Artificial nest boxes are placed to attract birds to nest and breed in a specific location,and they are widely used in avian ecology research and in the attraction of insectivorous birds.There is evidence that artific...Artificial nest boxes are placed to attract birds to nest and breed in a specific location,and they are widely used in avian ecology research and in the attraction of insectivorous birds.There is evidence that artificial nest boxes can adversely affect breeding fitness but no great focus has been placed on this issue by researchers.Therefore,we retrieved 321 research papers regarding artificial nest boxes published from 2003 to 2022 and used the'Biblioshiny'program to extract and integrate keywords;we then summarized the adverse effects of artificial nest boxes on avian breeding success.The studies highlighted many drawbacks and misuses in the designing and placement of nest boxes;furthermore,bird attraction was decreased by their inappropriate selection,thus reducing breeding success.Regarding nest box production,there were shortcomings in the construction material,color,smell,and structural design of the boxes used.Nest boxes were also placed at inappropriate densities,locations,orientations,heights,and managed incorrectly.Finally,we propose suggestions for more efficient and safer artificial nest boxes for future use in avian ecology research and bird conservation.展开更多
Agricultural cooperatives serve as typical entities within the agricultural sector of China and encounter common representative challenges during their growth.This study employs the business model canvas theory to ana...Agricultural cooperatives serve as typical entities within the agricultural sector of China and encounter common representative challenges during their growth.This study employs the business model canvas theory to analyze the profit and business models of the Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative while clarifying its ongoing developmental hurdles.By addressing pivotal concerns the paper puts forth branding suggestions and outlines future developmental directions.展开更多
Background： To induce and collect tumor-derived autophagosomes （DRibbles） from tumor cells as an antitumor vaccine by inhibiting the functions of proteasomes and lysosomes. Methods： Dendritic cells （DCs） generat...Background： To induce and collect tumor-derived autophagosomes （DRibbles） from tumor cells as an antitumor vaccine by inhibiting the functions of proteasomes and lysosomes. Methods： Dendritic cells （DCs） generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell （PBMC） of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients were cocultured with DRibbles, and then surface molecules of DCs, as well as surface molecules on DCs, were determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, immune responses of the DCs-DRibbles were examined by mixed lymphocyte reactions. Results： DRibbles significantly induced the expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR on DCs. The enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay （ELISA） showed that IFN-γ, levels after vaccination increased than before in most patients, but CDS＋ proportion of PBMC increased only in nine patients. Higher levels of IFN-γ, were detected in the CD8＋ cells than CD4＋ T cells. These results suggested that DCs-DRibbles vaccine could induce antigen-specific cellular immune response on HCC and could prime strong CD8＋ T cell responses, supporting it as a tumor vaccine candidate. Conclusions： Our results demonstrate that HCC/DRibbles-pulsed DCs immunotherapy might be deployed as an effective antitumor vaccine for HCC immunotherapy in clinical trials.展开更多
The thermal decomposition processes of（MgCO3）4·Mg（OH）2·5H2O（MCH）,5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O（ZCH）,NiCO3·2Ni（OH）2·4H2O（NCH）,PbCO3（LC）and [Cr（OH）5]2·CO3·8H2O（CC）were studied ...The thermal decomposition processes of（MgCO3）4·Mg（OH）2·5H2O（MCH）,5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O（ZCH）,NiCO3·2Ni（OH）2·4H2O（NCH）,PbCO3（LC）and [Cr（OH）5]2·CO3·8H2O（CC）were studied via TG-DSC.The results of research imply that MCH has the largest capacity of heat absorption and ZCH is second to MCH among the studied materials.The non-isothermal kinetic parameters of MCH and ZCH were calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods.Furthermore,thermal decomposition mechanisms of MCH and ZCH were investigated by Coats-Redfern method.Due to the large specific heat capacity,MCH and ZCH are promising to be used as a coolant in extinguishant formulations.展开更多
