously reversed to sol state and the electro- chemical performance of the battery is restored. More importantly, sol-gel transition enables the smart battery to experience different charge-discharge rates under various temperature levels, providing a smart and active strategy to achieve dynamic and reversible self-protection.
基金the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality under Shenzhen Technology Project(JSGG20180508151728414)the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province under Guangdong Science and Technology Project(2018B020208001)。
文摘In the fields of electronic skin and soft wearable sensors,intrinsically stretchable conductors undergo rapid development;however,practical applications of artificial skinlike materials/devices have not been realized because of the difficulty in combining the electromechanical properties and sensing performance.Contrarily,insoluble inorganic conductive domains in the hydrogel matrix are generally incompatible with surrounding elastic networks,decreasing the mechanical strength.Usually,the hydrogels are vulnerable either to severe mechanical stimuli or large deformation,especially when notches are induced.In this study,based on an energy-dissipative dual-crosslinked conductive hydrogel,a mechanically durable and super-tough strain sensor was developed.The highly soft yet dynamically tough hydrogel demonstrated high ionic conductivity(30.2 mS cm^(-1)),ultrastretchability(>600%strain),and superior linear dependence of strain sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor of 1.2 at 500%strain.Because of these advantageous synergistic effects,the resultant hydrogel strain sensor demonstrated reliable and stable detection of a large range of human motion and subtle vibrations.Moreover,it impressively exhibited super toughness that could endure consecutive treading pressure and even retain normal operation after 20 times of car run-over on the road.These demonstrations highly confirm the sensor’s superior mechanical durability and reliability,displaying great potential in developing next-generation mechanically adaptable sensors.
