虽然妊娠期合并恶性肿瘤较为罕见,但随着女性妊娠期年龄的增大、头颈部癌症(head and neck cancer,HNC)患者的年轻化,妊娠期合并HNC的发病率略有增加。然而,目前临床尚缺乏关于妊娠期HNC的规范化诊疗标准。本研究通过系统检索PubMed数据...虽然妊娠期合并恶性肿瘤较为罕见,但随着女性妊娠期年龄的增大、头颈部癌症(head and neck cancer,HNC)患者的年轻化,妊娠期合并HNC的发病率略有增加。然而,目前临床尚缺乏关于妊娠期HNC的规范化诊疗标准。本研究通过系统检索PubMed数据库,评估孕妇(含围产期)患HNC的频率、肿瘤类型、相关因素和特异性生物标志物,并依据循证医学证据,对妊娠期合并HNC的研究进行综述,以期为临床工作提供指导。展开更多
According to the transversely isotropic theory and weak plane criterion, and considering the mechanical damages due to stress unloading and hydration during drilling, a shale wellbore stability model with the influenc...According to the transversely isotropic theory and weak plane criterion, and considering the mechanical damages due to stress unloading and hydration during drilling, a shale wellbore stability model with the influence of stress unloading and hydration was established using triaxial test and shear test. Then, factors influencing the wellbore stability in shale were analyzed. The results indicate that stress unloading occurs during drilling in shale. The larger the confining pressure and axial stress, the more remarkable weakening of shale strength caused by stress unloading. The stress unloading range is positively correlated with the weakening degree of shale strength. Shale with a higher development degree of bedding is more prone to damage along bedding. In this case, during stress unloading, the synergistic effect of weak structural plane and stress unloading happens, leading to a higher weakening degree of shale strength and poorer mechanical stability, which brings a higher risk of wellbore instability. Fluid tends to invade shale through bedding, promoting the shale hydration. Hydration also can weaken shale mechanical stability, causing the decline of wellbore stability. Influence of stress unloading on collapse pressure of shale mainly occurs at the early stage of drilling, while the influence of hydration on wellbore stability mainly happens at the late stage of drilling. Bedding, stress unloading and hydration jointly affect the wellbore stability in shale. The presented shale wellbore stability model with the influence of stress unloading and hydration considers the influences of the three factors. Field application demonstrates that the prediction results of the model agree with the actual drilling results, verifying the reliability of the model.展开更多
21世纪是大数据的时代,数据、模型驱动下的科学研究新范式与知识发现成为当今科学领域的新态势。本文介绍了在“深时数字地球”(Deep-time Digital Earth,DDE)国际大科学计划框架下构建的DDE-岩浆岩数据库。该数据库以“数据+编图+研究...21世纪是大数据的时代,数据、模型驱动下的科学研究新范式与知识发现成为当今科学领域的新态势。本文介绍了在“深时数字地球”(Deep-time Digital Earth,DDE)国际大科学计划框架下构建的DDE-岩浆岩数据库。该数据库以“数据+编图+研究”三位一体的建库思路,基于岩浆岩知识体系,构建了岩浆岩数据库,包括后台服务(云端)、网站(Web端)和科研工作平台(桌面端)。数据主要来源于公开发表的文献、研究团队测试、实验室测试数据等,涉及全球重要造山带、克拉通及部分海洋(大洋钻探数据)等。此外,还设立了22个地域性、学科性专题数据库。数据类型为岩浆岩岩石类型、产状、空间位置等基本信息,以及年代学、地球化学、(Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-O)同位素及非传统(或新兴)同位素数据。与国际最常用的有关数据库相比,本数据库具有以下优势:(1)“数-图-文”三位一体的设计思路,拥有编图和研究平台;(2)以研究为导向,组织构建了22个专题数据库,更多一线专家参与数据库建设,在某些地域和领域(如中亚、非传统同位素等)形成优势;(3)对数据都尽可能挖掘和补充了年龄、经纬度等时空信息;(4)创建了学科专家可以依据新的发展和需求及时调整数据库结构的技术与功能,而不需要重新编程;(5)有强大的DDE平台支持,为与国际有关数据库互联互通提供了有利条件。最后,利用DDE-岩浆岩数据库的核心数据(年代学、同位素等),对复杂大陆拼合过程、地壳生长、地球深部物质组成架构与演化等重大地球科学问题进行了探索并取得了一些进展,说明该数据库将对推动数据驱动的岩浆岩研究具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘虽然妊娠期合并恶性肿瘤较为罕见,但随着女性妊娠期年龄的增大、头颈部癌症(head and neck cancer,HNC)患者的年轻化,妊娠期合并HNC的发病率略有增加。然而,目前临床尚缺乏关于妊娠期HNC的规范化诊疗标准。本研究通过系统检索PubMed数据库,评估孕妇(含围产期)患HNC的频率、肿瘤类型、相关因素和特异性生物标志物,并依据循证医学证据,对妊娠期合并HNC的研究进行综述,以期为临床工作提供指导。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202194)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(2020CX040102).