Pretreatment of the carrier for supported catalysts can effectively improve the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)and increase the dispersion of precious metals,which are critical to many important catalytic react...Pretreatment of the carrier for supported catalysts can effectively improve the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)and increase the dispersion of precious metals,which are critical to many important catalytic reactions.In this work,we tuned SMSI on Pd/TiO_(2)catalysts through inducing surface defects of TiO_(2)by pretreated with different atmospheres(H_(2)/N_(2),N_(2),O_(2)/N_(2))at the high temperature(800℃).Multiple characterization results illustrated that surface defects anchored Pd species and thus enhanced their dispersion.During reduction,Ti^(3+)species formed and transferred onto the metallic Pd species and then induced SMSI,which effectively stabilize Pd species in the metallic state.The stronger MSI,the more stability of Pd species.As a case,Pd/TiO_(2)–800H_(2),with strongest MSI,displayed the best HCHO oxidation performance at low temperature(10℃).展开更多
The complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at room temperature is a green route for indoor HCHO removal.Zeolite is an excellent carrier material for HCHO oxidation due to its large sur...The complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at room temperature is a green route for indoor HCHO removal.Zeolite is an excellent carrier material for HCHO oxidation due to its large surface area,intricate pores and high adsorption capacity.However,the zeolite-supported noble metal catalysts have currently shown relatively low activity especially at room temperature.In this work,we present a facile acid treatment strategy for zeolite catalysts to improve the hydroxyl concentration and further enhance their catalytic activity for HCHO oxidation.Activity tests illustrated that HCHO could be completely oxidized to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at a nearly 100%conversion rate with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 150,000 mL/(g·hr) at 25℃,when the support of Pd/USY catalysts was pretreated by hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.20 mol/L.The characterization results revealed that the active hydroxyl groups originated from the dealumination in the acid treatment play a key role in the HCHO oxidation reaction.The deduced reaction mechanism suggests that bridging hydroxyl groups may oxidize HCHO to dioxymethylene(DOM) species and terminal hydroxyl groups are responsible for the transformation of DOM groups to formate (HCOO) species.展开更多
A series of α-MnO_(2) catalysts with various Mn valence states were treated by hydrogen reduction for different periods of time. Their catalytic capacity for formaldehyde(HCHO) oxidation was evaluated. The results in...A series of α-MnO_(2) catalysts with various Mn valence states were treated by hydrogen reduction for different periods of time. Their catalytic capacity for formaldehyde(HCHO) oxidation was evaluated. The results indicated that hydrogen reduction dramatically improves the catalytic performance of α-MnO_(2) in HCHO oxidation. The α-MnO_(2) sample reduced by hydrogen for 2 h possessed superior activity and could completely oxidize 150 ppm HCHO to CO_(2) and H_(2)O at 70℃. Multiple characterization results illustrated that hydrogen reduction contributed to the production of more oxygen vacancies. The oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface enhanced the adsorption, activation and mobility of O_(2) molecules, and thereby enhanced HCHO catalytic oxidation. This study provides novel insight into the design of outstanding MnO_x catalysts for HCHO oxidation at low temperature.展开更多
Rare-earth modification Bi2WO6 composites(RE/Bi2WO6)were studied by experimental performance and theory computation based on the different 4 f orbits of selected rare earth elements(La,Ce,Gd,and Yb).The prepared RE/Bi...Rare-earth modification Bi2WO6 composites(RE/Bi2WO6)were studied by experimental performance and theory computation based on the different 4 f orbits of selected rare earth elements(La,Ce,Gd,and Yb).The prepared RE/Bi2WO6 was characterized by XRD,SEM/TEM,XPS,UV-vis DRS,and N2 adsorption to learn their physical-chemical properties.Azo dye Rhodamine B(RhB)was photodegraded as a target pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic activity of prepared RE/Bi2WO6 composites.The results of experiment and computation show that four rare earth elements with different electron configurations retain the phase and morphology of Bi2 WO6 and enhance the removal efficiency of RhB under simulated solar irradiation.The optimum doping contents are 0.01%,0.05%,0.05%and 0.01%for La-,Ce-,Gd-,and Yb-doped Bi2WO6,respectively.However,light rare earth La and Ce doped composites indicate some difference in visible light adso rption capacity and mineralization on RhB co mpared with heavy rare earth Gd and Yb doped composites.Both La/Bi2WO6 and Ce/Bi2 WO6 possess larger pore size and higher mineralization ability than Gd/Bi2 WO6 and Yb/Bi2WO6 under the same experimental conditions while Gd/Bi2WO6 and Yb/Bi2WO6 show stronger red shift to the visible light due to the more 4 f electrons.The hole oxidation plays a major role in the photodegradation of RhB by all RE/Bi2WO6.展开更多
Extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can induce high concentration of ammonium nitrogen(NH4^(+)_(-)N) in soil. Desorption and leaching of NH4^(+)_(-)N has led to pollution of natural waters. The adsorp...Extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can induce high concentration of ammonium nitrogen(NH4^(+)_(-)N) in soil. Desorption and leaching of NH4^(+)_(-)N has led to pollution of natural waters. The adsorption of NH4^(+)_(-)N in soil plays an important role in the fate of the NH4^(+)_(-)N. Understanding the adsorption characteristics of NH4^(+)_(-)N is necessary to ascertain and predict its fate in the soil-water environment, and pedotransfer functions(PTFs) could be a convenient method for quantification of the adsorption parameters. Ammonium nitrogen adsorption capacity, isotherms, and their influencing factors were investigated for various soils in an irrigation district of the North China Plain. Fourteen agricultural soils with three types of texture(silt, silty loam, and sandy loam) were collected from topsoil to perform batch experiments. Silt and silty loam soils had higher NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption capacity than sandy loam soils.Clay and silt contents significantly affected the adsorption capacity of NH4^(+)_(-)N in the different soils. The adsorption isotherms of NH4^(+)_(-)N in the 14 soils fit well using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. The models’ adsorption parameters were significantly related to soil properties including clay,silt, and organic carbon contents and Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in the groundwater. The PTFs that relate soil and groundwater properties to soil NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption isotherms were derived using multiple regressions where the coefficients were predicted using the Bayesian method. The PTFs of the three adsorption isotherm models were successfully verified and could be useful tools to help predict NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption at a regional scale in irrigation districts.展开更多
Gossypium mustelinum （（AD）4） is one of five disomic species in Gossypium. Three 45S ribosomal DNA （rDNA） loci were detected in （AD）4 with 45S rDNA as probe, and three pairs of brighter signals were detected wi...Gossypium mustelinum （（AD）4） is one of five disomic species in Gossypium. Three 45S ribosomal DNA （rDNA） loci were detected in （AD）4 with 45S rDNA as probe, and three pairs of brighter signals were detected with genomic DNA （gDNA） of Gossypium D genome species as probes. The size and the location of these brighter signals were the same as those detected with 45S rDNA as probe, and were named GISH-NOR. One of them was super-major, which accounted for the fact that about one-half of its chromosome at metaphase was located at chromosome 3, and other two were minor and located at chromosomes 5 and 9, respectively. All GISH-NORs were located in A sub-genome chromosomes, separate from the other four allopolyploid cotton species. GISH-NOR were detected with D genome species as probe, but not A. The greatly abnormal sizes and sites of （AD）4 NORs or GISH-NORs indicate a possible mechanism for 45S rDNA diversification following （AD）4 speciation. Comparisons of GISH intensities and GISH-NOR production with gDNA probes between A and D genomes show that the better relationship of （AD）4 is with A genome. The shortest two chromosomes of A sub-genome of G. mustelinum were shorter than the longest chromosome of D sub-genome chromosomes. Therefore, the longest 13 chromosomes of tetraploid cotton being classified as A sub-genome, while the shorter 13 chromosomes being classified as D sub-genome in traditional cytogenetic and karyotype analyses may not be entirely correct.展开更多
