Vernalization is a process of acquiring or accelerating the flowering ability by prolonged cold exposure.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3(VIN3)is induced by chilling and is extremely important for the vernalization response...Vernalization is a process of acquiring or accelerating the flowering ability by prolonged cold exposure.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3(VIN3)is induced by chilling and is extremely important for the vernalization response in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,the issue of the induction of the VIN3-LIKE genes in wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox)has been largely neglected.In the present study,we explored the molecular regulation of the PHD type finger protein-encoding gene CpVIL2 in relation to the growth and development of wintersweet in Arabidopsis.In wintersweet,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that the relative expression of CpVIL2-As2i(intron-retained alternatively spliced in the second intron)was extremely higher in the pistils than in the other tissues.And the relative CpVIL2-As2i expression in flower buds(FBs)treated at 8°C was higher than that of FBs in December,2016 under natural conditions,which was not detected in non-flowering FBs at 16°C.In Arabidopsis,the expression patterns of the CpVIL2-As2i gene were detected at first in CpVIL2-As2i pro::GUS(β-glucuronidase)lines,with predominantly higher expression in flowers and inflorescence.Meanwhile,the hormone-induced expression profiles of the CpVIL2-As2i promoter were confirmed using exogenous induction by abscisic acid(ABA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)phytohormones,where the GUS enzyme activity obviously decreased compared with that of control.In comparison with Arabidopsis/Col-0,early flowering was detected in ectopic 35S::CpVIL2-As2i lines.Overall,these results demonstrated the function of the CpVIL2-As2i gene,at the same time,provided us with new insights into the molecular mechanisms of early flowering and complex regulatory networks of vernalization in wintersweet.展开更多
Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was...Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.展开更多
Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants.The chilling requirement(CR)for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species.However,global warming is expected to negatively affect c...Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants.The chilling requirement(CR)for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species.However,global warming is expected to negatively affect chilling accumulation and dormancy release in a wide range of perennial plants.Here,we used Chimonanthus praecox as a model to investigate the CR for dormancy breaking under natural and artificial conditions.We determined the minimum CR(570 chill units,CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and analyzed the transcriptomes and proteomes of flowering and non-flowering flower buds(FBs,anther and ovary differentiation completed)with different CRs.The concentrations of ABA and GA3 in the FBs were also determined using HPLC.The results indicate that chilling induced an upregulation of ABA levels and significant downregulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)homologs at the transcript level in FBs when the accumulated CR reached 570 CU(IB570)compared to FBs in November(FB.Nov,CK)and nF16(non-flowering FBs after treatment at 16℃for−300 CU),which suggested that dormancy breaking of FBs could be regulated by the ABA-mediated SVP-FT module.Overexpression in Arabidopsis was used to confirm the function of candidate genes,and early flowering was induced in 35S::CpFT1 transgenic lines.Our data provide insight into the minimum CR(570 CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and its underlying regulatory mechanism in C.praecox,which provides a new tool for the artificial regulation of flowering time and a rich gene resource for controlling chilling-induced blooming.展开更多
A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter ...A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.展开更多
A full-duplex radiant energy converter based on both betavoltaic and photovoltaic effects in an easyto-implement way is an attractive alternative for the autonomous wireless sensor microsystem.Here,we report a novel b...A full-duplex radiant energy converter based on both betavoltaic and photovoltaic effects in an easyto-implement way is an attractive alternative for the autonomous wireless sensor microsystem.Here,we report a novel beta/photovoltaic cell based on free-standing Zn O nanorod arrays(ZNRAs)modified with metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes(m-SWCNTs),using radioisotope63 Ni as beta-emitting source.The ZNRAs were grown on Al-doped Zn O(AZO)conductive glass using hydrothermal method.The optimum length and diameter of Zn O nanorods were determined by Monte Carlo simulation for beta energy deposition in ZNRAs.The m-SWCNTs were anchored into the ZNRAs to form a three-dimensional(3-D)Schottky junction structure for effectively separating the beta/photo-excited electron-hole pairs.Experimentally,the betavoltaic and photovoltaic effects were confirmed through the I-V measurements of beta/photovoltaic cells under beta/UV/Vis irradiations,respectively.It is suggested that the m-SWCNTs play key role for the enhancement of beta/photovoltaic performance through the formation of extensive3-D Schottky junction,the conductive network for hole transport,and the surface plasmon resonance exciton absorption for visible light.展开更多
Recently,immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and efective method for treating triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).However,challenges still persist.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)is considered a prospective treatment ...Recently,immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and efective method for treating triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).However,challenges still persist.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)is considered a prospective treatment and potential combinational treatment strategy as it induces an anti-tumor immune response by presenting the antigenic epitopes of dead cells.Nevertheless,the ICD process in TNBC and its impact on disease progression and the response to immunotherapy are not well understood.In this study,we observed dysregulation of the ICD process and verifed the altered expression of prognostic ICD genes in TNBC through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis.To investigate the potential role of the ICD process in TNBC progression,we determined the ICD-dependent subtypes,and two were identifed.Analysis of their distinct tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)and cancer hallmark features revealed that Cluster 1 and 2 corresponded to the immune“cold”and“hot”phenotypes,respectively.In addition,we constructed the prognostic signature ICD score of TNBC patients and demonstrated its clinical independence and generalizability.The ICD score could also serve as a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade and may aid in the identifcation of targeted efective agents for individualized clinical strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the Grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2020B059)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971711).