文摘According to the transversely isotropic theory and weak plane criterion, and considering the mechanical damages due to stress unloading and hydration during drilling, a shale wellbore stability model with the influence of stress unloading and hydration was established using triaxial test and shear test. Then, factors influencing the wellbore stability in shale were analyzed. The results indicate that stress unloading occurs during drilling in shale. The larger the confining pressure and axial stress, the more remarkable weakening of shale strength caused by stress unloading. The stress unloading range is positively correlated with the weakening degree of shale strength. Shale with a higher development degree of bedding is more prone to damage along bedding. In this case, during stress unloading, the synergistic effect of weak structural plane and stress unloading happens, leading to a higher weakening degree of shale strength and poorer mechanical stability, which brings a higher risk of wellbore instability. Fluid tends to invade shale through bedding, promoting the shale hydration. Hydration also can weaken shale mechanical stability, causing the decline of wellbore stability. Influence of stress unloading on collapse pressure of shale mainly occurs at the early stage of drilling, while the influence of hydration on wellbore stability mainly happens at the late stage of drilling. Bedding, stress unloading and hydration jointly affect the wellbore stability in shale. The presented shale wellbore stability model with the influence of stress unloading and hydration considers the influences of the three factors. Field application demonstrates that the prediction results of the model agree with the actual drilling results, verifying the reliability of the model.
文摘21世纪是大数据的时代,数据、模型驱动下的科学研究新范式与知识发现成为当今科学领域的新态势。本文介绍了在“深时数字地球”(Deep-time Digital Earth,DDE)国际大科学计划框架下构建的DDE-岩浆岩数据库。该数据库以“数据+编图+研究”三位一体的建库思路,基于岩浆岩知识体系,构建了岩浆岩数据库,包括后台服务(云端)、网站(Web端)和科研工作平台(桌面端)。数据主要来源于公开发表的文献、研究团队测试、实验室测试数据等,涉及全球重要造山带、克拉通及部分海洋(大洋钻探数据)等。此外,还设立了22个地域性、学科性专题数据库。数据类型为岩浆岩岩石类型、产状、空间位置等基本信息,以及年代学、地球化学、(Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-O)同位素及非传统(或新兴)同位素数据。与国际最常用的有关数据库相比,本数据库具有以下优势:(1)“数-图-文”三位一体的设计思路,拥有编图和研究平台;(2)以研究为导向,组织构建了22个专题数据库,更多一线专家参与数据库建设,在某些地域和领域(如中亚、非传统同位素等)形成优势;(3)对数据都尽可能挖掘和补充了年龄、经纬度等时空信息;(4)创建了学科专家可以依据新的发展和需求及时调整数据库结构的技术与功能,而不需要重新编程;(5)有强大的DDE平台支持,为与国际有关数据库互联互通提供了有利条件。最后,利用DDE-岩浆岩数据库的核心数据(年代学、同位素等),对复杂大陆拼合过程、地壳生长、地球深部物质组成架构与演化等重大地球科学问题进行了探索并取得了一些进展,说明该数据库将对推动数据驱动的岩浆岩研究具有重要意义。