A series of Na-doped 1 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with different Na loadings were prepared by wet impregnation and tested for the catalytic oxidation of benzene. Suitable addition of Na had a remarkable promotion effect o...A series of Na-doped 1 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with different Na loadings were prepared by wet impregnation and tested for the catalytic oxidation of benzene. Suitable addition of Na had a remarkable promotion effect on water resistance and enhancement of low temperature activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. The optimal mole ratio between Na and Pd was 1:1. The properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), O2-temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD), and in situ DRIFTS. Results indicated that the addition of Na not only decreased the content of adsorbed water species but also increased the amount of liable surface oxygen species, which are likely the key factors for the excellent water resistance of the catalyst. Na addition also improved the mobility of the lattice oxygen species, which was favorable for catalytic activity. Moreover, the well-dispersed negatively charged Pd particles and suitable redox properties derived from Na addition also contributed to the improved performance and water resistance of the Na1Pd1/Al2O3 catalyst. In situ DRIFTS results revealed that benzene was oxidized to maleate and acetate species via intermediate o-benzoquinone species, which finally turned into harmless CO2 and H2O.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: Apply spectral clustering to analyze the patterns of symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis(CG).METHODS: Based on 919 CG subjects, we applied mutual information feature selection to choose the positive...OBJECTIVE: Apply spectral clustering to analyze the patterns of symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis(CG).METHODS: Based on 919 CG subjects, we applied mutual information feature selection to choose the positively correlated symptoms with each pattern.Then, we used the Shi and Malik spectral clustering algorithm to select the top 20 correlated symptoms.RESULTS: We ascertained the results of six patterns.There were three categories for the pattern of accumulation of damp heat in the spleen-stomach(0.00332). There were six categories for the pattern of dampness obstructing the spleen-stomach(0.02466). There were two categories for the pattern of spleen-stomach Qi deficiency(0.013 89).There were three categories for the pattern of spleen-stomach deficiency cold(0.009 15). There were five categories for the pattern of liver-Qistagnation(0.01910).There were four categories for the pattern of stagnant heat in the liver-stomach(0.00585).CONCLUSION: Most of the spectral clustering results of the symptoms of CG patterns were in accordance with clinical experience and Traditional Chinese Medicine theory. Most categories suggested the nature and/or location of the disease.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32170485,31501867)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572022BE02)。
文摘Artificial nest boxes are placed to attract birds to nest and breed in a specific location,and they are widely used in avian ecology research and in the attraction of insectivorous birds.There is evidence that artificial nest boxes can adversely affect breeding fitness but no great focus has been placed on this issue by researchers.Therefore,we retrieved 321 research papers regarding artificial nest boxes published from 2003 to 2022 and used the'Biblioshiny'program to extract and integrate keywords;we then summarized the adverse effects of artificial nest boxes on avian breeding success.The studies highlighted many drawbacks and misuses in the designing and placement of nest boxes;furthermore,bird attraction was decreased by their inappropriate selection,thus reducing breeding success.Regarding nest box production,there were shortcomings in the construction material,color,smell,and structural design of the boxes used.Nest boxes were also placed at inappropriate densities,locations,orientations,heights,and managed incorrectly.Finally,we propose suggestions for more efficient and safer artificial nest boxes for future use in avian ecology research and bird conservation.
基金2019 Jilin Province College Students'Science and Technology Innovation"Research on the Construction and Promotion Path of Xilangzhen Brand under the Background of Rural Revitalization"(Project number:S2021111439056)。
文摘Agricultural cooperatives serve as typical entities within the agricultural sector of China and encounter common representative challenges during their growth.This study employs the business model canvas theory to analyze the profit and business models of the Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative while clarifying its ongoing developmental hurdles.By addressing pivotal concerns the paper puts forth branding suggestions and outlines future developmental directions.