文摘Vernalization is a process of acquiring or accelerating the flowering ability by prolonged cold exposure.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3(VIN3)is induced by chilling and is extremely important for the vernalization response in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,the issue of the induction of the VIN3-LIKE genes in wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox)has been largely neglected.In the present study,we explored the molecular regulation of the PHD type finger protein-encoding gene CpVIL2 in relation to the growth and development of wintersweet in Arabidopsis.In wintersweet,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that the relative expression of CpVIL2-As2i(intron-retained alternatively spliced in the second intron)was extremely higher in the pistils than in the other tissues.And the relative CpVIL2-As2i expression in flower buds(FBs)treated at 8°C was higher than that of FBs in December,2016 under natural conditions,which was not detected in non-flowering FBs at 16°C.In Arabidopsis,the expression patterns of the CpVIL2-As2i gene were detected at first in CpVIL2-As2i pro::GUS(β-glucuronidase)lines,with predominantly higher expression in flowers and inflorescence.Meanwhile,the hormone-induced expression profiles of the CpVIL2-As2i promoter were confirmed using exogenous induction by abscisic acid(ABA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)phytohormones,where the GUS enzyme activity obviously decreased compared with that of control.In comparison with Arabidopsis/Col-0,early flowering was detected in ectopic 35S::CpVIL2-As2i lines.Overall,these results demonstrated the function of the CpVIL2-As2i gene,at the same time,provided us with new insights into the molecular mechanisms of early flowering and complex regulatory networks of vernalization in wintersweet.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1602201)the Open Research Fund Program of Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development,Beijing Technology and Business University(PRRD-2021-YB8)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fund(31601395)the Key Program for Shaanxi Science and Technology(2020NY-146)。
文摘Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2020B059)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971711)Chongqing education committee project(CY200210,S202010635221).
文摘Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants.The chilling requirement(CR)for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species.However,global warming is expected to negatively affect chilling accumulation and dormancy release in a wide range of perennial plants.Here,we used Chimonanthus praecox as a model to investigate the CR for dormancy breaking under natural and artificial conditions.We determined the minimum CR(570 chill units,CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and analyzed the transcriptomes and proteomes of flowering and non-flowering flower buds(FBs,anther and ovary differentiation completed)with different CRs.The concentrations of ABA and GA3 in the FBs were also determined using HPLC.The results indicate that chilling induced an upregulation of ABA levels and significant downregulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)homologs at the transcript level in FBs when the accumulated CR reached 570 CU(IB570)compared to FBs in November(FB.Nov,CK)and nF16(non-flowering FBs after treatment at 16℃for−300 CU),which suggested that dormancy breaking of FBs could be regulated by the ABA-mediated SVP-FT module.Overexpression in Arabidopsis was used to confirm the function of candidate genes,and early flowering was induced in 35S::CpFT1 transgenic lines.Our data provide insight into the minimum CR(570 CU)needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and its underlying regulatory mechanism in C.praecox,which provides a new tool for the artificial regulation of flowering time and a rich gene resource for controlling chilling-induced blooming.
文摘A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.
基金the financial support of the project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61574117)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2018B030311002)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201806310044)。
文摘A full-duplex radiant energy converter based on both betavoltaic and photovoltaic effects in an easyto-implement way is an attractive alternative for the autonomous wireless sensor microsystem.Here,we report a novel beta/photovoltaic cell based on free-standing Zn O nanorod arrays(ZNRAs)modified with metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes(m-SWCNTs),using radioisotope63 Ni as beta-emitting source.The ZNRAs were grown on Al-doped Zn O(AZO)conductive glass using hydrothermal method.The optimum length and diameter of Zn O nanorods were determined by Monte Carlo simulation for beta energy deposition in ZNRAs.The m-SWCNTs were anchored into the ZNRAs to form a three-dimensional(3-D)Schottky junction structure for effectively separating the beta/photo-excited electron-hole pairs.Experimentally,the betavoltaic and photovoltaic effects were confirmed through the I-V measurements of beta/photovoltaic cells under beta/UV/Vis irradiations,respectively.It is suggested that the m-SWCNTs play key role for the enhancement of beta/photovoltaic performance through the formation of extensive3-D Schottky junction,the conductive network for hole transport,and the surface plasmon resonance exciton absorption for visible light.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82205114)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MH356).
文摘Recently,immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and efective method for treating triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).However,challenges still persist.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)is considered a prospective treatment and potential combinational treatment strategy as it induces an anti-tumor immune response by presenting the antigenic epitopes of dead cells.Nevertheless,the ICD process in TNBC and its impact on disease progression and the response to immunotherapy are not well understood.In this study,we observed dysregulation of the ICD process and verifed the altered expression of prognostic ICD genes in TNBC through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis.To investigate the potential role of the ICD process in TNBC progression,we determined the ICD-dependent subtypes,and two were identifed.Analysis of their distinct tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)and cancer hallmark features revealed that Cluster 1 and 2 corresponded to the immune“cold”and“hot”phenotypes,respectively.In addition,we constructed the prognostic signature ICD score of TNBC patients and demonstrated its clinical independence and generalizability.The ICD score could also serve as a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade and may aid in the identifcation of targeted efective agents for individualized clinical strategies.