基金supported by Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation,Nanjing Department of Health (Grant:QRX11235 and Grant:ZDX12008)Jiangsu Science and Technology Project of Clinical Medicine Foundation,Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province (BL2014005)
文摘Background： To induce and collect tumor-derived autophagosomes （DRibbles） from tumor cells as an antitumor vaccine by inhibiting the functions of proteasomes and lysosomes. Methods： Dendritic cells （DCs） generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell （PBMC） of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients were cocultured with DRibbles, and then surface molecules of DCs, as well as surface molecules on DCs, were determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, immune responses of the DCs-DRibbles were examined by mixed lymphocyte reactions. Results： DRibbles significantly induced the expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR on DCs. The enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay （ELISA） showed that IFN-γ, levels after vaccination increased than before in most patients, but CDS＋ proportion of PBMC increased only in nine patients. Higher levels of IFN-γ, were detected in the CD8＋ cells than CD4＋ T cells. These results suggested that DCs-DRibbles vaccine could induce antigen-specific cellular immune response on HCC and could prime strong CD8＋ T cell responses, supporting it as a tumor vaccine candidate. Conclusions： Our results demonstrate that HCC/DRibbles-pulsed DCs immunotherapy might be deployed as an effective antitumor vaccine for HCC immunotherapy in clinical trials.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology(20130242017)the Project Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Beijing Institute of Technology)(YBKT16-09)
文摘The thermal decomposition processes of（MgCO3）4·Mg（OH）2·5H2O（MCH）,5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O（ZCH）,NiCO3·2Ni（OH）2·4H2O（NCH）,PbCO3（LC）and [Cr（OH）5]2·CO3·8H2O（CC）were studied via TG-DSC.The results of research imply that MCH has the largest capacity of heat absorption and ZCH is second to MCH among the studied materials.The non-isothermal kinetic parameters of MCH and ZCH were calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods.Furthermore,thermal decomposition mechanisms of MCH and ZCH were investigated by Coats-Redfern method.Due to the large specific heat capacity,MCH and ZCH are promising to be used as a coolant in extinguishant formulations.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2020310)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen City(No.3502Z20191021)the Science and Technology Innovation“2025”major program in Ningbo(No.2022Z028)。
文摘Pretreatment of the carrier for supported catalysts can effectively improve the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)and increase the dispersion of precious metals,which are critical to many important catalytic reactions.In this work,we tuned SMSI on Pd/TiO_(2)catalysts through inducing surface defects of TiO_(2)by pretreated with different atmospheres(H_(2)/N_(2),N_(2),O_(2)/N_(2))at the high temperature(800℃).Multiple characterization results illustrated that surface defects anchored Pd species and thus enhanced their dispersion.During reduction,Ti^(3+)species formed and transferred onto the metallic Pd species and then induced SMSI,which effectively stabilize Pd species in the metallic state.The stronger MSI,the more stability of Pd species.As a case,Pd/TiO_(2)–800H_(2),with strongest MSI,displayed the best HCHO oxidation performance at low temperature(10℃).
基金supported by the Central government guides local funds for science and technology development (No. 2020L3023)the NSF of Fujian Province (No. 2018J01024), Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No. 2020310)+1 种基金the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter and Institute of Urban Environment (FJIRSM&IUE) Joint Research Fund (No. RHZX-2019-001)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen City (No. 3502Z20191021)。
文摘The complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at room temperature is a green route for indoor HCHO removal.Zeolite is an excellent carrier material for HCHO oxidation due to its large surface area,intricate pores and high adsorption capacity.However,the zeolite-supported noble metal catalysts have currently shown relatively low activity especially at room temperature.In this work,we present a facile acid treatment strategy for zeolite catalysts to improve the hydroxyl concentration and further enhance their catalytic activity for HCHO oxidation.Activity tests illustrated that HCHO could be completely oxidized to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at a nearly 100%conversion rate with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 150,000 mL/(g·hr) at 25℃,when the support of Pd/USY catalysts was pretreated by hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.20 mol/L.The characterization results revealed that the active hydroxyl groups originated from the dealumination in the acid treatment play a key role in the HCHO oxidation reaction.The deduced reaction mechanism suggests that bridging hydroxyl groups may oxidize HCHO to dioxymethylene(DOM) species and terminal hydroxyl groups are responsible for the transformation of DOM groups to formate (HCOO) species.
基金supported by the Cultivating Project of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDPB1902)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen City(No.3502Z20191021)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation“2025”major program in Ningbo(No.2022Z028)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020310)。
文摘A series of α-MnO_(2) catalysts with various Mn valence states were treated by hydrogen reduction for different periods of time. Their catalytic capacity for formaldehyde(HCHO) oxidation was evaluated. The results indicated that hydrogen reduction dramatically improves the catalytic performance of α-MnO_(2) in HCHO oxidation. The α-MnO_(2) sample reduced by hydrogen for 2 h possessed superior activity and could completely oxidize 150 ppm HCHO to CO_(2) and H_(2)O at 70℃. Multiple characterization results illustrated that hydrogen reduction contributed to the production of more oxygen vacancies. The oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface enhanced the adsorption, activation and mobility of O_(2) molecules, and thereby enhanced HCHO catalytic oxidation. This study provides novel insight into the design of outstanding MnO_x catalysts for HCHO oxidation at low temperature.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21408277)China’s Postdoctoral Science Fund(2016T90967)+2 种基金Program of 5511 Talents in Scientific and Technological Innovation of Jiangxi Province(20165BCB18013)Jiangxi Poyang Yingcai 555 ProjectProgram of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,JXUST。
文摘Rare-earth modification Bi2WO6 composites(RE/Bi2WO6)were studied by experimental performance and theory computation based on the different 4 f orbits of selected rare earth elements(La,Ce,Gd,and Yb).The prepared RE/Bi2WO6 was characterized by XRD,SEM/TEM,XPS,UV-vis DRS,and N2 adsorption to learn their physical-chemical properties.Azo dye Rhodamine B(RhB)was photodegraded as a target pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic activity of prepared RE/Bi2WO6 composites.The results of experiment and computation show that four rare earth elements with different electron configurations retain the phase and morphology of Bi2 WO6 and enhance the removal efficiency of RhB under simulated solar irradiation.The optimum doping contents are 0.01%,0.05%,0.05%and 0.01%for La-,Ce-,Gd-,and Yb-doped Bi2WO6,respectively.However,light rare earth La and Ce doped composites indicate some difference in visible light adso rption capacity and mineralization on RhB co mpared with heavy rare earth Gd and Yb doped composites.Both La/Bi2WO6 and Ce/Bi2 WO6 possess larger pore size and higher mineralization ability than Gd/Bi2 WO6 and Yb/Bi2WO6 under the same experimental conditions while Gd/Bi2WO6 and Yb/Bi2WO6 show stronger red shift to the visible light due to the more 4 f electrons.The hole oxidation plays a major role in the photodegradation of RhB by all RE/Bi2WO6.
基金supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China (No. 2019 KFKT-8)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51609084, 51679089, and 41807161)the “948” Program of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (No. 201328)。
文摘Extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can induce high concentration of ammonium nitrogen(NH4^(+)_(-)N) in soil. Desorption and leaching of NH4^(+)_(-)N has led to pollution of natural waters. The adsorption of NH4^(+)_(-)N in soil plays an important role in the fate of the NH4^(+)_(-)N. Understanding the adsorption characteristics of NH4^(+)_(-)N is necessary to ascertain and predict its fate in the soil-water environment, and pedotransfer functions(PTFs) could be a convenient method for quantification of the adsorption parameters. Ammonium nitrogen adsorption capacity, isotherms, and their influencing factors were investigated for various soils in an irrigation district of the North China Plain. Fourteen agricultural soils with three types of texture(silt, silty loam, and sandy loam) were collected from topsoil to perform batch experiments. Silt and silty loam soils had higher NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption capacity than sandy loam soils.Clay and silt contents significantly affected the adsorption capacity of NH4^(+)_(-)N in the different soils. The adsorption isotherms of NH4^(+)_(-)N in the 14 soils fit well using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. The models’ adsorption parameters were significantly related to soil properties including clay,silt, and organic carbon contents and Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in the groundwater. The PTFs that relate soil and groundwater properties to soil NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption isotherms were derived using multiple regressions where the coefficients were predicted using the Bayesian method. The PTFs of the three adsorption isotherm models were successfully verified and could be useful tools to help predict NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption at a regional scale in irrigation districts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30170501)the National Basic Research Program of China(2004CB117300)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2003AA207051)
文摘Gossypium mustelinum （（AD）4） is one of five disomic species in Gossypium. Three 45S ribosomal DNA （rDNA） loci were detected in （AD）4 with 45S rDNA as probe, and three pairs of brighter signals were detected with genomic DNA （gDNA） of Gossypium D genome species as probes. The size and the location of these brighter signals were the same as those detected with 45S rDNA as probe, and were named GISH-NOR. One of them was super-major, which accounted for the fact that about one-half of its chromosome at metaphase was located at chromosome 3, and other two were minor and located at chromosomes 5 and 9, respectively. All GISH-NORs were located in A sub-genome chromosomes, separate from the other four allopolyploid cotton species. GISH-NOR were detected with D genome species as probe, but not A. The greatly abnormal sizes and sites of （AD）4 NORs or GISH-NORs indicate a possible mechanism for 45S rDNA diversification following （AD）4 speciation. Comparisons of GISH intensities and GISH-NOR production with gDNA probes between A and D genomes show that the better relationship of （AD）4 is with A genome. The shortest two chromosomes of A sub-genome of G. mustelinum were shorter than the longest chromosome of D sub-genome chromosomes. Therefore, the longest 13 chromosomes of tetraploid cotton being classified as A sub-genome, while the shorter 13 chromosomes being classified as D sub-genome in traditional cytogenetic and karyotype analyses may not be entirely correct.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51608504)Youth Innovation Promotion AssociationChinese Academy of Sciences(No. 2017064)
文摘A series of Na-doped 1 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with different Na loadings were prepared by wet impregnation and tested for the catalytic oxidation of benzene. Suitable addition of Na had a remarkable promotion effect on water resistance and enhancement of low temperature activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. The optimal mole ratio between Na and Pd was 1:1. The properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), O2-temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD), and in situ DRIFTS. Results indicated that the addition of Na not only decreased the content of adsorbed water species but also increased the amount of liable surface oxygen species, which are likely the key factors for the excellent water resistance of the catalyst. Na addition also improved the mobility of the lattice oxygen species, which was favorable for catalytic activity. Moreover, the well-dispersed negatively charged Pd particles and suitable redox properties derived from Na addition also contributed to the improved performance and water resistance of the Na1Pd1/Al2O3 catalyst. In situ DRIFTS results revealed that benzene was oxidized to maleate and acetate species via intermediate o-benzoquinone species, which finally turned into harmless CO2 and H2O.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[the Patterns Differentiation Mode of Main TCM Clinical Symptoms Based on Complex System Method(No.81270050)Information Extraction From TCM Inquiry and the Deducting Method of Patterns Differentiation Based on Feature Selection(No.30901897)+2 种基金Common Syndrome Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on The Integration of Four Diagnosis Methods(No.81173199)]College Students' Scientific Innovation Foundation of Shanghai University of TCM[SHUTCMCXHDZ(2011)03]the Foundation for Training Talents of National Basic Scientific Research(No.J1103607)
文摘OBJECTIVE: Apply spectral clustering to analyze the patterns of symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis(CG).METHODS: Based on 919 CG subjects, we applied mutual information feature selection to choose the positively correlated symptoms with each pattern.Then, we used the Shi and Malik spectral clustering algorithm to select the top 20 correlated symptoms.RESULTS: We ascertained the results of six patterns.There were three categories for the pattern of accumulation of damp heat in the spleen-stomach(0.00332). There were six categories for the pattern of dampness obstructing the spleen-stomach(0.02466). There were two categories for the pattern of spleen-stomach Qi deficiency(0.013 89).There were three categories for the pattern of spleen-stomach deficiency cold(0.009 15). There were five categories for the pattern of liver-Qistagnation(0.01910).There were four categories for the pattern of stagnant heat in the liver-stomach(0.00585).CONCLUSION: Most of the spectral clustering results of the symptoms of CG patterns were in accordance with clinical experience and Traditional Chinese Medicine theory. Most categories suggested the nature and/or location of the disease.
